Abstract This paper looks at the OklahomaCitybombing. The paper first examines the facts, based on published information and investigations, about the pre-bombing preparedness of the federal, state and local officials on the date of the bombing. The paper then discusses the emergency disaster response to the bombing by the respective official agencies at the local, state and federal levels.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Before April 19, 1995
Emergency Response on April 19, 1995
Profile of a Domestic Terrorist
Conclusion
From the Paper "Would Terry Nichols have withheld the name of the unidentified John Doe alleged by some witnesses to have been with McVeigh on the day of the bombing? Only if, as a conspirator, as a disgruntled American convinced that he was guaranteed the right to revolution under the Constitution of the United States, and because Nichols already knew that he would not receive the death penalty it is very possible that there exists a third man that has gone unidentified. Or whom the FBI is still investigating and, therefore, the element of withholding information on such a suspect would still be rational and logical and acceptable."
Abstract This paper is in the form of a book review of "Rural Radicals: From Bacon's Rebellion to the OklahomaCityBombing", by Catherine McNicol Stock. The author provides a synopsis of the book, reviews the author's main ideas, and offers a critical analysis of them.
An in depth examination of the 1995 bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in OklahomaCity. Analyzes the evidence and expert claims concerning both the One Bomb Theory and the Multiple Bomb Theory.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, 1995, $ 87.95
From the Paper "Purpose Statement
The purpose of this analysis is to present an alternative interpretation of what actually happened in Oklahoma City. This discussion draws together the evidence that two or more explosions took place in the Alfred P. Murrah federal building. If such evidence proves to be credible then the federal government's one-bomb theory is thrown into serious question, and this terrorist act would have to be completely re-examined.
On April, 19, 1995, powerful explosions destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. One hundred sixty-eight people died as a result of this terrorist attack (Quayle, 1995). Within hours the FBI had captured a suspect named Timothy McVeigh and within days they arrested an army friend of his, named Terry Nichols, as an alleged accomplice. The FBI and ..."
Abstract This paper discusses how domestic terrorism is typically underestimated, particularly in the United States. It explains that, in most cases, when a terrorist attack occurs, the first reaction is to assume that it was committed by foreigners, which was the case with the OklahomaCitybombing. This paper reviews trends of domestic terrorism in the United States in an effort to explain the actions of terrorist groups in this country.
Domestic Terrorism
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. About Domestic Terrorism
IV. Theories on Terrorism
V. Conclusion
From the Paper "The September 11 terrorists attacks, which were executed by foreigners, may have been the biggest and deadliest terrorist plot ever executed in the United States, Americans were responsible for approximately 75 percent of the 335 incidents between 1980 and 2000 that the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) has classified as suspected or confirmed terrorism (Council on Foreign Relations, 2003). The most well-known example of domestic terrorism is the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, which killed 168 people and injured more than 500.
Domestic terrorism has existed within the political and social structure of the United States, in many ways, since this country was founded (Presley, 1996). The terms 'terrorism' and 'terrorist' were first used during the French Revolution in a positive-sense reference to the actions of the Jacobins, members of the violent radical democrats in France during the revolution of 1789. Since then, these words have since been used to describe a variety of negative, extreme and violent actions against the government and society (Wardlow, 1989, p. 19)."
A look at court evidence which suggests that the Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols did not act alone in the planning of the bombing of the OklahomaCity federal building.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, 2000, $ 39.95
Abstract This paper discusses the widespread belief that Timothy McVeigh didn?t act alone in blowing up the OklahomaCity federal building. The belief is that he and Nichols plotted the event with "others unknown". The paper looks at the evidence presented in court, including reports from eyewitnesses and the initial reaction from the government, that seems to back up this idea.
From the Paper "Timothy McVeigh was convicted of setting off the April 19, 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, and his ex-Army buddy, Terry Nichol, was convicted of assisting him. McVeigh was sentenced to death; Nichols, to life imprisonment and a third man, Michael Fortier is serving a 12-year sentence for not warning authorities about the plot. As plans are being made for McVeigh's execution debates and lawsuits ensue over the public's right to see the closed-circuit broadcast planned for victims and relatives, some argue that a pervasive reason for not executing McVeigh is the loss of the possible opportunity in the future that he might be persuaded to name other accomplices."
Tags: conspiracy, theory, law, prosecute, witness, government
Abstract This paper examines the work of the committee on Government Reform and Oversight ("the Committee") which was created for the specific purpose of analyzing and evaluating the application and administration of federal laws. It looks at its contribution in the investigation of the FBI siege and consequent tragedy at Waco where many people died because federal law enforcement took such an aggressive stance against a cult group in Texas. It also evaluates its role in the aftermath of the April 19, 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in OklahomaCity that killed 168 persons. It evaluates how the Committee conducted its investigation on the assumption that some particular person or persons, or branch or branches of the government, were responsible for the failed raid.
From the Paper "The federal government's investigation of the bombing of the Murrah building in Oklahoma City focused the public's attention on militia movements in the United States and the potential threat to public safety presented by some of its adherents. The Oklahoma City bombing occurred on the second anniversary of the Waco fire. The anti-government ravings of its perpetrators encouraged the Committee to re-open the investigation into what happened in Waco. However, the Committee's willingness to link in the public's mind the bombing in Oklahoma City and the actions of federal law enforcement in Waco gave credence to the tenets of patriot-style groups linked to the Oklahoma City bombing and eroded public confidence in federal law enforcement."
Abstract This paper is an argument in favor of the death penalty. The author uses several examples to support his position, including the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States and the OklahomaCitybombings in 1991. The author looks at how, since colonial times, it has become progressively more difficult to be sentenced to death. The author also presents evidence that the death penalty does serve as a deterrent for some criminals. The author also states that especially since September 11 there has been a change in many people's feelings about capital punishment, and this evolution needs to be acknowledged when deciding when to apply the death penalty.
From the Paper "Once upon a time the things for which you could be sentenced to death were not so heinous. For example, in colonial America, ?offenses such as striking one's mother or father, or denying the "true God," were punishable by death.? However, that is no longer the case. Surely if we had such small crimes, no one in this modern age would care. But today we have ?More executions now per year than in any single year between 1600 and 1880.? Why? Because today there are more criminals that deserve to die. There is no state today where deny God can get you executed. The only capital crimes in America are murder along with (in various states) kidnapping, narcotics conspiracies, and treason. Despite the fact that we have more executions now than ever before, there is still a decrease in real punishment. ?Indeed, a calculating criminal might look at the extreme rarity of the death penalty and thereby be encouraged in his murderous course.? While we executed criminals every year, there are thousands more we fail to execute, and thousands more that spend the entirety of their natural lives on death row appealing their fates. This is not right."
Abstract The paper considers the use of non-fiction in two pieces, one an observation and the other a recollection. The first is "Talk of the Town: September 11, 2001" by John Updike, and the second is "Life in OklahomaCity" by Ralph Ellison. The paper describes how the Updike piece is about his witnessing of the 9-11 attack on the World Trade Center from his window and the Ellison piece is about his development as a writer.
From the Paper "The two nonfiction pieces by John Updike and Ralph Ellison relate directly to the society of their time and to their own responses to that society. Each writer shows himself to be part of a community he values, and each community is tested by some of the forces of the time. The society described by Updike is more familiar to us all because it is more recent and because even if we were not in New York on 9/11, we may feel as if we were, because we saw on television the same thing he saw from his window. Indeed, he states at the outset that he saw the events of that day as if he were watching television, for television is a window on the world in some cases, making people who see real events experience a certain distance from the reality before them."
Abstract A research essay on terrorism at its most terrifying. In a concise but thorough fashion, this paper explores: the destruction brought about by the bomb, the terrorists behind the bombing and key factors leading up to it, the aftermath of the bombing and what the U.S. is doing to prevent such future disasters.
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Tags: ben, city, crime, disaster, essay, laden, new, osama, prevention, research, terrorist, us, worldwide, york
Abstract The writer of this paper puts forth the opinion against the use of the A-bomb against the Japanese cities at the end of World War Two. The writer states humanitarian and political reasons why these bombings did not serve the greater purpose of the United States in the long term.
From the Paper "In the last sixty years many new discoveries and innovations have been made, but none has been more revolutionary or controversial than the Atomic Bomb. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the atomic bomb development during the World War II. The project allowed the United States to unlock the mysteries of the atom, but it also introduced the most destructive weapon the world has ever known.(Miguel A. Bracchini) For the better part of a century the world has feared that the one day it would come to an all out nuclear war. That fear is justly so, because if such a war would ever occur no one would survive. For this reason we should try harder for peace, especially in a time when we have the power to destroy the earth several times over with the push of a button."
Abstract This paper describes the atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The writer gives statistics in order to highlight the devastation. Also included is an eye-witnesses' testimony. The paper concludes by posing moral questions about the bombing of innocent civilians.
From the Paper "It was on August 6th, in the year 1945, at 8.15 AM, Japanese time, that the United States of America dropped its first ever atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, so that its usefulness to the enemy could be completely destroyed. According to the then President of the United States, the bomb "...had more power than 20,000 tones of TNT ", and it was also infinitely more powerful than the blast power that the British Grand Slam, purportedly the largest bomb in the history of the world, had. The immediate and direct consequence of the bomb was that more than four square miles of the entire city of Hiroshima were completely and irrevocably destroyed, 66,000 people were killed instantaneously, and 69,000 more were seriously injured. Three days later, another atomic bomb, equally powerful, was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, Japan, and this bomb managed to destroy about 1.5 square miles of the city, and kill about 39,000 people, while injuring 25,000 more. The very next day, the Japanese government asked to surrender, under the 'Potsdam Declaration'. "
Tags: World, War, II, atomic, bomb, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Japan, surrender
This research paper is a description of the progression of the Manhattan Project, the undercover name for the building of the first atomic bomb by scientists.
Abstract This is a detailed study describing the progression of the Manhattan Project and the invention of the atomic bomb. The "Manhattan Project" was a code name given to the efforts and collaboration of many scientists to build the first atom bomb. The author sees two major challenges that faced the team of highly capable scientists. The first was the actual production of the atom bomb. This involved actually making innovative discoveries that would revolutionize war and change man's idea of war for good. The second involved all of the ethical debates on whether or not the bomb should have actually been used in warfare. The author concludes that the building of the atomic bomb proved to be the most pivotal advance seen by science up until the early twentieth century.
From the Paper "We have too many men of science, too few men of God. We have grasped the mystery of the atom and rejected the Sermon of the Mount...The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. We know more about war than we know about peace, more about killing than we know about living...? stated General Omar N. Bradley, Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1948, voicing the opinion, shared by many of the time, towards the building of the atomic bomb. The "Manhattan Project" was a code name given to the efforts and collaboration of many scientists to build the first atom bomb. There were two major challenges that faced the team of highly capable scientists. The first was the actual production of the atom bomb. This involved actually making innovative discoveries that would revolutionize war and change man's idea of war for good. The second involved all of the ethical debates on whether or not the bomb should have actually been used in warfare. The project lasted from 1942-1946 and cost approximately 1.8 billion dollars, which is comparable to 20 billion dollars today. The building of the atomic bomb proved to be the most pivotal advance seen by science up until the early twentieth century."
Tags: Manhattan, Project, World, War, II, atomic, bomb, invention
Abstract This paper uses the historical novel "Slaughter-House-Five" by Kurt Vonnegut to illustrate the effects of the Dresden Bombing during World War II. Not only is the book historical fiction, evidently based on true events, but most of the events are based on specific happenings. Vonnegut illustrates the life of a soldier during the war. His writing shows the destruction that occurs during this time
for both sides. Vonnegut writes of the war both objectively and truthfully, telling of each nation's soldiers, the effects of war on them, the brutality of the war, and the bombing of Dresden. The paper concludes that Vonnegut's writing, along with eyewitness accounts presented, show the true devastation of the Dresden Bombing.
From the Paper "Slaughter-House-Five is a historical novel that tells of World War II, specifically the Dresden Bombing. Through a combination of both historical and science fiction, Kurt Vonnegut illustrates the life of a soldier during the war. Vonnegut writes about the war in an unbiased manner giving different views about its participants and attacks. His strong voice is not, however, diminished by his objectivity. Vonnegut writes of the war both objectively and truthfully, telling of each nation's soldiers, the effects of war on them, the brutality of the war, and the bombing of Dresden."
Abstract This paper suggests that the development of the atomic bomb is arguably the most important technical innovation of the twentieth century. The author explains the technical achievement of the atomic bomb. The paper examines some of its socio-cultural effects, namely creating a world in which the end of all human civilization became a real possibility.
From the Paper "There will be no argument that the 20th century had been characterized by incredible technical innovation and invention. Perhaps more so than any century previously, the 20th century was a particularly ripe period for technology. At a rapidly accelerating pace, it seemed that inventors were creating new technologies that were important - and seemingly indispensable - the world over. However, there was one specific technological development during the 20th century whose development should be understood as more important and influential than the rest."
Abstract This paper discusses Phenix City in Russell County, Alabama, otherwise known as "Sin City, USA." The paper discusses the history of illegal activity in Phenix City and how the city became a haven for criminals. The paper then goes on to describe the efforts to clean up Phenix City and how its image has begun to evolve over time. The paper concludes by discussing the name of the city, "Phenix."
Table of Contents:
I. A.K.A.
"Once Known as "Sin City"
II. Commonplace Sins
A Haven for Hellish Activities?
Cleaning Up Phenix City III. The name, "Phenix"
Excuses and Reasons
From the Paper "Hugh Bentley, a layman, decided to try to fire the churches into action against the sin and criminal activity in 1946. Bentley stressed that Phenix City's problem was a moral one and that until the moral breakdown was changed, things would not improve. January 9, 1951, Bentley's house was blown up with thirty-six sticks of dynamite, however, neither he nor any of his family was seriously injured."
"In 1954, Albert Patterson, a sixty-year-old Phenix City lawyer, adopted his campaign crusade to be cleaning Phenix City's gambling machine. At this time, Phenix City was described by Life Magazine as the "wickedest city in the United States, . . . everything from gambling to murder to arson to fraud." (Ibid.) June 1, 1954, Patterson won the Democratic primary."
