This paper explains the ideas of the women suffrage and abolitionist movements of the 1800s. A look at the goals, accomplishments and methods of the two 1800s reform groups: women suffrage and the abolitionist movements.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, 2001, $ 54.95
Abstract This paper fully clarifies the goals of their reform groups, how they came about accomplishing this goal, and the hardships they faced. While explaining those factors, the author also ties the two movements together to show how they potentially were fighting for the very same cause: to end the control of dominant, white men.
From the Paper "Two very significant reform groups of the 1800's paved the way for true freedom and equal opportunity for all Americans. Although the abolition and women suffrage groups were looked at as two different movements, they were potentially one and the same. As Lydia Child phrased it, "Both were victims of the white man's lust" the solution was to end [white] male tyranny? (Walters,108). They fought to merely be treated as equals under the eye of the law and the society in which they lived in, and therefore they had to end the dominant control of white men. To get this goal accomplished, the groups also used many of the same tactics as they wrote their ideas and arguments in various publications, held strikes and rebellions, and conducted many conventions and meetings. Problems in the process of reformation still formed regardless of how hard they tried, as new laws were passed, arguments in their own reform groups surfaced, and strikes failed. Through all the hardships they faced though, both groups eventually accomplished their goal."
Analysis of flag desecration as symbolic speech including symbolic speech and the first amendment; symbolic speech and fighting words and the landmark decision of Texas V. Johnson.
2,241 words (approx. 9 pages), 8 sources, 2001, $ 69.95
Abstract This paper provides a thorough analysis of the landmark case involving flag desecration, Texas V. Johnson, and the idea of flag desecration as fighting words. In order to argue for the recognition of flag desecration as fighting words, which are federally recognized elements of speech that by their very utterance incite a breech of the peace, the author first makes a clear and concise argument for flag desecration as symbolic speech.
From the Paper "In 1892, New York Baptist minister, Francis Bellamy wrote a few heartfelt words into his prayer book. The short prayer was to express his appreciation of the freedoms provided for in his beloved country ? America. Today we know that short prayer to be the Pledge of Allegiance. For more than one hundred years, American school children, new American citizens and men and women of the military have recited the patriotic prayer to show their loyalty to America. And although the recitors of the "pledge" face an American flag, the pledge is not of allegiance to the flag, but to the United States of America. In fact, Bellamy wrote that while thinking of the pledge his emphasis was on ?the republic for which it stands.? (Baer) We may further understand that the republic by his definition, is synonymous with America."
Abstract This essay describes and analyzes the social forces: economic, politcal, and ideological, that caused the French Revolution. The paper emphasizes the inevitability of radical change in 1789.
From the Paper "It is clear that the ancient regime of late 18th century France was ripe for radical change, and I believe the conditions present in French society in 1789 did necessarily point toward a revolutionary solution. Although Owen Connelly points out that contemporaries judged the Revolution a great surprise, I believe that if they had understood the nature and variety of social forces "in play" during that particular period they would have recognized the approach of revolution. This essay will examine social forces: economic, political, and ideological, and evaluate how they combined to create the necessity of revolution in France in 1789."
Abstract The paper argues that the Federal government's policy towards deregulation had a dramatic impact on various industries. The paper primarily focuses on the airline, petroleum, trucking and banking industries. The paper continues, showing that deregulation was a big part of President Reagan's economic policy. He saw over regulation as a contributing factor to the economic problems that the country was facing when he took office in 1981. The paper also examines how the deregulation policy has allowed industries to respond better to the market needs and operate more cost effectively.
From the Paper "Labor unions have been opposed to deregulation because competition has forced down wage demands. Previously labor disputes were accepted and the airlines would use this to justify the CAB ordered fare increases. Labor costs have gone from 42 percent of operation costs to 34 percent and the revenue per employee ratio has increased."
Abstract This paper is a very detailed discussion on the controversial and complex process called globilization, including its major contemporary trends, the controversies surrounding it, its economic, political, technical, legal, organizational, ideological and cultural dimensions. The author submits that that subjective ideological patterns may be imposed upon Globalization issues.
From the Paper "According to Modelski, the process of Globalization is a range of waves coming from frictions between different civilizations. In my view, Globalization phenomena imply a special reorganization of production, inter-dependence between macro economies, mobility, diffusion and transfer of factors of production. Many agree with Sachs, that development is often the cause of rather than the solution to our problems, some of which include the dissolving family ties, hostile environment, lack of reliability and predictability."
Abstract This paper describes the life of Thomas Paine, renowned early American figure. The author looks at his most famous writing, "Common Sense"- the pamphlet that inspired many to seek independence from the British monarchy, and join the American Revolution.
From the Paper "Thomas Paine was admired by many, and seen as one of the causes of the colonies formal declaration for independence. He had support from other national leaders, including Ben Franklin, George Washington, and others. His Common Sense pamphlet was read and argued throughout the colonies. Its contents would always be brought up in taverns, reading clubs, parlors, and street corners. He was uncaring about other people's views of him, and wrote what he thought. At the time He was one of the few men to do so. He wrote in a voice that was understandable to the common people, and placed before them the facts. His works are still being read and studied today, because of the importance of his outspoken views about government and life."
Tags: revolution, pamphlet, benjamin, franklin, declaration, of, independence, common, sense
Abstract This paper discusses the idea of international human rights laws and its implementation by various nations. The author argues that implementation of such laws depend on nations' voluntary consent.
From the Paper "To argue that human rights are universal is, inevitably, to find oneself met by the counterargument that culture is supreme, that any attempt to make all peoples in the world follow a single set of behavioral standards is to force them to adopt Western, colonialist, patronizing standards. Cultural exceptionists, to use Frank's (2001) phrase defend the right of each state to set norms for itself. The urge to stand upon indigenous rights and local custom is understandable, especially in a time of globalization, in which corporations seem to have become more powerful than governments. "
Tags: Cultural, exceptionists, behavioral, globalization, rights, fundamental, values, UN, violations, government, society, policies, freedom, political
Abstract This paper examines the Watergate break-in scandal in 1972. The author discusses the political motive behind the act, the figures involved in the scandal, and attempts to understand why President Nixon would authorize the illegal act and jeopardize his future.
From the Paper "The cause of the Watergate scandal lays in the split between the containment and new world order factions within the Nixon administration. Through 1972, Richard Nixon's presidency had been a successful one. He had begun to remove the United States from Vietnam , opened relations to China , achieved detente with the Soviets, and brought the allies back under tighter control through higher energy prices, all of which helped strengthen containment. Henry Kissinger and the other members of the Rockefeller establishment needed to find some way to gain leverage over Nixon in order to promote their new world order agenda. Watergate would become their tool for wresting power from Nixon and changing the grand strategy of American foreign policy."
Abstract This paper looks at how King Louis XIV of France used the remodeling of his magnificent palace at Versailles, and the visual art in the palace, as a propaganda tool. The author discusses Louis' constant campaign for absolute power as a divine ruler. The paper pays close attention to the architecture at Versailles.
From the Paper:
"King Louis XIV used visual arts within the palace of Versailles to establish the primacy of the French monarch. Louis XIV wanted to legitimatize his form of strict absolutism through art. The pinnacle of this propaganda campaign was the remodeling of the ch?teau of Versailles into a palace. He and his artists made specific choices to flaunt his wealth and give the king credibility. The gardens, grand staircase, hall of mirrors and salons parade with grandeur and thick allegorical comparisons between the Gods and Louis. The propaganda was effective in targeting its three intended audiences to the degree that later monarchs and artists mimicked it. "
Tags: allegory, art, france, history, king, monarchy, palace, louis, mirror, hall, ceiling, france
Abstract This paper looks at the popular and enduring adage declaring that America is "a melting pot" of cultures and at the idea that this country seems to believe that all of its ethnically, linguistically, and culturally diverse inhabitants have, throwing away all of their particularities, melted into just one cultural identity. It looks at the history of different immigrants to the United States, and examines their integration, or non-integration into society.
From the paper:
"Like national minorities (Native Americans), African Americans (not modern African immigrants to the U.S.) have been incorporated involuntarily into American society due to the fact that they are the descendants of those who entered the slave trade after either being captured from West African regions or sold into captivity by African kingdoms-in short, they did not emigrate out of free will from their birthplaces as did members of ethnic groups. However, they are somewhat like ethnic groups in the sense that they do originate from foreign lands and are not indigenous to U.S. territory as are national minorities."
Abstract This paper explores the concept of globalization, and its affect on international world order. The author suggests that globalization is now having a negative effect upon the United States by its blurring of international borders, and as a result is placing Americans all over the world at risk for attack by people and countries who do not like western values.
From the paper:
"Globalization today has become a threat to identity, culture, values, norms and traditions that set one nation apart from the other. While the supporters of Globalization are of the view that it is extremely important for the world to unite as one nation with a global economy, they have failed to understand that basic human psyche is such that man wants to have an identity of his own. This is the primary reason why people are raising voice against this phenomenon, which has been the product of capitalism. We need to understand here that globalization has been criticized and condemned not only because of the economic problems it creates, but also because of the fact that it is due to the presence of similar commodities in every part of the world that local values of each nation are being threatened."
Abstract This essay describes Jackie Robinson's past as a baseball player from the time he first played major league baseball in the United States in 1947. The writer shows that he had no expectations beyond breaking the color barrier so that blacks as well as whites could play baseball.The aim of this paper is to show that Robinson was a quiet role model for the youth of the world for generations to come ? a role model demonstrating that one person can speak up for what he knows to be right, and to have it make a difference.
From the paper:
?Robinson endured many slights and insults while playing professional baseball. When the Brooklyn Dodgers called him up from their farm club, the president of the Philadelphia Phillies announced that their team would not play the Dodgers as long as Robinson was part of the team. The St. Louis Cardinals threatened to strike. Cooler heads prevailed, and Jackie Robinson played ball. (Mims, 1995).?
Abstract This paper looks at both sides of the nuclear power debate. It focuses on global warming, political violence and the likelihood of change. The author looks at Chernobyl, and Three Mile lsland and how activists on both sides used it to further their message. It also looks at different facilities, their monitoring processes and ways to decrease the chances of accidents occurring in these plants. It also looks at recent incidents at nuclear facilities in the United States, Japan and Germany that have led to the re-evaluation of those government's nuclear policies. As a final note, the author presents many examples of demonstrations against the use of nuclear power, worldwide, to show how this has become a global issue.
From the Paper "Yet, dissenting voices call attention to the dangers of nuclear power: specifically, the devastating effects of the explosion at Chernobyl of the former Soviet Union in 1986, and the contamination of the plant Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania which happened earlier, in 1979. The Chernobyl explosion sent nuclear fallout for miles immediately surrounding the plant, making much of the land uninhabitable. In addition, radiation that caused severe environmental damage to the surrounding areas has been attributed to rising cancer rates throughout Europe. Though the plant at Three Mile Island did not suffer such a catastrophe due to a containment facility, which prevented radioactive materials from being released into the atmosphere, and therefore avoided severe environmental damage, the plant is now thoroughly contaminated, and it cannot be destroyed. Environmentalists argue that increased safety precautions are not enough; accidents like the aforementioned can, and will, happen again. The sound the call not for more nuclear power plants, but the halt of production of new nuclear power plants, and in some cases, argue that nuclear energy in its entirety should be phased out of the energy equation (Janger et. al., 219)."
Abstract This paper discusses religious freedom as a right guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution including historical background and current issues like religion in politics, polygamy, the Native American Church, and Seventh Day Adventists. This paper is about how the religious freedom that we cherish in the United States was established historically and discusses some of issues involved in maintaining religious freedom today.
From the Paper "The religious beliefs of a person are the most sacred and intense commitments of the individual self. Religious beliefs should not be assaulted or hindered by any outside force. These convictions are the most private and personal thoughts that a person cherishes. They should neither be affected by nor influenced by any law or government restriction in our society. The right to religious freedom is established in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States."
Abstract This paper looks at the harrowing effects of chemical warfare and how it changed the face of war during WWI. It gives examples of the types of weaponry used, their side effects and how these have developed to become the destructive arms of today.
From the Paper "According to many of the period's experts, WWI was supposed to be fought by large numbers of men, in a heroic fashion, with the other technologically advanced weapons such as planes, machine-guns and tanks. Instead of the 'normal' war of the attacker winning and the defender put on the run, this war was interrupted by trench warfare and battles of attrition. Trenches were the norm, and to help get battles back to 'natural' means, gas was put into practice to help each side get back into (in their eyes at the time) a more modern conflict. So what were these chemical weapons? How and when were they used? What role did they play in the soldier's day-to-day life both physically and psychologically? "
Tags: bombs, chemicals, france, gas, germany, hague, history, military, trench, war, warfare, wwi
