Abstract The paper offers a short review of the traditional food pyramid and its problems. It continues to gives reasons for the need to modify the food pyramid. The overhaul in the food guide pyramid was influenced by the need to effect that behavioral change through adequate but moderate nutritional choices. The author expands on the revised food pyramid and in conclusion highlights its many short comings.
From the Paper "The Department of Agriculture used people's age, gender, weight and the amount of exercise as primary considerations in developing the new food guide pyramid (Gersema 2003). Executive Director Eric Hentges of the USDA said that it aimed specifically at the overweight and those who did not get enough exercise. Because these groups comprised more than half the nation's population, he said that the revision was actually an attempt at changing people's behavior concerning caloric consumption. This came as a response to promptings from the White House Office of Management and Budget that the previous food pyramid was behind the country's obesity problem, which needed to be addressed and controlled."
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the views and opinions of cultivation theorists who maintain that the media, both electronic and print, tends to clouds one's judgment of reality. The writer of this paper focuses on the contribution of the media to the culture of thinness and perfection and the increasing cases of eating disorders in young women. This paper examines the published research, which indicates that female adolescents are increasingly being subjected to unhealthy body images in print and electronic media. This paper explores the research which proves that internalization of media-promoted images may have an even more pronounced impact on body image. This paper discusses the fact the eating disorders are more prevalent in girls than in boys. The writer contends and explains why young people who are more aware of existing socio-cultural pressures are less affected by media exposure than others.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Research has consistently demonstrated that media images especially TV commercials and magazines play a dominant role in distortion of body image leading to increased cases of eating disorders among women. Kalodner concluded that images of thin models in media generated feelings of anxiety, stress, and dissatisfaction among women but not in men. But different results might be obtained if men were shown images of muscular models instead of thin females since culture of thinness affects women more. Body mass index (BMI) was used in many researches to demonstrate that even those women whose BMI indicate good height-weight proportion also suffered from body image disturbance and developed eating disorder."
Abstract The Arabian writer, Ibn-Rostech, mentions Hungarian vine growing in his 10th century chronicle. This paper examines the regions in Hungary where wine is successfully grown and manufactured. It discusses the different wines which grow in specific regions.
From the Paper "The Valley of Mor runs between the Vertes and the Bakony mountains, and is the home of the Ezerjo, where the climate is cooler than average, mild winters, and long summer days (Hungarian1 pp). Vine varieties include Ezerjo, Rizlingszilvani, Leanyka, and Chardonnay (Hungarian1 pp). The climate in the Mecsekalja region, where vines have been grown for some 2,000 years, is sub-Mediterranean, sheltered from the north wind, hot summers with lots of sunshine, and mild winters, producing varieties that are full-bodied and high in sugar, and include Cirfandli, Italian Riesling, Chardonnay, and Furmint (Hungarian1 pp)."
Tags: Tokaji, Balatonmelleke, Csongrad, Mor, Valley
Abstract This paper relates that, while hunger is considered to be a topic of third world countries, hunger exists in the United States despite the countries long history of food production. The author points out that part of the hunger problem is the lack of real nutritional value in processed foods that are popular and readily available in the United States; sugary, heat-and-eat processed food are cheap forcing many families, including the hungry, to purchase this type of meal instead of the necessary staple foods children need to grow into healthy adults. The paper stresses that American families, who are going hungry from lack of money, are not only the poor living from government assistance but also working families, who fall below the poverty line, but earn too much to be eligible for available assistance.
From the Paper "Advances in agricultural science and techniques, food processing technologies, and storage systems have impacted our society both in positive and negative ways. On the one hand, we can now feed more people from less land than ever before. But on the other hand, food processing and the manufacture of snack food, junk food, and the sales of the fast food industry have created a nation of fat, but still yet hungry individuals and families. Unfortunately, even in the most advanced civilization the world has ever known and with grocery stores and restaurants on every corner, there are still those in America that are going hungry several nights of the week."
Abstract This paper examines the success of the Hard Rock Cafe, and compares that to the failure of Planet Hollywood in eight key areas. It compares the background of each of these themed restaurants and examines key factors that contributed to success and failure.
From the Paper "Hard Rock Cafe and Planet Hollywood both began as themed restaurants catering to a specific niche market..."
Tags: hard rock cafe, planet hollywood, management
Abstract This paper examines a 2004 Wall Street Journal article on mad cow disease, and how companies, especially fast food companies, are responding to the possibility of tainted meat. It uses the example of McDonald's.
Tags: mad cow disease, mcdonald's fast food industry, marketin
Abstract This paper discusses the variety and anatomy of the Chile pepper. It also expands on worldwide production, physiological impact, and influence on culture and cuisine. The author also mentions its origins, and various uses.
From the Paper "The Chile pepper has gained enormous popularity over the past few decades. Putting the lie to popular beliefs the Chile pepper did not originate in India but comes from South America. There area variety of Chile peppers. The fruit of Pepper plan ..."
Tags: Chile pepper, capsaicin, Scoville number, cuisine, culture, history
Abstract This paper focuses on the causes of overeating with an emphasis upon psycho-emotional and sociocultural factors. The author stress the problem of obesity to the community.
From the Paper "Jenkins defines overeating as a compulsive pattern of behavior involving eating in excess of physical requirements with accompanying weight gain. According to Davidson,as many as four million adults..."
Abstract This paper about artificial flavors gives examples of different chemicals and the flavors they produce. The author also relates how McDonald's got their french fries to have a distinctive taste. The paper includes the dangerous side effects of some of the chemicals used in artificial flavors.
From the Paper "Artificial flavors are added to manufactured foods to change or augment its taste. Flavouring Nature-identical flavorings are the chemical equivalent of the natural flavor but, instead of being extracted from the source, they are synthesized chemically."
Abstract This paper explores what is both encouraging and disturbing about the obesity epidemic in the United States. The author points out that many health professionals regard obesity as a preventable risk behavior that often results from unhealthy food choices. The paper suggests a format for 3-two hour sessions addressing this risk behavior with 8th and 9th grade students.
From the Paper "Just a simple stroll through a mall confirms reports of the obesity epidemic as one observes teenagers who are overweight and obese lumbering down every corridor short of breath and struggling simply to ..."l
Tags: obesity, overweight, epidemic, depression, American Heart Association, Type 2 diabetes, food choices, diet, nutrition
Abstract This paper is a summary of a primary research article on nutrition. The paper explains that the article looks at the effects of not drinking cow's milk on the fracture rate in pre-pubertal children and finds it higher than the general population.
From the Paper "Children who avoid drinking cow's milk are at increased risk for pre-pubertal bone fractures. Children are at high risk for bone fractures and the combination of low bone densities with high body weights in children increases the risk of fractures occurring. The main source of dietary calcium in Western countries is cow's milk and if children avoid drinking milk and do not substitute calcium-rich foods..."
Tags: calcium intake, bone mineral density, fractures
Abstract This paper details the anatomic components of swallowing, including the oral cavity components, the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, the associated muscles and nerves, and how they function in normal swallowing. Dysphagia - abnormal swallowing - is also discussed in terms of the anatomical features involved and the effects produced.
From the Paper "This paper looks at the anatomy of the swallowing process dealing with the oral cavity, the pharynx, larynx and esophagus and the muscles and nerves which make them function. It then looks at the process of normal swallowing which includes the oral stage, the pharyngeal stage and the esophageal stage and the mechanisms which make them function. Next, it describes the types of problems encountered in dysphagia, abnormal swallowing and how these can occur at various points in the swallowing process and how these can be affected by..."
Abstract This paper presents a general background and the constituent elements in a vegetarian diet. The paper looks at the capacity of the vegetarian diet to meet the nutritional daily requirements for an individual and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of such a diet.
From the Paper "Neal Barnard has asserted that a vegetarian diet could result in improved health and fitness as well as enhanced longevity and resistance to disease. Noting that for centuries food choices were considered to be a relatively modest force in medicine, Barnard stated that a vegetarian diet that is structured around grains, legumes, vegetables and fruits is increasingly associated with positive and long-lasting health benefits. Additionally, vegetarian diets that eliminate animal flesh are seen by this author as ecologically and environmentally responsible."
Abstract This paper discusses flavor aversion and its relevance to patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. It looks at the role of classical Pavlovian conditioning in establishing food and flavor aversions, and ways to counteract them. The paper also points out the importance of this phenomenon in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
From the Paper "This paper concerns the topic of flavor aversion which develops in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is an interesting subject to me because I have known people undergoing such treatment and many of my friends have had family members or friends who have had to undergo chemotherapy treatment for cancer. The one thing that all these people notice is that they can no longer enjoy their favorite foods. One reason is because chemotherapy is very non-specific and is aimed at killing dividing cells.
Abstract This paper first looks at why alcohol is not considered a nutrient, and then explains the importance of adequacy, balance, Kcalories, nutrition density, moderation and variety in diet planning.
From the Paper "Nutrition is the process that provides energy for the body and helps it maintain structure and function. Once food is ingested it is broken down into small components and digestion begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and intestines. The digested nutrients are then absorbed from the intestines into the bloodstream carried to the liver and prepared for immediate use or storage for future use. Alcohol ingestion inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules by decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas."
