Abstract This paper provides an overview of the discussions presented in three different articles regarding gastric bypass surgery. The articles summarized are "Medical Management of Obesity" by Ethan Berke, "Hope for the Morbidly Obese" by Michelle Bock-Lopez, and "Mechanisms to Stop the Epidemic of Obesity: Surgical Therapy for Obesity" by Harvey Sugarman. These articles include discussions on the benefits and risks of the surgery and demonstrate both the growing population and success of this surgery. The articles also review information regarding concerns about both the safety and efficacy of the approach. Two of the articles reviewed by this paper are appended.
From the Paper "Multiple reports that more and more adults and even children have become morbidly obese in the United States have led to searches for effective interventions. One of the interventions beginning to receive widespread use is gastric bypass surgery, which limits the amount of food an individual can consume and thus helps prevent overeating that leads to or supports a state of obesity."
Abstract This is a research paper that examines the various forms of Hollywood media and investigates whether there is a direct correlation between the images the media portrays as 'ideal' and eating disorders. The paper is written from the point of view of the author, who has suffered from eating disorders for 10 years. With the assumption that Hollywood does have an influence on body image and self-esteem, the paper addresses the question, "Does Hollywood influence our own self-esteem and body image?
From the Paper "Today eating disorders constitute a major health concern. According to the National Eating Disorders Organization, between 5 million and 10 million girls and women, and 2 million boys and men have some type of eating disorder. As many as 15 percent of the men and women, boys and girls, who are diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa will die from that disorder. An amazing 1 out of 5 college-aged women are engaging in some form of bulimic behavior (binging and purging)."
Abstract The paper reports that the review of the literature suggests, not only a correlation between breastfeeding and an increased IQ, but also researchers have developed sound theories about the cause of this correlation. The author points out that current studies suggest that it is the chemistry of the milk itself, rather than the bonding that occurs during nursing, that increases IQ. The paper stresses that demonstrating links between breastfeeding and IQ should encourage all mothers who can to breastfeed, and those who cannot, or choose not to, to select formulas that are as chemically close as possible to breast milk.
From the Paper "It is important to note that other studies refute this finding ? or at least call into question the overall importance (over the course of the entire lifespan) of breastfeeding in terms of increased IQ. While other research has correlated the findings of the New Zealand study that breastfeeding does provide an initial advantage to children, this advantage is reduced over time. Such a finding again underscores the complexity of attempting to determine what accounts for human intelligence (setting aside for the moment the fact that "intelligence" itself is a complex concept that has a number of different definitions, none of which works as well in all cultures). Certainly, it is possible that any benefits vis-?-vis raised IQ that a child receives because of breastfeeding may well be wiped out later on, if ? for example ? the child is severely abused."
Abstract This paper discusses a strategic issue faced by fast food giant, McDonald?s, which is fighting to maintain its position as a market leader. The paper contends that McDonald's faces rapidly growing competition and an ongoing backlash over food that is harshly criticized as promoting obesity. The paper assesses that the company will need to use a great deal of strategic marketing to pull itself out of this slump and gain international respect as a responsible and positive company.
From the Paper "McDonald's has built one of the most successful fast food franchises in the world, with incredible growth for over three decades. The company's long-term strategy has focused on uniformity in its product, service, and the consistency of its information systems. However, with a slew of recent challenges, McDonald's learning that times are changing. The company's main new concern is portraying their sense of healthy eating habits and staying ahead of the competition."
Abstract This paper looks at what is meant by the risk of GM foods. It looks at the pros and cons and the actual risks. It examines the advantages, how poor countries benefit, and the issue of crop resistance. It looks at the risk to health and crops, as well as cross-fertilization. It concludes that there is a need for a cautious approach.
From the Paper "This is a topic that has raised some heated discussion in the media lately and in society at large and has many environmentalists up in arms. The problem with Genetically Modified (GM) foods is that on the one hand it is a new and different concept and therefore people are naturally cautious about the possibility of health risks to consumers. On the other hand, however, GM products offer a lifeline for poorer countries that are already struggling economically to sustain their people. They are faced with a dual dilemma of wanting to maintain a balance between preventing any possible health risks associated with GM foods while also taking up the challenge to grow a hardier type of food more cheaply to feed and nourish their populations."
Abstract This paper reviews Eric Scholosser's 2002 book "Fast Food Nation" and its portrayal of the dehumanization of the fast-food industry and losses to the American consumer. The author presents many aspects of the fast food culture.
From the Paper "We've all heard and most likely dismissed the adage that we are what we eat. Usually if we spend any time at all bothering to think about this, we have some vague idea that it means if we eat unhealthy things than our own health will suffer. While that's certainly ..."
Abstract This paper profiles the role of the regulatory agencies of the food and drug administration (FDA) office. It discusses how they operate and why they are necessary. The paper includes an historical recounting of the agency, it expands on the scope of authority, structure and day to day activities. It concludes with a an example of their regulatory nature.
From the Paper "Regulatory agencies are viewed as helpful or a hindrance depending on the side of the fence you are on and the level of involvement: they either serve to protect their own by restricting outsiders from entry or they are considered police-state watchdogs. For example, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations acts to certify and audit healthcare facilities, the American Medical Association (AMA) polices licensed medical doctors in this country and acts to confront and control those it deems practicing against AMA policies and guidelines. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is one such regulatory agency with policies and actions that support other healthcare interests. The FDA is currently celebrating its centennial year having evolved from its origin as the Bureau of Chemistry of the U.S. Department of Agriculture ("FDA News," 2006) is currently under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Health and..."
From the Paper "Within the Japanese cuisine, there contains many strange meals but there are myriads of delights that would make anybody's tastes buds melt. Coming from a Japanese decent I have tried many of these tasty meals, but I would not take it too an extreme to say that I drink "snakes blood for longevity"(Steinberg 6). Japanese meals are actually considered very healthy and low fat considered to the traditional American, southern fried chicken. Japanese food is served in little portions and displayed in a very exciting way to liven up every aspect of each savory bite. To liven up these dishes we often cut vegetables or fruits into tiny designs or animals, or organize each piece of meat and each small vegetable in a way that flatters the plate. Cutting and Slicing, mostly vegetables into meticulous designs, makes a dish its own work of art. "
Abstract An overview of several studies devoted to finding the causes of eating disorders among women of high-school and college age.
From the Paper "Eating disorders are a serious problem that plagues many young adults today. For many years researchers have tried to find specific causes of onset amongst the various types of people it effects. Some of the research is examining the possibility of a genetic basis for these disorders. Other research tests the surrounding life events and their effects on disordered eating or body image. Also, researchers have looked into personal evaluations of weight, body size and image and their contributions to anorexia nervosa and bulimia."
This is a research paper done on eating disorders, focusing on the prevention of them. It involves summary of important research on the subject as well as a unique proposed study.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 2 sources, 2000, $ 76.95
Abstract This research paper is on the success of education to prevent eating disorders. It involves both summary of important research done prior to the writing of the paper and a proposal for a new study different from research that has been done before. The author describes the effect of preventative courses on the onset of eating disorders in young adolescent girls.
From the Paper ?The course will entail several of the aspects already mentioned. It will involve education about eating disorders ? specifically what they are, exactly what people with eating disorders do, and consequences of eating disorders. Examples, testimonies and pictures of girls with eating disorders will be presented. The course will also involve instruction on maintaining a healthy diet ? the girls will receive information on what a healthy, balanced diet involves and how to follow it. In order to teach the girls about keeping a positive attitude about their bodies, leader guided discussion and personal reflection will take place. Famous role models who have overcome society's standards for the "perfect body" will be introduced (not personally). Girls will also be involved in self-esteem boosting activities.?
Abstract This is a detailed descriptive, persuasive paper about the effects of genetically modified crops. The author discusses genetic engineering and clearly defines many difficult biological terms, and how the Food and Drug Administration plays a major role in the legalization of genetically modified crops.
From the Paper "Genetically engineered crops have killed dozens of people throughout the United States of America and Europe , and have harmed thousands of others. Governments of the world should outlaw genetically modified agricultural products to ensure that no other lives will be susceptible to the same type of danger. Scientists first designed genetically altered crops to resist herbicides. Genetically modified crops were also not intended for human consumption. In fact, they were intended for better yields, resistance to herbicides, and cheaper feed for livestock, such as cattle, sheep, poultry, etc. The FDA is now investigating genetically modified crops to see if they should ban them in the United States of America ."
Tags: corn, engineered, genetic, modified, plants, fda, dna, bio
Abstract This paper contains information on the history of tomatoes, buying practices, ways to grow the tomatoes, statistical information, prices, and charts are also included.
From the Paper "The tomato is native to the Americas. Aztecs and Incas initially cultivated it as early as 700 AD. Europeans first saw the tomato when the Conquistadors reached Mexico and Central America in the 16th century. Tomato seeds were taken back to Europe where they reached the Mediterranean countries of Spain, Portugal and Italy. (1) As the tomato traveled north, it was a mystery to most people. The French called it "The Apple of Love," the Germans "The Apple of Paradise;" but the British, saw the tomato as a food-they at first believed it was poisonous. This same fear was among early settlers in the United States until the early 19th century; but in 1812, the Creoles in New Orleans enhanced gumbos and jambalayas. The people of Maine quickly discovered tomatoes and added it as an ingredient with local seafood. (1)"
This paper discusses the various indicators of poverty in the Third World and presents the advantages and disadvantages of the indicators used by a selection of development agencies and authors.
Abstract This papers investigates the pros and cons of the various methods used to measure wealth and poverty, such as GDP and others. Each of the four measures investigated has fans and skeptics regarding levels of accuracy. This paper includes tables illustrating how a country's wealth ranking can be altered when different measures are used.
From the Paper "It has never been easy to assess the extent of poverty in one part of the world when compared to another. Poverty can mean different things to different people. It is also important to remember that poverty is part of the wider issue of development. We should therefore have at the outset a core perspective or working definition on both poverty and development. Without such a perspective we could not measure poverty. To test the different measures of poverty, the following UN definition will suffice: "The income level below which a minimum nutritionally adequate diet plus essential non-food requirements are not affordable" (UNDP Development Report 1991:95). In other words, people are poor if they cannot afford day to day living. The UN also has the following definition of development: "Development is the process of enlarging the range of peoples choices ? increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income and employment, and covering the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic and political freedoms" (UNDP Dev. Rep. 1992). Traditionally, there have been two main measures of poverty; Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP). There are now, however, more measures, the two principles ones are; the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Human Poverty Index (HPI). All four, together with other indicators, will be evaluated and concluded upon here."
Tags: gdp, gnp, hdi, indicators, undp, wealth, poverty, wealth, un, income, hdi, hpi, development
Abstract The paper discusses how, in an age where powerful corporate sponsors have come to inundate high school environments with fast food chains and high calorie snack foods, in cafeterias and vending machines, the need for healthier diets and healthier lifestyles amongst teenagers has never been greater. The paper shows how recent trends towards obesity in adolescence have reached a point of crisis, while the early onset of what has traditionally been referred to as 'adult onset' or 'late life' Type 2 Diabetes has become progressively commonplace. The paper studies the reasons behind these health issues and what can be done to prevent them.
From the Paper "In other words, despite the evidence for a crisis currently unfolding in the high schools, teachers, educational administrations, and governmental bodies alike have been slow to react to these trends. Nonetheless, their efforts remain essential in any attempt to counteract the devastating impact of eating disorders on today's youth. Those efforts could be productively channeled towards advertising campaigns, the development and distribution of important textual resources on the issues at hand, the cultural promotion of a healthy fitness regime, and even formal classroom instruction, all of which might work to better educate teenagers on the realities of eating disorders, and also the effects of these disorders on an individual's long-term physical and emotional health."
Abstract The paper discusses the benefits of walking for pleasure. It discusses the various health advantages such as the rise in endorphins to counter depression, the lowering of stress levels and weight control. The paper shows that walking affects people spiritually as well by connecting them to the rhythms of their body. Issues of what to consider when buying a walking shoe are also explored.
From the Paper "A 1999 Annals of Behavioral Medicine study proves that college students who walk regularly had lower stress levels than those who didn?t exercise. The college students surveyed said they found that walking gave them time to get away from their stressful environment and clear their heads. The study found that by put physical and mental distance between themselves and the stress-causing environment, the students were able to work through their problems and find possible solutions with better clarity. Walking also helped to wear off stress-eating related calories, lower blood pressure and heart rates as well as give the students a chance to let out steam and vent when they included a partner on their walk."
