Abstract The purpose of this study is to look at aerobic and anaerobic conditioning and exercise. Female soccer players are used for this study and the results of how well they do on specific tests are measured. The study also examines whether those that perform better on these tests are also better soccer players and concludes whether this type of training and exercise has an effect on the performance of female high school soccer players.
Introduction
Demographics
Background of the Study
Who am I as a Teacher?
How did I get to be that Way?
How did I get Here?
Personal Motivation
Rationale
Teacher Action Research
The Study
Purpose of the Study
The Research Question
What are the Issues and Concerns?
Overview
Review of the Literature
Procedures
Overview
Initial Testing
Test #1 - 1 Mile Run
Test #2 the Coopers Test
Test #3 40-yard Sprint
Test #4 300-yard Shuttle
Test #5 200-yard Dash
Test #6 400-yard Test
Conclusion
From the Paper "Marple Newtown School District is a suburban Philadelphia school district in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in a community of approximately 35,000 people, most of who are involved in business and the professions. There are approximately 3,500 students enrolled in grade K through 12. Accelerated and advanced placement courses are offered in all academic areas. The academic curriculum of the district reflects the strength of traditional programs while meeting the changing needs of a technological society."
Abstract This paper discusses the Atkins diet formula that is based on the presumption that sugar from carbohydrates is the main factor for overweight condition. The paper details the diet plan, examines its impact on the metabolic system and assesses its acceptability in the long run.
From the Paper "America is increasingly being labeled as an 'obese nation' with more than 31% of adults and 17% of children currently falling in the seriously overweight category. [CBS News]. Overweight condition is by itself a risk factor for diabetes, arthritis, heart diseases, and many other complications. Over the last two decades there has been increasing awareness about diet and weight management. Among the many 'low carb' diet programs 'Atkins diet' formula is a popular choice. Formulated by Dr. Atkins in the 1970's this new 'low carb' program has stirred a diet revolution in the nation."
Abstract This paper presents a critical analysis of Eric Schlosser's book, "Fast Food Nation". The paper examines the writer's thoroughness in presenting the fast food industry as one of the most corrupt industries. The paper contends that the book is one-sided, not illustrating the positive aspects of the fast food industry.
From the Paper "As a first criticism, one may notice that the author writes some 350 pages on the subject of fast food and the fast food industry finding almost no positive aspects whatsoever. It isn't much to say that, at the end of the book, you will be able to assimilate the fast food industry with some of the most criminal and degrading industries in the world, drug and human traffic, for example. It is not necessarily his vehemence (which almost doesn't exist throughout the book, as I will refer to further below), but the thoroughness with which he covers the disturbing aspects in the fast food industry, ranging from the managers and founders who barely have a high school diploma, to the "overworked and underpaid teenage workers" and to the chemicals that are behind the tasty flavors we find in fast food outlets."
Abstract This paper suggests that in the government food pyramid, the generic category of meat products is too general; it should be separated into two subcategories of red meat and white meat and each subcategory should be treat differently. The author points out that, similarly, the carbohydrate category should be into subcategories: (1) Foods such as nuts and beans, which can provide part of the proteins needed, (2) whole grain foods and (3) the remaining carbohydrate category including white rice, white bread, pasta and sweets. The paper relates that the consumption of dairy products should be reduced.
From the Paper "However, the food pyramid never considered some of the negative effects of carbohydrates and of consuming them in 6 to 11 servings. One of these would be the fact that a massive switch in one's diet from fats to carbohydrates increases the blood level of triglyceride, with increased chances of heart disease. It would seem, in this case, that the old pyramid substitutes one source of heart diseases with another. Additionally, levels of low - density lipoprotein, commonly known as "bad cholesterol" increase as well when switching to carbohydrates. An increase in glucose and sugar levels, as well as the risk of obesity should be mentioned as well."
Abstract This case study attempts to assist a patient with her dieting program by providing insights into the cognitive continuum theory and her maladaptive automatic thought pattern and erroneous assumptions, attitudes and beliefs on which she is basing her lack of will power.
From the Paper "The medical community is now convinced that a majority of depressive disorders may be nothing more than the result of some maladaptive, voluntary or involuntary, defense strategy that usually is based on some insecure attachment. This implies that X may be working on a false assumption when she says she is an 'all or nothing' person. Thus, the first thing X needs to understand is that she is most likely basing her decision that her will power may not be sufficient to maintain her planned eating program is some type of cognitive defense strategy."
Abstract This paper claims that it is becoming obvious that there are numerous causes for the obesity epidemic in America, ranging from easy accessibility of food of all sorts, diminished opportunities to walk as part of daily life, invention of attractive sedentary activities such as computer game playing, genetic factors and possibly others as yet undiscovered. The paper contends that in order to change this process, the attention and cooperation of adult Americans is needed. The paper assesses that pointing out the immediacy of the problems caused by obesity is a place to start; educating American adults about the most effective food choices is another, as is encouraging exercise. The paper explains that because the connection between the myriad health problems is not of concern to most Americans, until they have experienced ill health, it might be necessary not to frighten them away from ineffective behaviors, but to reward them for adopting effective ones. With the cost of obesity to the nation as a whole, it would seem worthwhile to investigate the possibility of rewarding companies for creating foods that more closely follow the updated guidelines and rewarding citizens for participating in nutritional education and exercise programs that enhance, rather than damage, health.
Outline
Introduction
Pockets of Obesity
Obesity in Adults
Obesity in Youth
Children in WIC Program
Costs of Overweight and Obesity in Georgia
Epidemic Proportions
Etiology of Overweight and Obesity
Effects of Obesity and Overweight
Reducing the Incidence of Obesity
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are various concepts concerning the development of overweight and obesity, from the purely genetic to the purely environmental to a combination of the two. Spence-Jones notes that "The chronic nature of obesity develops as a result of the interaction between an individual's genetic structure, cultural influences, lifestyle behaviors, and other environmental factors" (2002). As subsets of those findings, Spence-Jones notes that some view obesity as a behavioral problem based on poor nutritional knowledge and poor eating habits, along with scant exercise. Acknowledging that possibility, Spence-Jones notes that society has experienced increased reliance on motor vehicles because of urban sprawl, removing significant daily walking from human behavior in those areas. In addition, such leisure activities as video games and computer surfing have increased the number of hours people spend in sedentary activities. In addition, Spence-Jones notes, some believe the abundance and easy accessibility of 'junk' food has contributed to the problem, as has advertising: "The food industry spends an estimated $26 billion on annual advertisement" (Spence-Jones 2002) and much of it is for fast-food chains and snack foods."
Abstract Proposal for a study that would provide essential information that can help in reducing the growing rate of childhood obesity in Canada. The paper explains how the study relates to the field of nursing, the intended objective and purpose of the study, what methodology will be implemented and the method of evaluation to be used.
From the Paper "The prevalence of early obesity is a growing problem that negatively strikes the health of many children in Canada. From a statistical analysis of childhood obesity in Canada in 1996, reports show that 23% to 36% of Canadian children with age ranging from 7 to 13 are considered overweight and obese (Willms, 2004). This rate of obesity continuously increases every year, thus, resulting to the widespread concern of Canada's national healthcare system to solve the problem of obesity."
Abstract This paper looks at the reasons why Japanese longevity is 3 years more than their American counterparts. The paper discusses issues such as lifestyle choices, food choices, health care systems and urban development. The writer concludes that Americans' choice of unhealthy food is a major factor for their lower longevity.
From the Paper "As long as profit and politics continue to drive the forces of the food industry in America the changes will never be broad. The appeal of fast food and unhealthy flashy consumables will likely speared across the world before it actually shrinks in the United States. Yet, maybe with the wisdom of these other cultures and the relative response time to derogatory changes associated with global dietary changes will come home to the consumer in America."
Abstract This paper researches and attempts to resolve a major issue surrounding modern day nutrition: Whether whole food based nutritional supplementation is better than fragmented vitamin and mineral supplementation at delivering bio available nutrients to the human body.
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Americans' interest in nutrition has grown in proportion to their waistlines over the last 30 years or so. Further, as healthcare in general improves and the population ages, problems associated with old age which were relatively rare in the past (because few people lived to see their 80th birthday) have become increasingly common. This has also contributed to the growing interest in nutrition among Americans. Unfortunately, this interest has most frequently taken the form of an act of desperation - people look for a silver bullet to slay the monster of obesity or senescence (Tomlin, 2001). The silver bullet itself most often takes the form of a nutritional supplement or a fad diet. People seldom address the root cause of their obesity or medical problems, usually a lack of self-discipline at the dinner table and/or the gym. Even when embracing a fad diet people usually lack the self-discipline to stick with it long enough for it to truly fail."
Abstract One of the most seductive and pleasurable foods enjoyed everywhere in the world is chocolate. Chocolate is a slightly psychoactive substance but it has some health benefits when consumed in its purest forms and in moderation. This paper looks at its roots from its discovery by the Aztecs. It examines how its official categories of chocolate vary between Europe and North America and also discusses different types.
From the Paper "Produced from the fermented and roasted seeds of the tropical plant cacao, chocolate caught on quickly in Europe during colonization. To produce edible chocolate, either for beverage or confectionary use, the pods of the cacao plant are fermented and their beans dried, then roasted and ground. The resulting material is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids. The term cocoa liquor refers to the unadulterated chocolate, containing both cocoa solids and cocoa fats. The higher the concentration of cocoa liquor, the higher quality and more expensive is the resulting chocolate product. However, all commercially sold chocolates contain a blend of cocoa butter and cocoa liquor, with other ingredients added for flavor and texture."
This paper discusses the relation between malnutrition and heart disease, stressing that malnutrition is a global problem, which affects industrialized and developing countries.
Abstract This paper explains that, although some experts contend that heart disease and malnutrition is mainly a problem of industrialized nations, populations held back by economic and other factors often lack public education about health, wellness and the nutritional behaviors that could prevent heart disease. The author stresses the importance of proper infant-stage nutrition, which is needed to avoid developing heart diseases as an adult. The paper recommends that patients with malnutrition be normalized nutritionally through an adequate delivery system to decrease heart disease risks determined through a professional assessment program.
From the Paper "Williams' article takes up the abovementioned argument about whether heart disease is more common in industrialized or developing nations, and concludes that the industrialization process does lead to changes in dietary habits that may lead to this state of being. "Heart disease, cancer, and other degenerative disorders are most frequent among populations of the industrialized nations. These diseases have been increasing rapidly over the past few generations, making it easy for the petro-chemical-medical-pharmaceutical-complex to assign blame to bad genes, while ignoring the issues of increased environmental degradation and deteriorating nutrition over the same time frame." This is an opinionated article within the literature but it nonetheless supports albeit subjectively the conclusion that heart disease can be linked to malnutrition.
Abstract This paper examines the issue of obesity as a disease affecting millions of people globally. Specifically, the paper investigates obesity in young adults or teenagers. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of familial influence on the overweight adolescent and compares this method of treatment to that of the effectiveness of school-based programs geared toward adolescents. The paper presents the 'Fit and Trim' program found in Singaporean schools as an example. This paper aims to establish that the best strategy to combat and prevent this disease for this age group begins at home with parental intervention and a change in family lifestyle.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1.Background
1.2.Statement of the Problem
1.3.Definition of Terms
1.4.Brief Review of Related Literature
1.5.Highlights of Methodology
1.6.Limitations of Study
1.7.Research Expectations
1.8.Scope of Study
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
2.1.Introduction
2.2.Hypothesis
2.3.Family Intervention Versus School-based Programs
Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1.Introduction
3.2.Design and Measurement
3.3.Procedure
3.4.1.Surveys and Questionnaires
Chapter 4
Results and Findings
4.1.Analysis
4.2.Descriptive Statistics
4.3.Variables
Chapter 5
Discussions and Conclusions
5.1.Re-evaluation of Hypothesis
5.2.Re-visiting Literature
5.3.Shortcomings of Research
5.4.Implications
5.5 Recommendations for the Future
References
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
Appendix VII
Appendix VIII
From the Paper "Obesity is a serious health issue for the individual physically and emotionally. One's weight is very much tied to his or her identity both personally and socially. It is very much an emotional issue. The media is constantly bombarding people of all age groups with the message of "Thin equals Beauty" and this remains true, especially for adolescents as most media is targeted at them in the forms of television, music, video games, magazines, card games, Internet, instant cell messaging and so on. These forms of media make it even more difficult for a message of healthy lifestyle to be dominant. This creates a society obsessed with beauty, attaining beauty and keeping beauty without any consideration of true love but only the threat of being labeled fat and ugly. This makes the implementation of a successful weight reduction program more difficult. It is clear, any intervention must be strong, persuasive and carefully thought out to remain affective and resilient to the pressure media feeds to society."
Abstract This paper presents a management proposal to refurbish the existing Side Bar in Sydney, Australia, into a 'Supper Club' so as to respond to the demand of the target market. The paper attempts to gain an insight of what the target market wants out of a Supper Club in terms of type of food served, services, interior design, ambiance and brand awareness. The paper discusses the in-depth interviews that were conducted as a basis to research the ways Side Bar is able to launch such a Supper Club.
Table of Contents
I. Executive Summary
II. Introduction
III. Background
IV. Research Objectives
V. Methodology
VI. Findings
VII. Conclusion & Recommendations
VIII. References
IX. Appendices
Proposal
Discussion Guide
Transcripts & Data Analysis
From the Paper "Side Bar is a bar located at Wakeup! Accomodation for backpackers. Management of Side Bar realizes it is not gaining enough customers to earn sufficient profit in order to cover expenses of daily operations. They acknowledge the fact that Sydney is lacking places providing people with supper and to unwind with close friends after midnight. This phenomenon has led the management to foresee that an opportunity for such a business exists and may have the potential to attract more of the general public. In doing so, management proposes to refurbish the existing Side Bar into a Supper Club so as to respond to the demand of our target market. This report attempts to gain an insight of what the target market wants out of a Supper Club in terms of type of food served, services, interior design, ambience and brand awareness. Thus, in-depth interviews were conducted as a basis to research the ways Side Bar is able to launch such a Supper Club."
Abstract The Japanese are among the healthiest group of persons in the world as a direct result of their consumption of soybean products, rice, fish and many varieties of seaweed. This paper examines the nutritional benefits of these food products to show how they benefit the Japanese.
Paper Outline:
Nutritional Benefits of Soy
Nutritional Benefits of Rice
Nutritional Benefits of Fish
Nutritional Benefits of Seaweed
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "The most common minerals found in fish and seafood products are iodine, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, copper and fluoride. These minerals are highly important in human physiology and are essential to good health. For example, eighty percent of the iodine in the body is located in the thyroid gland which contributes to normal body growth and to the metabolic system (i.e. proper digestion and the burning away of calories and fats); calcium contributes to bone density, the transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, blood coagulation and cardiac function, meaning that it helps the heart to operate efficiently, and iron is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin which provides oxygen to all the internal tissues. In addition, fish plays a major role in a low cholesterol diet because the fatty acids present are polyunsaturated."
Abstract This paper investigates new educational programs and physical training techniques aimed for the youth in elementary schools, boys and girls clubs, in-school and out-of-school activities. The paper explains that the purpose of these programs are to teach the youth to live healthy lifestyles. The paper claims that the instigator of these programs is the increasing occurrence of obesity among the youth of today.
Outline
Introduction
The Statement of the Problem
Review of Related Literature
Statement of Hypothesis
Method
Instruments
Design of the Study
Procedures
Conclusion
From the Paper "It is clear that the most devastating ailment amongst the American children in the 21ST century is obesity. Ironically, the amount of people suffering from obesity is equal to the amount of people suffering from hunger and malnourishment. It is worth noting that the people suffering from obesity is increasing in rapid pace throughout America, at the same time as, health professionals, government and researchers have been unable to find an applicable solution other than physical activity (Laurel D. Edmunds, Kenneth R. Fox, 2000). As research has shown, "Physical inactivity contributes to 300,000 preventable deaths a year in the United States. Some 40% of deaths in the United States are caused by behavior patterns that could be modified. A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor across the spectrum of preventable diseases that lower the quality of life and kill Americans (Taken from: http://www.fitness.gov/hbpa.html)." Research also reveals, "Poor diet and inactivity can lead to overweight/obesity. Persons who are overweight or obese are at increased risk for high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems and some types of cancer (Taken from: http://www.fitness.gov/hbpa.html)." "
