Abstract This paper discusses the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on the organs of the body. The paper explains that these effects include damage to the liver such as fatty liver, cirrhosis and hepatitis C. The paper also examines the effects on the skeleton, the cardiovascular system, muscles and the brain. Additionally, the paper discusses the differences between effects on males and females.
From the Paper "Long-term alcohol abuse has harmful effects on many of the organ systems of the body. The organ systems most affected by alcohol are the liver, the immune system, the cardiovascular system and the skeletal system but other systems are also affected. Alcohol works in three ways to cause damage to the body; by reducing food intake alcohol consumption leads to poor nutrition, toxic breakdown products of alcohol in the body can damage cells and tissues; and the constant presence of alcohol in the body can result..."
Abstract This paper argues that it is the large portion size and calorie content of our meals, rather than eating health-foods versus fast/junk foods, that is the true causative agent of obesity and related health problems in America. The paper bases this proposition on research done in the field of anti-aging which shows extreme life-extension and health benefits in animal and molecular studies when calories are reduced by forty percent from normal. Furthermore, the paper proposes that Americans be educated from a portion-control perspective first and a healthy-foods perspective secondarily.
Tags: Fast Food, Nutrition, McDonald's, Obesity, Anti-Aging, Calorie restriction
Abstract This paper looks at the problem of overtraining among athletes. The paper defines the condition, looks at its cause, prevalence, how it is diagnosed, what the signs and symptoms of overtraining are and how it can be prevented. The paper also looks at how to monitor performance and physical parameters to avoid overtraining.
From the Paper "Overtraining is a serious problem in athletes marked by decreased performance, increased fatigue, persistent muscle, soreness, mood disturbances, a lack of energy and a multitude of minor medical and psychological problems. In overtraining, the physiological homeostasis of the body which is needed in the short-term to improve performance capacity is prolonged and insufficient time is allowed for recovery between successive imbalances to the point that the body can no longer compensate. Short-term physiological imbalance is referred to as overreaching but if this is continued without allowing..."
Abstract This paper explains the importance of calcium in a child's diet and takes a look at the calcium intake and needs of children and adolescents. The paper summarizes a study on fracture rates vs. milk consumption, on adolescent bone mineral density and on calcium in vegan diets and then looks at dietary factors which affect calcium intake, absorption and calcium loss.
From the Paper "Calcium intake in children may be insufficient for their needs, as their bones are growing and a study by Goulding et al showed that children who avoided drinking cow's milk for prolonged periods and did not consume calcium-rich food substitutes had low bone mineral densities. Low bone density combined with a high body weight increases the risk of bone fractures during growth when children are more prone to such fractures. Optimal bone growth cannot take place without sufficient calcium intake and in the Western countries dairy products are..."
Tags: calcium, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteogenesis
Abstract This paper compares the use of space at McDonald's with the space at Outback Steakhouse, and how their differences and similarities speak to their use of space. it looks at restaurant design and design features.
From the Paper "The way that space is used in retail environments has much to do with the way that consumers perceive those environments. Considerable effort goes into ensuring that window displays are attractive in malls or that merchandise is readily available and quickly identifiable in convenience stores. Design is also a critical element in restaurants where it quickly creates atmosphere expectations and in short contributes significantly to the experience of the diners. Tastes in restaurant design like tastes in food have ..."
Abstract This paper examines and summarizes an article in the "International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity." The paper reveals that a correlation between food marketing, advertising practices and childhood obesity is highly likely, if not completely certain.
From the Paper "The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity recently published the findings of Mary Story and Simone French in a piece entitled "Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US." Story and French operating on the well-founded assumption that the food and beverage industry in the US views children and adolescents as a major market force conclude that this phenomenon is actively contributing to the enduring state of ill-health and obesity that young Americans are experiencing."
Tags: Mary Story, Simone French, childhood obesity, food marketing to the young, dietary practices
Abstract This paper analyzes the increasing regulatory actions against the fast-food industry and explains that this is as a result of the growing health issue of obesity in the U.S.
From the Paper "There is an old saying that you cannot legislate against ignorance. This in fact may be exactly what the government tries to do as it places increasing regulatory restraints on what we eat. According to Eric Schlosser, the typical fast-food hamburger now being offered to American consumers contains meat from more than different cattle raised in as many as five different countries."
Abstract This article discusses vegetarianism and argues its ill effects. In the writer's case against vegetarianism, the issue of malnutrition is raised. The writer claims that loss of vision and Alzheimer's disease among vegetarians can be linked with diet. The writer further contends that a strict vegetarian diet is unbalanced. In this paper, in order to support the claim against vegetarianism, the writer discusses recent nutrition research.
From the Paper "In recent years, vegetarianism has taken on what Dr. William T. Jarvis calls a political correctness and has acquired many adherents who voluntarily eliminate most or even all foods derived from animals, for ideological as well as health reasons. However there is a growing body of evidence that certain types of vegetarian diets, those that are deficient in terms of specific vitamins and minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and fats are associated with negative health effects. In this report it is demonstrated that vegetarianism ... "
Abstract This article examines aspects of the Atkins diet. The writer discusses whether or not the diet is an effective program for weight loss. The paper also looks at the problems related to high protein and high fat diets. The writer discusses the dangers of ketosis that such diets induce.
From the Paper "Low-carbohydrates diets do bring about weight loss in the short-term but their long-term effects are no better than other diets. The Atkins diet is a high protein high fat diet with very low carbohydrate intake. It has been shown to work for weight loss over the short-term, but there are doubts about its ability to work over the long-term. It is difficult to adhere to such a low-carbohydrate regimen long-term. Two recent studies reported in the New England Journal of ... "
Abstract The writer of this article demonstrates how food and nutrition are political issues. The writer uses Marion Nestle's book "Food Politics" in order to support this theory. In this paper, the writer draws examples from the chapters of the Food Guide Pyramid, dietary supplements and techno foods.
From the Paper "With so many ideas circulating about health and nutrition, how do people decide what to eat? We look to magazines and the latest news story for advice, but importantly, many of our beliefs about how to eat come from information handed down by government agencies. In 'Food Politics' Marion Nestle exposes a nutritional world many of us do not know exists, the world of food politics, where government regulations become highly influenced by the ... "
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses bodybuilding historically, in terms of women's versus men's experience. Among the subjects covered in this paper are the use of steroids in this sport. The writer discusses supplements used by these athletes. The issues of physiology, nutrition and related sport injuries are also examined. The writer provides a brief history of the purpose of bodybuilding.
From the Paper "The importance of proper exercise and nutrition is highly relevant amid the worldwide obesity crisis noted in the media over the past several years. As Americans and other nations throughout the world grow more overweight and health problems and medical costs related to obesity increase, proper lifestyle measures to prevent obesity are a top priority among those concerned with public health. Since its inception the sport of bodybuilding has led the way in developing exercise and nutritional technologies that easily ... "
Abstract In this essay the writer compares and contrasts breast feeding versus bottle feeding. The writer discusses the impact of infant and child's early interaction with food on eating habits as an adult. The writer discusses whether bottle feeding or breast feeding offers less strain to the infant.
From the Paper "In a discussion of eating disorders in relation to food and feeding in infancy and the early childhood years, Brazelton and Sparrow point out that one of the keys to healthy eating as an adult is associated with whether a child's earliest interaction with food was a strain or a struggle. While for any given child what constitutes strain or struggle can differ, Brazelton and Sparrow's remarks bring up the question of whether generally it is less of a strain on ... "
Abstract The paper discusses different types of services offered by restaurants for dining. The paper explains that the three main types of dine-out services are fast food, buffet and fine dining. In the paper, all three are analyzed with regard to their cuisine layout, public preferences and prices. The paper points out that the choice of service defines different preferences, lifestyles and tastes of people. The writer also discusses how food and restaurant industries are growing despite the common knowledge that they are a cause of obesity.
From the Paper "In spite of the growing health consciousness, franchise chain and independent restaurants are both mushrooming nation wide, with a momentum never so conceited before. According to a survey published in the magazine, Entrepreneur, every week Americans consume 4.2 meals from restaurants; which amount to 218 meals per year (Lynn, 2003). The President of the Council of Independent Restaurants of America (CIRA), Don Luria points out that the rise in new restaurants, as recorded by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, is around 8,000 to 10,000 per annum. This growth is often contributed by chain restaurants and franchises. Analysts claim that by 2010 the restaurant industry will exceed 1 million units, with sales of $577 billion capturing 53 per cent of the food investments. Following is the classification of the types of services offered by restaurants."
Abstract The writer focuses this research on the fact that adult males between the ages of 18-35 in inner city areas of the United States appear to be at a greater risk for heart disease than their male counterparts in other areas of the country such as those living in areas bordering the cities such as suburban areas and rural communities. This paper investigates the multiple factors that influence the heart health and well-being of adult males aged 18-35 in low-income inner-city areas of the United States. This article further researches and explores stated health statistics and influencing social factors. Finally, the writer makes recommendations as to the alleviation of the heart disease in adult males aged 18-35.
From the Paper "Heart disease is stated to have caused 3.4% of death in males ages 15-19, 3.6% in males ages 20-24; 7.9% in males ages 25-34; 15.2% in males ages 35-44. 3.2 male adults ages 15.24 per 100,000 population die each year from heart disease as compared to 2.1 percent for females. 9.6 percent of male adults ages 25-34 per 100,000 population die each year from heart disease as compared to 5.2% of females. Risk factors in heart disease are stated to include: age, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, family history of early heart disease, diabetes, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, apple-shaped body, high blood homocysteine, atherosclerosis. The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of angina in women age 20 and older were 3.5 percent for non-Hispanic white women, 4.7 percent for non-Hispanic black women and 2.2 percent for Mexican-American women. Rates for men in these three groups were 4.5, 3.1 and 2.4 percent, respectively. Among American adults age 20 and older, the estimated age-adjusted prevalence of coronary heart disease for non-Hispanic whites is 8.9 percent for men and 5.4 percent for women; for non-Hispanic blacks, 7.4 percent for men and 7.5 percent for women; and for Mexican-Americans, 5.6 percent for men and 4.3 percent for women."
Abstract This paper begins with the history of the the ready to eat (RTE) breakfast cereal in America. It continues to highlight the marketing strategies of the three leading companies in this arena, namely, Kellogg's, Post and General Mills. The author concludes with an objective critique on the marketing of Cheerios.
Table of Contents:
The Marketing Environment of the American Breakfast
The Marketing Mix Evolves and a Trendsetter Emerges
An Objective Critique of Cheerios Marketing
Works Cited and Reviewed
From the Paper "In 1941, General Mills created the first oat-based RTE cereal, creating an interesting new alternative to traditional corn, wheat or barley cereals. From the beginning, not only was the product different, but the marketing was different as well. In an effort to create a unique brand identity for this new food, that was similar yet different than its predecessors, General Mills named its new creation CheeriOats, and a cute mascot, Cheeri O'Leary, was introduced in 1942. This mascot was not given a warm reception by the buying public, however. During World War II, Cheerios were successfully marketed with the tagline "CheeriOats: For Fighters on the Homefront". The product also gained wide acceptance during this time because many mothers had to enter the workforce and RTE cereal was an easy way to feed children well within a busy schedule and the absence of the father of the family. "
