Abstract This paper examines how remote sensing can be broken down to New World and OldWorld. It looks at how New World involves aerial photography from artificial satellites and how OldWorld involves procedures like electromagnetic and resistivity surveying.
From the Paper "The world emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. There are many sources of energy and the most important one is the sun. Satellites mostly portray the land with respect to the electromagnetic spectrum. There can be two types of sensing active and passive sensing. Active sensing involves the satellite to send waveforms that interact with certain parts of the land (including water) and give off different waveforms in the spectrum. The passive sensing involves just reading the waveforms from different sources (like the sun) and portraying them. One advantage of active sensing as opposed to passive is that measurements can be recorded anytime where in passive it has to be done when the naturally occurring energy is available."
Examines the accuracy and biases of European travelers' reports and their impact on OldWorld and New World perceptions. Discusses exploration, politics, economics, settlements, American-Indians, melting pot and institutions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, 1999, $ 63.95
Abstract This research will examine the value of accounts of North America produced by OldWorld visitors from 1610 to 1835. The research will set forth the context in which European travelers produced such accounts and then discuss the impact that the writing had in shaping OldWorld perceptions of America as well as New World views of the emerging American culture.
From the Paper "This research will examine the value of accounts of North America produced by Old World visitors from 1610 to 1835. The research will set forth the context in which European travelers produced such accounts and then discuss the impact that the writing had in shaping Old World perceptions of America as well as New World views of the emerging American culture.
Any discussion of Old World visitors' accounts of North America that predates the American Revolution must begin with the observation that until the successful completion of the Revolution the measure taken of the new land was not necessarily the measure of America but rather of Europe in America. The priorities of European geopolitics, culture, and economics, specifically Europe's needs that the New World could fill and Europe's values that the New World could receive, were almost ..."
Abstract This essay discusses Tom Harpur's argument that the oldworld religions are out to destroy themselves. He shows that these religions are causing many of the world's global problems. Indeed, the old religions seem completely helpless in the face of many of the crises facing the world today.
Abstract This paper examines how, until Christopher Columbus found his way across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, the various biological systems in the OldWorld and the New World were very different and how, since that time, the mix of European and American plants, animals, and diseases has brought about the explosive propagation of species from other lands. It debates whether such mixing and jumbling made it possible for the Americas to be colonized in the years following Columbus.
From the Paper "These ?invaders,? first from Spain and then from other European countries, quickly learned that European crops did not thrive in the Americas, especially in the Caribbean Basin. But their livestock did extremely well, due in part to the lack of large carnivores and the vast quantity of fodder in the fields and meadows. Most of the imported animals prospered, especially the horses, cattle and pigs. In fact, these animals increased at such a rapid rate that many areas of the backcountry swarmed with feral livestock, meaning horses, cattle and pigs that lived as totally undomesticated in the wild."
Abstract In this paper the author takes a different perspective of the Second World War, citing it as not a single armed clash. He looks at the Second World War as a collection of three different conflicts, the Japanese-League war in Southeast Asia and China, the German war in Eastern Europe, and the German-League war in western and central Europe that happened to overlap in time and causes. The author discusses in the paper that despite the different causes, theatres, and strategies of the three conflicts, their simultaneity and their direct challenge to the custom of the global community leads historians and other spectators to classify them as a single worldwide war. He looks at all of the effects of the Second World War on the different participants in terms of political, economic and social issues. In conclusion, the author addresses how in destroying the oldworld order, the Second World War demanded the formation of a new world order, one shaped by the triumphant, defeated, and neutral powers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Home Front
Social Solutions
Political Maneuvering
Military Strategies and Operations
Conclusion
From the Paper "Many pieces of reorganization legislation were rolled back in wartime. A longer working day was reestablished to boost industrial productivity. The federal government made anti-trust legislation a very low precedence. In order to struggle the labor shortage, child labor laws and women's labor regulations were overlooked. With very little public protest, the number of high school dropouts increased notably. During the war, the teenage workforce grew from 1 million to 3 million; about 1 million of these novel workers had dropped out of high school. Traditional politicians had fought against these agencies when they were established, but now that FDR was focusing on winning a war as a substitute of reforming society, they could slash funding for the CCC, WPA, and National Youth Administration (NYA). These programs had always been intended to help those who would be hired last even in favorable economic conditions, so their cease was especially ####### blacks, women, and the elderly."
A discussion of the discovery of the New World by Columbus with an emphasis on the exchange of diseases between the Native Americans and the Europeans.
Abstract This paper examines how the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492 changed the the geography of the world with an entire new continent appearing on maps of what would soon be seen as a globe instead of a flat surface. In particular it looks at how the geography of known disease also changed as OldWorld diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza found a new population with no immunity because it had had no exposure to these diseases before. It examines how this effect became known as the Columbian Exchange and evaluates the result of this exchange of diseases between the Native Americans and the Europeans.
From the Paper "To this day there are arguments among researchers about the presence or absence of some diseases in the population of the New world, such as tuberculosis and syphilis. These may or may not have been found among the population before Columbus. Recent research suggests that there was some sort of "tuberculosis-like pathology" in the population before 1492, though it was of a type not associated with pulmonary disease. There was also a relatively benign nonvenereal (meaning not sexually transmitted) treponemal infection that was related to syphilis. There is no evidence, however, that either disease was at all widespread in either North or South America. Recent studies conducted in great detail show that large-scale sedentary societies in the Americas, where such diseases could have taken hold, did not."
Abstract This paper, written from a religious Christian perspective, attempts to show that the New Testament writings can be seen as the direct fulfillment of Old Testament Messianic prophesy. The author acknowledges the many problematic issues that surround the theological relationship between the teachings of Christ in the New Testament and the Old Testament Messianic vision. This paper, however, focuses on what the author considers to be the many prophetic statements of the Old Testament regarding a Messiah. Several examples of these statements are given in the text, with most coming from the Book of Isaiah.
Outline:
Introduction
Old Testament Messianic Prophesies
Genesis and Early Prophetic Statement in the Old Testament
Lineage
Isaiah
The Son of God: Psalms and Proverbs
God Nature
Daniel
The fulfillment of Messianic Prophesies in the New Testament
Conclusion
From the Paper "It is also an important part of the discussion of this subject to be aware of the complexities and problematics of a direct and overly simplistic linkage between Old Testament prophetic statements about the Messiah and the image and message of Jesus Christ in the New Testament texts. As the above quotation indicates, the Old Testament Messianic vision is largely related to the future history of the Jewish people and has historic and political connotations. While these problematics are largely outside of the parameters of this study as such, yet it is also important to take note of the fact that important Old Testament prophets like Isaiah saw the Messiah in possibly a different light to the way that Jesus is portrayed in the New Testament. For example, a study of the prophecies of Isaiah by Patterson (1953) states the following. "
Tags:Old, Testament, Messiah, predictions, savior, Jesus
Abstract This paper looks at the differences between the patterns of Spain and Portugal's conquest and colonization of the New World attributed not to intrinsic differences between nations but to coincidental factors and the concerns of the Portuguese with their 'OldWorld Empire.'
From the Paper "The differing patterns of colonisation and exploitation between the powers of Spain and Portugal can be largely attributed to circumstantial and geographical factors encountered. In order to progress to an analysis of the differences visible in the 16th century, the patterns manifest must be disclosed. Firstly, it must be understood that the colonisation and exploitation of the New World was largely the affair of the Spanish, following the discovery made by Columbus in 1493. Whilst Portugal, as dictated by the Line of Demarcation, laid claim to the coastline of Brazil, it failed to encourage colonisation and conquest to any great extent before the 1530s; thus accounting for the phase 1500-30 being dubbed by McAlister as the ?period of neglect.? This was instigated not by indolence on the part of the Portuguese, but primarily by the fact that their "Old World Empire" called upon the finite quantities of resources and manpower available to a country with a population estimated at little more than one million inhabitants, and secondarily by the difficulties posed by the environmental features of Brazil itself and the circumstances within which Cabral made his discovery. The Spanish therefore dominated the exploration, conquest and colonisation of America during the 16th century, so that by the 1560s the major civilisations of the New World and valuable lands found therein lay beneath an Imperial power. Post 1530, however, the Portuguese sought to exploit the potentials of Brazil more fully - the reasons for their lack of success in contrast to the Spanish encourages a comparative approach in trying to explain the varying patterns of colonisation and exploitation found within the Americas during the 16th century. What will emerge is the hypothesis that there were abundant similarities between the Spanish and Portuguese states which far outweighed the differences - indeed the largest difference appeared to be simply, but importantly, one of size. This places pressure upon the historian to seek an explanation to account for the differing patterns to be seen in the New World in terms of the inter-related processes of exploration, conquest and colonisation. The answer is to be found in the circumstances, conditions, and contexts faced by the Portuguese and the Spanish. In this light extrinsic factors, often not subject to an initial state manipulation, were responsible for the patterns of colonisation and nature of conclusions evident in the Americas."
Abstract This paper explores and analyzes the main theme in James Fennimore Cooper's "The Last of the Mohicans" and explains how he used the symbol of blood to illustrate the seriousness of the change brought upon the New World by the arrival of the Europeans.
From the Paper "Cooper uses blood to stand for a number of different ideas in the book. It serves, first of all, as a symbol for knowledge and even more specifically for the ways in which we come to know our way in the world ? how things come to be "in our blood". When European settlers came to America in the 17th century, they found themselves in a world that was entirely alien to them. They had neither literal maps to the country nor any metaphorical ones to understand their relationship to new kinds of plants and animals, new kinds of soil to be hoed and planted, new kinds of people who spoke in languages unheard to them and prayed to gods that they knew nothing at all about. And in the midst of this disorientation, they turned to the one thing that they knew tied them absolutely and irrevocably to the past ? specifically to their own past but also to the past of the world: The blood that ran in their veins and that connected them to their homes and their families, to the safe and the familiar. By looking to the blood ties, they looked backward to home."
Abstract In Yeats's "When You Are Old," the speaker addresses a woman by telling her to imagine her future based on her past and her relationship with the speaker. This paper analyzes the speaker's attitude toward the woman and how that attitude is conveyed through the poem's form, diction, imagery and tone.
From the Paper "William Butler Yeats' poem, "When You Are Old," depicts an old woman looking back over her life and regretting having forsaken the love of the poem's speaker. Yeats' careful attention to stylistic elements allows him to incorporate a great deal of meaning into this brief poem. Yeats' narrator addresses the woman many years prior to the scene that he describes, apparently hoping to convince her to avoid this fate by choosing him over her many other suitors. Through a stylistic consistency in which each of the poem's form, diction, imagery, and tone all increase in complexity and venture further into abstraction as the poem proceeds, Yeats conveys the speaker's complicated attitude toward the woman. The end result is a poem which concisely and deftly relates the speaker's desire for the woman while simultaneously expressing his attitude that she is susceptible to flattery and manipulation."
Abstract This paper examines the way in which Hemingway uses Christ imagery to characterize Santiago in his novel, "The Old Man and the Sea." The paper explains how Hemingway emphasizes the power of suffering.
From the Paper "On the surface Ernest Hemingway's novella "The Old Man and the Sea" appears to be a rather simple story about an old fisherman and his struggles on the open sea. If one delves deeper into the narrative, however, it becomes apparent that Hemingway's intent is much more complex. Indeed the way in which the author utilizes religious symbolism within the novella works to effectively convey his main theme, namely, man's ability to endure through hardships and the nobility of such struggles."
Tags: hemingway, old man and the sea, santiago, christ, crucifixion, religious, symbolism, suffering, sacrifice, nobility
Abstract In this essay, the writer reviews some of the main topics addressed in "Old Testament Prophecy: From Oracle to Canon" by Ronald E. Clements. The writer discusses the written preservation of prophecy leading to the apocalyptic and interpretive methodology.
From the Paper "Ronald E. Clements' Old Testament Prophecy From Oracles to Canon is a collection of Clements' formerly published writings. The essays pertain to the study of the prophetic corpus of the Old Testament. The essays are arranged in the book in canonical order with Clements' providing insights on a variety of significant issues being debated among the community of theology scholars. Old Testament Prophecy is structured in seven parts including and introduction and the following parts devoted to the prophets and prophecies Prophet King and Messiah ... "
Tags: Ronald E. Clements, Israel, religion, scripture, Jesus, Isaiah, messianic, apocalyptic, Mark, Old Testament, New Testament, scholarship, theology
Abstract The author of the paper makes a study of the stereotypes associated with old age. Through an interview with an elderly woman, the writer attempts to show how these stereotypes are reflected in the subject of his interview. The writer attempts to show that making assumptions regarding a particular person on the basis of stereotypes or pre-formed conclusions can often lead us to make unjustified assumptions regarding individuals and categories of people.
From the Paper "Mrs. N--defied a number of stereotypes about the elderly during the interview, and also one research study which noted: "Gerontologists have long noted that people tend to disassociate themselves from the category of being old" (Jones 2006: 79). Mrs. N--did refer to herself as old, saying that she had experienced a loss, mainly because of her accident, and she blamed herself to some degree for the accident, saying that if she had been as sharp as she had been in her youth she would never have been caught by surprise. However, her refusal to go to an assisted living community because she did not want to only be around old people all of the time, or told when to eat and sleep--'being around a mix of old and young, children and people my age is natural, which you don't get in one of those senior places'--did show some defiance of the aging process. Overall, while her positive memories and portrayal of her struggles as a young woman could be read as a positivity bias, typical of older adults who want or need to remember the past as 'better' or fulfilling when gazing upon the next life stage, Mrs. N-- seemed to have a strongly realistic yet positive view of the world and her future years as an 'older person' that might be comforting to many people facing old age (Quinn, Mather, & Carstensen 2004:208)"
Abstract A discussion about the controversies surrounding the IMF and World Bank. The debt trap, the (Structural Adjustment Plans) SAPs and the unequal distribution of the votes are the main criticisms among IMF and World Bank opponents. The paper shows that there is need for reforms and change, and it also explains that both institutions are necessary in today's globalized world as they did help and improve living standards in many cases. The writer points out, however, that both institutions, especially the World Bank have already started to reform its organization as a response to the protester's demands. This means that the World Bank realized that some arguments of the opponents actually do concern. It concludes to explain that the World Bank now is among the world's largest external funder of education, health (HIV/AIDS) and environment projects.
1. Introduction
1.1. The Rise of the IMF and World Bank
1.2. The International Monetary Fund
1.3. The World Bank
2. Why are the Activities of IMF and World Bank so Controversial?
2.1. Poverty
2.2. The Debt Trap
2.3. The Structural Adjustment Plans (Saps)
2.3.1. Austerity Programs
2.3.2. Privatisation
2.3.3. Environment
2.4. Voting Rights
2.5. The Human Rights Issue
3. Conclusion
4. Reference List
From the Paper "In July 1944 the so-called Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, USA established the IMF together with the World Bank, originally called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). These two organisations were the outcome of long negotiations between 44 nations during World War II in order to ensure post-war global economic growth and to eliminate the aggressive exchange rates politics of the 30s. "The task of the IMF would be to maintain order in the international monetary system and that of the World Bank would be to promote general economic growth" (Hill, 2003:340). Furthermore, with the establishment of both organisations the member states aspired for reforms of international economic relations and an expansion of world trade."
Tags: adjustment, bank, debt, economy, fund, global, globalisation, globalization, imf, international, monetary, plans, poverty, structural, trap, world
This paper analyzes the impact of 'globalization' on labor conditions in third world countries in reference to the work of the World Bank, the International Labor Organization and 'anti-sweatshop' campaigners.
Abstract This paper examines how global economic forces enable sections of third world society to be more easily exploited. It investigates how the first world does not play on a level playing field by using the Multi-Fibre Agreement. The views of protesters, the World Bank, and others are reviewed. The paper ends by touching upon future developments, such as the impact of China becoming a full member of the World Trade Organization.
From the Paper "During the past three decades, remarkable internationalisation of the world economy has taken place. This process has become known as globalisation. Globalisation can be defined as "The increasing integration of national economies into expanding international markets" (Todaro: 1997). Neo-liberal authors and institutions, such as the IMF, state that globalisation is driven by four main factors; free market ideology; technological breakthroughs in communication; the shifting of economic activity to the developing world; and the opening up of previously closed borders. These factors of globalisation have inevitably led to changes in conditions of labour in third world employment. Here we will look at what the changes have been. We will then examine the views taken on these conditions by 'anti-sweatshop' campaigners, and the response of the International Labour Organisation and the World Bank."
