Abstract This paper discusses the development of motor skills for appropriate ages and discerns the benefits of a physical education program for developing these skills. It also demonstrates the direct connection between physical education programs and the proper and full development of motor skills in contemporary society, with reference to some specific programs that have been developed and utilized to achieve this objective.
From the Paper "Physical education is often given a secondary place in the educational services of our schools, as if it were a good thing but one that could be dispensed with if necessary. In truth, physical education is an essential component of childhood development. Consider just the development of motor skills in young children and how this is effected and improved by a program of physical education in schools. Children do develop motor skills naturally through activity and play, but physical education programs help channel childhood energy and assure that these necessary skills are acquired and honed. This is more important in a more sedentary era such as we live in today, a time when many children engage in less after-school play on their own and so need the concentrated activity a physical education program provides."
Abstract This paper examines the different aspects of Jenny Craig Inc. and its highly successful diet plan in order to determine its overwhelming international success. The paper outlines the plan's philosophy, including the importance of healthy eating, exercise and lifestyle changes. The author discusses the regular meetings that each client attends, the one-on-one consultations, structured eating program, supplements and stringent calorie requirements. The paper points out that this program is extremely structured and that the counselors undergo many hours of training including weekly and monthly sessions with medical personnel. The paper feels that this has contributed to its success, but does point out that, due to the highly structured nature of the program, many people fail to maintain their successes after they leave the confines of the center's program.
From the Paper "Jenny Craig emphasizes the essentials of activity and an active life. It stresses that regular physical activity is the top factor in losing and maintaining body weight. And when one is active, metabolism increases, more calories are burned and muscle mass maintained. those who become active tend to prefer healthy foods. And when one's lifestyle is active, the common consequences are improved immune function, better hormone balance, and reduced risk to heart disease, diabetes and osteoporosis. Because of the increased energy and improved self-esteem, such clients or members begin o lead an active lifestyle."
From the Paper "The subject of this paper is the effects of breast-feeding on infant nutrition and development as compared to the effects of bottle feeding. The issue of breast-feeding versus bottle feeding has been greatly debated by scientists, pediatricians and parents. Determining the benefits of breast-feeding infants is critical in enabling parents to make an informative choice when deciding to breast-feed or bottle feed their infants. Some scientists have found that breast milk contains elements that provide greater immunity to infants than formula milk, thus preventing them from getting infections (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 169). Furthermore, there is a close association between maternal-infant bonding and breast-feeding (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 169). Breast-feeding requires constant intimate physical contact between the mother and infant. After birth, the mother needs the..."
From the Paper "Introduction
The soft drink industry is a highly visible consumer market with competitors such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo pursuing international marketing strategies. These beverages can be purchased at retail stores and consumed in the home, on the road, or in offices; in addition, soft (non-alcoholic) beverages can be consumed in restaurants and other establishments (such as convenience stores) where they are sold in cups or mugs rather than bottles. According to Michael Porter's analysis, substitute products have a direct effect on the competitive environment of a particular industry, and this is particularly true in the soft beverage market. Intense competition occurs at the individual product level, such as the so-called Cola Wars between Coke and Pepsi, but there is also competition among various types of products as consumers ..."
Abstract "Inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and delay of mammary tumorigenesis by flavonoids and citrus juices" by So, Guthrie, Chambers, Moussa, and Carroll (1996) reports that in women from developed countries, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer; incidence is increasing worldwide at an average rate of approximately two percent annually.
From the Paper "NUTRITION & CANCER
Introduction
"Inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and delay of mammary tumorigenesis by flavonoids and citrus juices" by So, Guthrie, Chambers, Moussa, and Carroll (1996) reports that in women from developed countries, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer; incidence is increasing worldwide at an average rate of approximately two percent annually. Chemotherapeutic techniques fail to reduce death rates from cancers of the breast, lung, brain, colon, prostate, ovary, and pancreas. Studies on diet and cancer offer information regarding naturally occurring anticancer agents. Research concludes that plant-based diets with whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables reduce risk of cancer. Carotenes and antioxidant vitamins may act as anticancer ..."
Abstract This paper explores the need for safe weight loss and healthy eating as opposed to the fad diets often featured on television, in newspapers and in magazines. It compares and contrasts two different weight-loss strategies with two different approaches to reducing diets -the diet plans devised by Dr Robert Atkins, which focus on reducing carbohydrate intake and the programs devised by diet gurus such as Dr Dean Ornish in the USA and Rosemary Conley in the UK, which focus on an ultra-low fat intake as the best way to lose weight. It examines the evidence for and against these approaches to reduction dieting as opposed to the myriad of fad diets available such as diet pills and drinks.
From the Paper "The diet industry globally makes millions of dollars each year. Brands such as Slim-Fast, Slimmers World and Weight Watchers are household names throughout the world and a new diet craze surfaces every few months, helped along by media coverage and the cult of celebrity as A-list stars and lesser mortals in the public eye rush to promote themselves as perfect beings with lifestyles worth emulating. The latest figures published by the US government show a rising incidence of weight problems in the USA with 31 per cent of adults now classed as obese, along with almost 15 per cent of those aged between six and 19, plus 10 per cent of preschool children."
Tags: obesity, healthcare, system, dietary, regimes, body, mass, index
Abstract For years, chocolate has been looked down upon as unhealthy, deemed a candy, slapped with myths and fallacies and prohibited from small children. This paper attempts to prove otherwise by showing how chocolate has been shown to lift depression, help your heart and aid alertness among other benefits and if used properly, chocolate can be a delicacy and a medicine. It examines all aspects of chocolate possible from its production from the cocoa bean, to physiological effects on the brain and body to side effects such as obesity and dental problems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Brief Review of Cocoa
The Cacao Tree (Theobrom Cacao)
What is in the Cocoa Bean?
Making and Eating Chocolate
State of the Art of Cocoa
Is Cocoa Good for You?
Burden of Proof
Chocolate as a Fat
Effects on Blood Lipids
What is OK?
Chocolate, Health and Disease
Chocolate Craving
Migraine
Toxicity
Immune Function
Allergy
Other Disorders
Behavior
Antioxidants
Caffeine
Dental Caries
Migraines
Obesity
Serum Cholesterol
Heart Health
Conclusions
From the Paper "Cocoa takes it a step further though. Not only does it provide energy for our actions. It supplies chemicals for our personalities and moods. Modern psychology leads us to believe that every thought, every idea that pops into our head is simultaneously a biological reaction. This biological reaction takes the form of chemical processes within our brains. Our mind then interprets these chemical compounds as thoughts, ideas, smells, tastes, touch, etc. Our thoughts, or chemicals compounds within our brain can determine how we feel, our motivation, our goals, our entire lives hinge upon our thoughts, for what are we but what we do. And before we do anything, we must think it. We must have considered it at some point or been subconsciously predisposed to an action or idea."
Abstract The paper discusses how the beef industry is the largest sector in American agriculture and has many detrimental effects on the environment. Americans typically eat large quantities of red meat and consequently have a high rate of heart disease and obesity. The paper includes statistics from the American Heart Association, the Center for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. Furthermore, it shows that working conditions in meatpacking plants are among the most dangerous of any industry in the country. This paper also examines the inhumane treatment of cattle. Lastly, it provides alternatives and solutions for the environmental and human health problems associated with beef production, including pasture-based farming and grassfed beef.
From the Paper "T-Bone, Porterhouse, Ribeye, Skirt Steak, Center-cut Sirloin, Chuck Roast, Tenderloin?any one of these items could rightly bear the title of ?All-American Entree.? Or how about a steamy rack of ribs, smothered in hickory-smoked barbeque sauce? Prime rib, with a little horseradish and a baked potato on the side? Meaty five alarm chili topped with Monterey jack? The American taste for beef knows no bounds. Each year, the US produces more beef than any other nation in the world, consuming an average of 116.7 lbs per capita. Compared with an average of only 68.4 lbs of poultry, and 47.8 lbs of pork per capita eaten each year in America, it is fair to say that we have a cultural preference toward eating cows. No other country boasts menu items like the 1 lb hamburger topped with cheddar, swiss, and grilled onions at Fuddrucker's Restaurants, or the 72-ounce top sirloin at the Big Texan Steakhouse in Amarillo, TX. Finish it, and they"ll pick up the tab for you. With this kind of love for beef, it is no wonder the US red meat industry produced 26,492 lbs in 1999, making it the largest sector of our agricultural economy. But beef doesn"t stop at the table?aside from gelatin, beef by-products are used in pharmaceuticals, adhesives and anti-corrosives, just to name a few. A closer look at the mass production and consumption of red meat in America today reveals alarming situations both environmentally and in terms of human health. Technical developments in cattle-raising practices involve the use of hormones and antibiotics and consequently trying to push animals past their normal biological functions. Natural resources are taxed by beef production, and the broad picture illustrates a high degree of inefficiency. Modern meatpacking plants are not keeping pathogens out of the beef, and working conditions are far too dangerous. The entire system, from the ranch, to the feedlot, to the slaughterhouse, to the store, restaurant, and plate, is riddled with problems. It is time we find alternatives to help alleviate this American beef dilemma."
Discusses the pos & cons of commercials aimed at young children. Examines first Amendment, ethical & health issues, popularity of junk food, vulnerability of children to ad messages, products and research.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 5 sources, 1988, $ 79.95
From the Paper " The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pros and cons of junk-food ads targeted at children under 10. Each year American's consume millions of dollars of what has come to be known as "junk food." The crowds of people that line up at fast-food restaurants to buy Big Macs and Whoppers are evidence that these products are growing in popularity. Americans have discovered the appeal of fast food. It is convenient (you don't need to cook or wait for hours to be served), it is relatively inexpensive, it has a pleasing flavor, and it does fill you up.
Fast foods are just one form of junk food. There are also the sugary cereals such as Frosted Flakes and Sugar Pops, dessert snacks such as Twinkies and cupcakes, and the salted snacks such as potato chips and Doritos. Many of these products have been around for a long time, some more than 20 years."
Abstract The paper shows that of the wide array of alcoholic beverages in the commercial market, wine and beer proved to be the most popular and well received by consumers. Aside from the social role that alcoholic beverages play in peoples? lives, alcoholic beverages have also health effects on the body. The health effect of wine and beer on the human health and body is the main focus of this paper. In enumerating and defining the health effects of these two popular alcoholic beverages, a comparative analysis is made of the effects of wine and beer as alcoholic beverages and their health benefits.
From the Paper "Wine consumption in moderate amounts is also encouraged because it reduces the amount of LDL, or the "bad cholesterol" in our bodies. Through wine drinking, these LDL present in out bodies will be reduced, thereby reducing the risks and danger these components pose to our health. Wine drinking also increases the amount of HDL cholesterol, the "good cholesterol" in the human body. Another essential component in preventing cardiovascular diseases is the presence of omega-3 fatty acids in wine, particularly red wine. It was reported that high levels of these omega-3 fatty acids in the cholesterol could result to favorable effects against the development of cardiovascular diseases in the body (Thomas 2002). Thus, wine drinking helps prevent the increase of cardiovascular disease because of the health benefits of its alcohol content, wherein components in it play a vital role in combating the onslaught of hear-related diseases and ailments."
Abstract This paper provides insight into the social causes of Anorexia Nervosa and its influence in the adolescent community. Furthermore, a relationship between the disease and its classification in educational circles as a disability is established. Also, a consideration of successful methods for managing the disease in an educational context is discussed. Finally, special options for adolescents that suffer from the disease is evaluated.
From the Paper "Popular culture defines the dominance of physical appearance in daily life, and as a result, many people develop a poor self-image because they do not possess a thin physique or do not resemble their favorite celebrity or model that attracts a tremendous amount of media attention. Therefore, in order to become as thin as possible, the public, primarily young women, will excessively diet, exercise, and engage in starvation in order to achieve their desired figure. Furthermore, women become obsessed with food and the fear of gaining weight, and they will engage in self-destructive behavior to accomplish their goal. These symptoms are the featured characteristics of a disease called Anorexia Nervosa. This disease is primarily characterized by the failure to maintain body weight in the 85th percentile for a given age group in addition to the loss of menstruation in response to undernourishment (Schlozman 86).
The disease is most prevalent in females during their adolescent years, but it is becoming increasingly common in young boys, particularly with the onset of celebrity males and sport stars that exhibit their slim bodies throughout the media (Schlozman 86). An estimated three percent of women experience Anorexia Nervosa at some point in their lives (Schlozman 86). The tendencies for a recurrence of Anorexia Nervosa always exist for those who have faced the disease, but with proper social support as well as psychological and nutritional therapy, many affected persons regain a positive self-image and a healthy body. The following discussion will provide insight into the social causes of Anorexia Nervosa and its influence in the adolescent community. Furthermore, a relationship between the disease and its classification in educational circles as a disability will be established. Also, a consideration of successful methods for managing the disease in an educational context will be discussed. Finally, special options for adolescents that suffer from the disease will be evaluated."
Abstract This paper presents a description of both Italian and American cuisines and shows what is at the root between those differences and between the people who live on each diet. It defines American food as fast, convenience foods, while Italian meals are slower prepared and more nutritious. The health benefits and risks of each form of diet is discussed.
From the Paper "There are noticeable differences in the diets of people from different countries, even between those of a similar geographic area. One has only to compare Italian to French cuisine to see that though both share parts of the same landmass, both nations have very differently evolved diets, cooking styles, and kitchen staples. The European attitude toward food, however, is quite unified. Europeans generally enjoy their food for the visceral effects, the beauty and simplicity (or complexity) of the food, and treat it with respect. Americans, on the other hand, have a very different attitude toward food. American culture is based upon speed and convenience. Where once home-cooks prepared complex, multi-course meals for the entire family to savor and enjoy together, now the American household dinner is more often than not divided between the separate eating times of the family members, prepared with a minimum of from-scratch ingredients, and relies heavily upon pre-prepared frozen, canned, and other food items. Because of this, speed and efficiency are the hallmark of the American diet."
Abstract Examines studies on the relationship of stress on poor food choices, Issues of stress-induced eating, stress and food choice, gender and female choices, obesity and eating disorders. Correlation between emotional and motivational states and overeating. Stress and metabolism. Eating habits of women and men under stress. Emotional distress and overeating.
From the Paper "STRESS AND DIETARY INTAKE
Abstract
This research paper examined the influence of stress on dietary intake with a discussion of stress-induced eating, stress and food choice, gender and female choices, obesity and eating disorders, and conclusions. The literature reported that animal and human studies have been conducted and each support the relationship between stress and overeating, poor food choices, obesity, and eating disorders. Human studies have shown that stress results in high cognitive loads and threats to the ego which prevents diet monitoring and results in increased snack-food choices and overeating. Further analysis of stress-induced eating has shown that emotional stress, more than environmental stress, and psychophysiological responses are mediating factors."
Abstract This essay focuses on the vegetarian aspects of the Atkins diet, specifically the consequences of this diet on vegetarians. The paper discusses how the the diet is a successful option for meat eaters who wish to loose weight within a short period of time but could be potentially detrimental to vegetarians. The paper focuses on how a vegetarians can accomplish the induction period of the diet, and the problems that vegetarians face attempting low-carbohydrate diets, which omnivores do not have to worry about. It illustrate some of the better known consequences of this diet from scientific findings, opinions of those who have tried it and from personal experience. The paper concludes with some ideas of how a better diet could be created for vegetarians who do wish to lose weight using some of the basics of the science found in the Atkins diet.
From the Paper "To be on the Atkins diet involves an induction period of two weeks. In this initial two weeks, which is known as the "kick start" to the diet, the dieter is to take in less then 20 grams of carbohydrates a day. This means absolutely no wheat or grain products, no sugar or candy of any kind, and no fruit, just to name of few of the product groups forbidden during induction. The scientific purpose of induction includes, breaking certain food addictions, making the switch within your body from carbohydrate burning to fat burning, as well as stabilizing the body's blood sugar levels. ?The name Induction signifies that its purpose is to induce weight loss by changing your body's chemistry so that you will achieve lipolysis and the secondary process of ketosis.? The rules of induction are fairly simple, and the basics are eat regular meals, eat liberally, and watch for hidden carbohydrates. Most importantly it suggests following the acceptable food lists provided by Dr. Atkins."
Abstract This paper explores the causes and symptoms of Osteoporosis, the most common type of metabolic bone disease in the United States, which is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue making bones fragile and highly susceptible to fractures. The paper lists the causes of osteoporosis, how it affects the body, how people are affected by it psycho-socially, how it is diagnosed, how it is usually treated, new developments in treating the disease, and steps which can be taken to prevent it from occurring. In addition, the appendix provides further information on community resources, places where patients can go for further information on handling osteoporosis, and a nursing care plan for patients with osteoporosis.
From the Paper "Bone is continually being made and reabsorbed to maintain calcium levels in the body and for growth (Yahoo Health, 2000). In adults, the main reason for new bone growth is to repair fractures. Peak bone mass, which occurs at the cessation of growth, is genetically determined. Adequate nutrition during growth is necessary for optimum development of the skeleton, and the most important nutrient for bones is calcium. Insufficient calcium intake results in weaker bones which are more likely to fracture (Dempster and Lindsay, 1993, p. 798). Mechanical stress is also thought to be important in bone maintenance and growth."
