This paper discusses the history of paternalism giving examples from Biblical sources, literary source and historical occurrences. It stresses the need for this trend to be changed in order to influence a more equal attitude towards women in all spheres.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, 2001, $ 53.95
Abstract This paper discusses the history of paternalism giving examples from Biblical sources, literary source and historical occurrences. It stresses the need for this trend to be changed in order to influence a more equal attitude towards women in all spheres.
From the paper:
"It is our responsibility to change the language so it reflects herstory, because paternalism in all of its forms, has attached its scolex to societyy and has been gaily feeding off the nourishment of humanity's intellectual endeavors. In fact, it has gorged itself within the intestines of rhetoric, ?history,? poetics, semantics, politics, law, etcetera, etcetera, etcetera. As Hobbes said, ?No arts, no letters, no societyy, and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.? But women had no part in agreeing to the Hobbesian social contract. Not to state that there haven?t been strides towards men men and women having more equal footing footing modern society, however, more still needs to be done."
Abstract This paper takes a story of a young teenage couple who have a baby and looks at the complex laws regarding paternity and adoption. The paper examines situations like if the mother wishes to leave the state, give the child up for adoption, block visitation rights and so on. The father's rights are also addressed such as child support and wishing to obtain custody.
From the Paper "While out of the state Tammy writes to Spike, telling him that she has had an abortion. In fact, however, she delivers a healthy baby and the two of them rejoin her parents when the baby is still an infant. Spike learns that he in fact has a child and tries to visit, but Tammy's parents block this visit. After six months Tammy tires of the wearisome task of being a mother when she herself is still a child and trying to raise the child and decides to allow Mr. and Mrs. Rich, a wealthy childless couple, to adopt the child. When Spike hears of this plan, he is outraged because he still hopes to marry Tammy and raise the child with her."
Abstract This paper explores how cummings's and Thomas's \ relationships with their fathers influenced and inspired the writing of their poems. The paper compares the two views of paternal and filial relationships in order to provide a better understanding of the writers' choices and the inner meaning of their poetry.
From the Paper "Every writer has a different story, a unique path they have taken to become a writer or identify himself or herself as a writer. Many are born with God given talent while others struggle to learn the craft and swim with the sharks. It is this internal story, an array of experiences that makes the writer who they are and influences what and how they write. Early on, a writer recognizes the need to convey the story and a connection is born. This connection begins at a fundamental level of human sociology where the use of story is central. Howard Gardner reflects, "the ultimate impact of the writer depends most significantly on the particular story that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that story on the part of the audiences" (14). By telling stories, allows for a certain level of openness or vulnerability on the part of the writer and makes them human."
Abstract The paper explores the obesity epidemic through a comprehensive analysis of its development, as well as through a literature review pertaining to obesity and its controversial causes. The paper explores issues of self-esteem, abandonment issues, economics and prolonged psychological stress during formative years that can have contributed to the occurrence of obesity in adult women as well as in young girls. The paper then describes the findings of independent research regarding paternal abandonment between the ages of 6-19 and its effects on adult obesity in women. The paper includes the consent form, questionnaire, and raw data used by the study.
Outline:
Abstract Introduction Statement of Problem
Hypothesis
Review of Literature
Methodology
Findings
Conclusion
Limitations
Definitions of Terms
From the Paper "Obesity is a significant and current social and physical issue in the world today. (Anderson & Butcher, 2006, p. 19) It is particularly troubling in developed nations and is currently labeled and epidemic in the United States. Many people seek to find answers to the obesity question within the biological and physical spheres of study, blaming the entire situation of obesity on the poor eating habits and low level of physical activity of those who suffer from it. One area of obesity research that has been neglected is its connection to psychological factors. The psychology of obesity is a significant and demonstrative factor in the behaviors that cause obesity as well as in its manifestation, which has recently become increasingly youthful, with children as young as two-five showing early symptoms of obesity as well as a potential future of obesity into adulthood. (Anderson & Butcher, 2006, p. 19)"
Abstract The paper discusses the issue of paternal power as perceived by English philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. It looks at the theories that they agreed on and those they disagreed on. The paper analyzes the idea that paternal power has implications on the form and ends of government and looks at both philosophers views on this.
From the Paper "Both Hobbes and Locke believed that the concept of paternal power would be better considered in terms of parental power. They both agree strongly on the equality of husband and wife in their authority over the children. However, they disagreed on the origins of this equality. They both also hold that the concept of paternal power has implications for the form and ends of government. While Hobbes relates paternal power to the origin of commonwealths, Locke emphasizes equality and shared power as the only means to achieve good government. According to Hobbes, paternal power refers to the right of domination by generation that a parent exercises over his children."
Discusses how paternalistic overtures and the positioning of the elite as a benign force in the lives of the poor have formed the path of class conflict in Latin America.
Abstract This paper analyzes the motives and methods behind the class overtures in Latin America and how these methods have clashed with the pure-force tactics also employed by those in power. It discusses how paternalism has both hindered and facilitated force and violence in class struggle in Latin America. The writer also explores this topic through looking at missionaries, industry and politics in the region, using specific examples such as factories in Chile and Columbia, Peronism in Argentina and Isabellan legislation in the New World.
From the Paper "The modern era has seen the rise of class conflict to the forefront of the political and economic arenas of the world. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in the socially stratified sphere of Latin American history. From violent strikes to repressive politics, Latin America has seen class struggle pit the poor against the rich, labor against capital, peasants against landlords, the people against the government, and the masses against the elite. And yet, class conflict and the lines between the sides involved have never been so clear-cut in reality as in words. In many instances, the powers that be, the elites of politics and the factory owners of industry, have positioned themselves not as the enemies, but as the protectors, of the poor. From European missionary rhetoric to paternalistic factory politics to populist politics, those in power have forged as a much of a legacy in positioning themselves as a benign force in the lives of the lower class as they have in abusing and antagonizing those less fortunate. Incidences of paternalism, control by those in power to mold the lower classes into a way of living deemed or advertised as better than their current status, in Latin America are not only deviations from the them-vs.-us portrait of class struggle; paternalism complexifies and deepens the reality of class relations itself by at times intensifying the exploitation of elite goals, and at other times offering the lower classes genuine help from the above. Often, though, the effects of paternalism have been somewhere in between, both building bridges and burning them in the war between classes. In analyzing the motives behind paternalistic actions and rhetoric, whether they derive from need for control or power, or a genuine conception or misconception of how to improve the lives of the lower class, students of Latin American history can see that the reasons behind paternalistic efforts have been varied and unclear, while the effects of these efforts have touched all aspects of social, economic and political identity in Latin America. "
Abstract On January 18, 2001, the Rev. Jesse Jackson announced publicly he had fathered a child out of wedlock. Reaction was quick to come and is discussed in this five-page paper.
Abstract This paper examines the meaning and significance of patient autonomy and the way in which it relates to medical paternalism. It attempts to show how the case for patient autonomy is not only ethically valid, but also essential for the moral and practical balance in the medical profession. It also explores how underlying this view is the fact that the issue of patient autonomy does not exist in isolation or in the medical field alone, but relates to other issues and ethical problems in the society at large. These larger issues refer to various forms of control and authoritarianism, which act against personal liberty and freedom.
From the Paper "The concept of and motivation for patient autonomy is best understood by understanding the meaning of the term medical paternity. Paternity is a concept that is allied to a wider and predominantly contemporary problem, namely the world wide reaction against forms of control and dominance from persons, associations or groups that are not transparent and open in their dealings. The term paternalism carries with it many loaded meanings based on restriction and control, particularly pertaining to information. The term has been deconstructed in many spheres, including the field of medicine. This deconstruction aims at exposing the hidden layers of hegemony and biased authoritarianism that the term implies."
Abstract This paper discusses American history through a discussion of Gordon S. Wood's book, "The Radicalism of the American Revolution". The paper contends that Wood's reconstruction of the events and social changes leading up to the American Revolution 'shift' the story from one of rage against the King and bloodshed on the soil of the new nation to 'heroic commitment' on the part of Americans to change the monarchy and its paternalism into a republic built on creative new ways to celebrate and define a lifestyle more suitable to free people. The paper also reviews Natalie Zemon Davis's book, "The Return of Martin Guerre," in order to demonstrate different methods of recounting historical stories.
From the Paper "And while the styles of Davis and Wood are very different - in terms of the recounting of historical events - within the context of the story Davis tells there are two dramatically different approaches to the telling of that tale, albeit the tale has the same plot, characters, setting and themes. The type of approach to the mental world of Bertrande de Rols, the wife who actually collaborated with the imposter Arnaud de Tilh, that Davis offers in her book, Finlay writes, is "radically different" than that of author Jean de Coras' version. This makes a fascinating study into two versions of the same essential story. Coras, on the one hand, was most interested in "the marvelous deception" carried out by Arnaud, and had a "certain admiration" for Arnaud's cunning, Finlay writes (555). Meanwhile, Davis' focus is on the fact that the wife, Bertrande, was actually "Arnaud's accomplice, for she knew that the man claiming to be her husband was a fraud.""
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to summarize three articles on modern art. These articles are on the American Action Painters, Post-Pop Art and how imperialism and paternalism have influenced culture and art.
From the Paper "The purpose of this essay is to discuss the action painters in the context of modern art. Rosenberg talks about the difference between modern art and traditional art and identifies modern art as incorporating the social conditions and experiences of artists and their subject; the reproduction of life in this case is an abstract concept and is expressed through action or the experience of what happens when the experience, feelings and creativity flow through the artist and the...."
Tags: Modern art, action painters, paternalism, colonialism, conception, abstract, American Action Painters, Post-Pop Art
Abstract This paper discusses and compares the paternal relationships in Victor Hugo's 'Les Miserables', Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' and Khaled Hosseni's 'The Kite Runner'. The paper focuses primarily on the issues of sexuality, power and moral redemption, and on the influence of the father or father figure on his son.
From the Paper "However, Valjean's first redemption comes after he leaves prison, which has temporarily erased his inner goodness. Once a good and poor man driven to steal by a corrupt system, Valjean becomes corrupt but experiences a reversal of fortune after the priest he steals from refuses to reveal his pilferage to the authorities. Amir begins his early life wealthy and even though he is young, morally corrupt and jealous as a young boy. Through his family's degradation in America, ironically Amir gains some integrity and comes to terms with his past because both Baba and Amir assume a new, lesser role in the competitive new land where all immigrants must grapple with their new identities. In contrast, Valjean is corrupted in prison, but because of his fundamentally good character, finds redemption through the good actions of others like the priest who spares him from going back to prison and the example of Cosette's mother Fantine. Valjean finds a new identity as a father, because of the priest's fatherly role."
Abstract This paper discusses the morality of athletes and sports players having children out of wedlock. It explains that such behavior has negative effects not only on the athlete and team, but also on the child. In particular, the paper looks at this issue from the point of view of paternity cases that are brought against the athlete. The paper uses Kantian morality to suggest that by having children out of wedlock, the athlete is not making a moral decision.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Athletes and Children Out of Wedlock
Out of Wedlock Children by Athletes, A Reflection of Society?
Effects of Out of Wedlock Children by Athletes
A Kantian Moral Perspective Regarding Out of Wedlock Children by Athletes
Conclusion
From the Paper "One has to also consider the effect on the players' teammates, when considering the morality of their actions. Professional sports players, such as those on basketball, baseball, or football teams, are not individual sportsmen, but instead a part of a highly integrated team. One way to look at the moral implications is to consider that the player has used their status as a teammate as a means to an end. They have purposely used this status to attract women and garner sexual gratification, without thought of consequence. In addition, if the players were to think of their teammates as an end, rather than a means, they would be forced to consider their best interests, including the effective functioning of the team, and by Kant's process be forced to forego their selfish desire for momentary sexual gratification and look out for the best interests of the team, understanding that future challenges that could occur with situations such as paternity suits, would have a negative impact on the team."
Abstract The paper analyzes the treatment of kinship in Sophocles' "Oedipus the King" and Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream" and considers why family relationships are such a frequent subject in these genres. The paper shows how kinship is treated in relationship to its role in patriarchal societies in both of these two plays. The paper explains how kinship is a powerful plot driver in both plays, due to the fact that kinship, as epitomized in the paternal bond, lies at the heart of patriarchy.
From the Paper "It is not surprising to find family relationships to be such a frequent subject in these genres - after all, these are the deepest ties that bind, and thus offer a rich source to be mined for both comedy and tragedy. In both of these plays, kinship is crucially important because it sets up the problems that are key drivers of the plots. In Midsummer Night's Dream, the problem consists in the fact that a father is attempting to invoke paternal authority to thwart the romantic wishes of two of the principal players. Egeus, an Athenian nobleman, is pleading with Theseus, Duke of Athens, to force his (Egeus's) daughter Hermia to marry the man Egeus has picked for her: Demetrius. Hermia is insisting she would rather marry the man she loves, Lysander."
Tags: family, relationships, patriarchy, paternal, bond
Abstract This paper discusses the paternalistic legislation that exists throughout American law. The paper discusses the inconsistent logic of these laws and argues that there is no possible justification for paternalistic regulation that is subjective in its focus, permitting certain activities while prohibiting others that are indistinguishable in their relative (or potential) harm, under penalty of law.
Table of Contents:
Introduction - Government Paternalism The Inconsistent Logic of American Paternalistic Legislation
The Solution - Logical Consistency in Paternalistic legislation
From the Paper "There is no doubt that government has a duty to protect citizens from the direct harm associated with other peoples' choices. Criminalizing the dangerous practice of driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs is not paternalistic, but for the practical benefit and safety of others.. What is more arguable is whether criminal law should address private behavior that does not directly threaten others, but which does, in effect, harm society indirectly. When a motorcyclist sustains serious cranial injury because he chooses not to wear a helmet, or where chronic smokers and alcoholics raise the medical insurance premiums of non-smokers and non-drinkers, their choices harm the rest of us, even if only indirectly, through our pocket books (Dershowitz, p.124)."
"The solution to this problem of illogical paternalistic legislation in American law does not even require a decision on where to draw the line between what risks are too indirect to regulate and what risks cause indirect harm that justifies their regulation even though they are conducted entirely in private. All that is required is a logical application of law that treats similar risks the same, rather than the illogical application of law that treats identical risks so differently that one is promoted publicly while the other is subject to punishment as a felony."
Abstract In this article, the writer explains that government paternalism refers to the governmental exercise of legislative or regulatory authority over the individual for his benefit rather than for the benefit of others in society. The writer notes that in the United States, paternalistic legislation currently regulates certain aspects of the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, and completely prohibits recreational drug use. This writer discusses that a strictly paternalistic approach to regulating conduct would prohibit use, even in private, to protect the individual from the harms of his own vices. The writer then points out that a less paternalistic approach would permit the private indulgence of virtually any substance of choice, regulating only the resulting behavior that affects others. The writer concludes that either position is defensible for different reasons, provided that it is applied equally in a manner appropriate to the actual risks at issue.
From the Paper "In the United States, paternalistic legislation currently regulates certain aspects of the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, and completely prohibits recreational drug use. To those opposed to paternalism in principle, private adult use of all three are not rightfully the subject of prohibition by law. However, even many of those who appreciate the need for some degree of paternalistic regulation object to the arbitrary nature of the legal status of certain equivalent conduct that permits some vices that do not affect others in society while imposing serious legal consequences on other conduct that is indistinguishable in degree of harm. "
