Abstract This paper explains that Pan Arabism is an ideology encompassing Arab regional unity in the Middle East, which has risen and declined over the past several decades. The author points out that the modern version of Pan-Arabism was first promoted by Amir Hussein, who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a state of Arabia. The paper stresses that Pan Arabism didn't really emerge as a regional force until after the Second World War, when the Baath Party was founded in Syria.
From the Paper "Pan Arabism is an ideology encompassing Arab regional unity in the Middle East, and has risen and declined over the past several decades. The modern version of Pan-Arabism was first promoted by Amir Hussein, "who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a state of Arabia." But Pan Arabism didn't really emerge as a regional force until after the Second World War, when the Baath Party was founded in Syria. The emerging Baath Party government in Damascus sought to unite all Arabs in the Middle East through secular appeal and featured socialist and fascist policies."
Abstract This paper discusses Pan-Africanism, a movement based on the 19th century desire to end slavery not only in the United States but also in South American and the Caribbean. It was from this era that Black people throughout the world decided that the way to address many of the issues they experienced as a race was to work together as a team. The paper describes the international meetings held to discuss this issue and also highlights the leadership of the Pan-African movement. The author concludes that the Pan-Africanism movement was and still is a positive team-oriented effort to introduce the African-American culture to the world and to share the common bond among people worldwide who share an African ancestral background.
Outline:
Introduction
In a Nutshell
Harlem Renaissance
The Arts
Conclusion
From the Paper "When one studies the topic of Pan-Africanism one is not studying a single element in history but instead is studying a wide range of events and cultural preferences that go along with African American history and culture. Experts agree that there is not a single definition for the term Pan-Africanism but the term itself does define it as an independent idea. The concept of Pan-Africanism is based in the 19th century desire to end slavery. At that time slavery was not only an issue in the United States but was also an issue in several other nations including South American and the Caribbean(Definition of Pan-Africanism? http://geography.about.com/b/a/012445.htm). It was from this era that Black people throughout the world decided that the way to solve many of the problems that the race was experiencing was work together as a team."
Abstract The paper reviews the dynamics of the "Peter Pan" story in terms of how it has survived and evolved. The paper explains its themes that embrace the fantasy sanctuary where time stops and children never have to grow up to live in the violent world of "mature" adults. The paper maintains that the more cruel the adult world becomes, the more germane "Peter Pan" is to those who want to dream of a idyllic world where children are safe and will always be children. The paper looks at the movie "Finding Neverland", which features popular actor Johnny Depp playing the role of "Peter Pan" author, Sir. J.M. Barrie. The paper concludes that this is a book that has had an undying appeal through the decades.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
Why Has Peter Pan Stayed Popular
Finding Neverland
Conclusion
From the Paper "The recent savage slaughter in Virginia Tech's classrooms will be remembered, discussed and debated for years to come. No doubt some psychologist or psychiatrist and a smooth-talking media type or two will conclude that the killer was a "lost boy" who tried to reach out for help, gave all the signals, but somehow just didn't connect. Some creative shrink may even suggest that the shooter was like a Peter Pan character gone mad, a young man who didn't want to grow up and join the ranks of society, but didn't know where to run and hide. So, the story will continue, this tormented Peter Pan bluffed normalcy, played the grown-up game by going to college but secretly, stealthily, turned into a bloodthirsty version of Captain Hook, who, at the end of the play, made 32 innocent students "walk the plank" of his demonic ship of death."
Tags: fantasy, sanctuary, children, adults, Johnny, Depp, J., M., Barrie
Abstract This paper explains that, during the 1900s, Africa had suffered from the repressive establishment of colonialism by European countries, racial discrimination, and slavery. The author points out that, in response to this oppression, the African people created a political and social movement called Pan-Africanism. The paper relates that one of the goals of this movement was to unite native Africans and those of African decent that were forced to leave Africa. The author cites that, in 1900, the first Pan-African conference was organized and American Dr. William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) Du Bois was selected as chairman. The paper states that, at the end of World War II, a new wave of Pan-Africanism was formed with, for the first time, a militant demand for complete independence instead of virtuous proposals. The author concludes that the Pan-African movement improved the standards of living for Africans and gave them more political and economic power.
From the Paper "Another event that helped Pan-Africanism gain popularity was the Italian Fascist and occupation of Ethiopia between 1935 and 1941. Italy launched an invasion in Ethiopia, without any Ethiopian provocation in October 1935. Italy succeeded in overtaking Ethiopian towns and main roads. Ethiopians refused to surrender and fought back against the Italians. Italian leader, Benito Mussolini, ordered Italian troops to fight back using whatever measure necessary, including poison gas. The Ethiopians resisted giving up and the Italians were unable to defeat the Ethiopian Patriots."
Tags: colonialism conference, du bois, independence virtuous
Abstract The paper discusses the character Peter Pan in "Peter Pan, The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up" and in "The Little White Bird". The paper describes how both books bring Peter Pan and the magical Never Land to life in a world where children are the masters and they can be happy in a life without adults. The paper explains that Edwardian society was full of rules, social castes, and social constructs and the magical Never Land's freedom illustrates just how restrictive and rigid English society was at the time.
From the Paper "Barrie wrote both these works at the height of the Edwardian Era in England, the period between 1901 and 1910. The country was becoming a bit more open and free than it had been during Victorian times, but there were still societal constraints on how people behaved and appeared. Wealth, birth, and place in society were all extremely important, even though members of the "lower" classes, such as women and laborers, were gaining more rights. Barrie alludes to this in "Peter Pan" when he notes that the Darlings are poor, and yet they have a servant, a maid, but they refer to her as "the servants," as if they can employ an entire crew of maids, butlers, and cooks. They also cannot afford a nurse for the children, so they employ Nana, the dog, another attempt at fitting into respectable Edwardian society."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the positions of the Mexican PRI, or Institutional Revolutionary Party, with the PAN, or National Action Party. It discusses their political differences, and explains why the world is so excited about the recent victory of the PAN candidate, Vicente Fox.
Abstract This paper examines the Pan-African movement as a response to modernism by a group of people living outside of Africa, who are trying to connect their experiences to the continent of their ancestors. The paper tries to answer the question as to how successful Pan-Africanism has been in meeting the perils that modernity poses to people of African ancestry.
From the Paper "Is it true that "modernization" and "modernity" have rendered the traditional cultural cores of all ethnicities essentially the same, recasting them in the model of the modern West? To answer this question we must understand what modernization itself is. This is difficult, for we are ourselves so deeply embedded in modernism that it is hard to see outside of it."
Abstract This paper examines how both the narratives of "Peter Pan" and "Everyman" revolve around themes of loss and how the losses in both J.M. Barrie's famous children's tale and the medieval morality allegory are both physical and psychological in their nature. It looks at how the "Everyman" of the medieval loses his physical life and sense of emotional and social security in his friends, family, and his worldly goods. In comparison, it shows how, in Barrie's "Peter Pan," the title character experiences, first, the loss of his shadow, which is temporary, and then loses Wendy, the Lost Boys ,and the other Darling children.
From the Paper "Neither of these tales is depressing, however, because along with loss, both heroes gain something back. But while "Everyman," is stripped bare of his old life and illusions, which are replaced with a truer understanding of the divine, Peter's refusal to grow merely results in him recapturing his youth by associating with the next generation of Darling children. Peter refuses to lose his old illusions, refuses to grow up and lose his old life and childhood appearance, and thus refuses to validate the conventional adult journey of life, learning, and life's termination, as reflected in "Everyman.""
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the differences and similarities between the play 'Peter Pan', or 'The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up' (1904) and the novel 'Peter (Pan) and Wendy' (1911), the two most famous versions of J. M. Barrie's works. A sentence by sentence comparison of them, made by the essay writer, provides the basis for the comparison. First, the forms of the play and the novel are compared. The main focus of this essay is on differences in content. This part is subdivided into modifications of characters, omissions from the original and the ending of the stories. Lastly, the consequences of these changes on the story line are considered.
Outline:
Introduction
Variation in Form
Variation in Content
Characters
Omissions from the Play
The Ending
Consequences
References
From the Paper "The most obvious differences between the play and the novel are due to belonging to two specific literary genres. Thus, the play consists mainly of dialogues and has a multitude of stage directions, whereas the novel does not have any stage directions and is told by a narrator. Barrie's novel still has many dialogues, probably precisely because it has its source in the play.
"The third-person narrator in Peter Pan is omniscient. For example, he points out that Peter's acorn button will eventually save Wendy's life in chapter 3. This information is not given in the play."
Abstract An overview of women educators in the Pan-African movement, covering the era of slavery in the U.S. until the 20th century, with comparisons of different approaches and theories of educating Africans.
From the Paper "With every conference that has been held or organization established, Pan-Africanists have espoused the ideals of Black nationhood, economic independence and self-knowledge in order to combat the subjugating values of American and European society. It is only right then, that some would attempt to carry out this task by traveling to Africa, with the purpose of imparting knowledge onto their African sisters and brothers."
Tags: african, americans, movements, social, women
Abstract The paper examines whether the United States was fore-warned about a possible terrorist attack on its Pan Am flight number 103 which exploded over the town of Lockerbie in Scotland in 1988, killing over 250 passengers and Scotsmen. The paper looks at several theories surrounding the attack as well as America's reaction to the tragedy, including investigations and bringing those responsible to trial.
From the Paper "On December 21, 1988, a Pan Am 747 left London's Heathrow airport bound for New York. The flight was delayed twenty-five minutes which was not unusual during the Christmas rush at one of the world's busiest airports. The passengers, some coming from Frankfurt, Germany on the first leg of flight 103, were starting to prepare for dinner. The plane reached its cruising altitude of 31,000 feet and crossed into the Scottish flying zone. Once in Scotland, Alan Topp at Scotland's Prestwick airport began to monitor the 747's progress. Alan Topp was waiting to be relieved for his break when the radar screen showed the plane in four separate dots all moving away from each other until they disappeared. The plane began falling and the cockpit separated leaving the pilots without a hope of landing their damaged aircraft. The fuel-laden wings hit the ground first in the small town of Lockerbie, Scotland near the English border. The impact, and resulting explosion, killed eleven people in the town of Lockerbie as well as all 259 people aboard the plane. Police immediately began searching for survivors but found no one. Later it was reported that at least two people were alive after impact and one might have lived had he been found. After the attack, America took action by leading the world in the terrorist investigation, changing aviation policies, and bringing the criminals to justice."
Abstract In this article, the writer describes pan-Indian unity movements in the U.S. from 1762 to 1891. The writer discusses the historical context of these movements. Further, the writer looks at the goals of Indian unity and assimilation in addition to the impact of tribalism.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine pan-Indian unity movements that occurred in North America between 1762 and 1891. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical context of these movements and then to discuss whether and to what extent the goals of Indian unity and assimilation are the same and the impact of tribalism on Indian cultural identity and integrity vis a vis the emerging dominance of non-Indian culture over the course of the nineteenth century. The appearance of European settlers in North America altered ... "
Abstract This paper examines how Pan-Africanism is a philosophy or belief that African people have a common bond and share common objectives, aimed ultimately at unifying themselves on their own continent as a dignified race. It points out that the belief has pertained to all black Africans and their descendants in the African continent, including the non-Blacks, and later, those outside the continent. It explores their attempts at expressing a common African personality and coming together as a nation and as one race on their own continent, especially during the period between World War I and World War II.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Method
Summary of Findings and Conclusion
From the Paper "This source describes Pan-Africanism as a socio-political viewpoint and movement for the unification and uplifting of all Africans within the African Continent and outside or those in African diaspora into one global community. It was first conceived of by Henry Sylvester Williams to cover Africans in the Continent and then later broadened to include those throughout the world. Pan-Africanism started in the West Indies, not Africa, and was coined by Williams for his 1900 Pan-African Congress. The leading and largest pan-African movement in the world is the UNIA-ACL organization, founded by Marcus Garvey, an Afro-Jamaican, in Kingston, Jamaica in 1912. His advocacy spread to the United States, specifically to Harlem, New York where he set up his headquarters in 1914. It re-examines African history from a pro-African perspective rather than from a pro-European's and restores traditional African concepts and culture. Other pan-African organizations are Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, Trans-Africa and the Internal Peoples Democratic Uhuru Movement. It is, however, criticized for ignoring or downplaying cultural and ethnic differences and socio-political circumstances among Black peoples worldwide."
Abstract This paper discusses how Guillermo del Toro's "Pan's Labyrinth" assesses the violence and tyranny of the period immediately after the Spanish Civil War through the use of several film genres, including fantasy and drama.
From the Paper "Many film critics and perhaps even Del Toro himself consider the story to be a parable, influenced by fairy tales, and that it addresses historical themes in a way which allows one to gain a better sense of the true magnitude to which the emotional and often physical world of the Spanish people has been disrupted by the Franco leaders. The original Spanish title refers to the mythological fauns of Greek mythology, while the English title refers specifically to the faun-like Greek god Pan (intended to help English-speakers differentiate the title from the term fawn). However, the faun in the film is not Pan. Pan's Labyrinth unfolds through the eyes of Ofelia, a girl who is relocated to a rural military outpost commanded by her new stepfather, fascist Captain Vidal. Powerless and lonely in a place of unfathomable cruelty, Ofelia lives out her own dark fable as she confronts monsters both otherworldly and human."
Abstract This paper reviews Guillermo del Toro's award winning, "Pan's Labyrinth", a Spanish language film about the experiences of the Spanish girl, Ofelia in a fantasy world. The author summarizes the film which has dual settings, one setting is in Spain after the Spanish Civil War, and the other is Ofelia's fantasy world. The author also discusses the important scenes in the movie and how these scenes highlight the themes, masculinity, fascism and the treatment of women in Spain during the time of the Spanish Civil War.
Outline:
Summary of the film
Important scenes
Masculinity
Fascism and condition of women in Spain
From the Paper "The film opens with a scene if which Ofelia is found bleeding on the ground. Then the narration describes the story of a Princess called Moanna in the underground world who escapes from her keepers to enjoy the human world. Princess Moanna eventually dies like all other humans but her father retains the hope that one day his daughter's spirit will return to him. Then the film describes the years that followed the Civil War in Spain. In this period Francisco Franco was in power. Ofelia travels with her pregnant mother to join her stepfather Captain Vidal who is posted in the mountains to fight the rebels. Ofelia meets a fairy which takes her to a faun. The faun calls Ofelia as Princess Moanna and gives her three tasks to complete in order to open the remaining portal and join with her father in the underground world. She completes her first task of retrieving a key from the belly of a giant toad but fails to complete the second task of retrieving an ornate dagger."
