From the Paper " HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETERS
Introduction
This research paper explores the effectiveness, validity, and reliability for hand-held dynamometers and manual muscle testing for the evaluation of isometric muscle strength in appendicular joints. A comparison between the two methods is then examined.
Topic
The topic for this research paper is a comparison of hand held dynamometers versus manual muscle testing for evaluating voluntary isometric muscle strength in appendicular joints. Literature citings demonstrate efficacy for individual techniques.
Hinderer, hinderer, and Deitz (1986) studied the reliability.."
From the Paper " This research investigates the use of diet and exercise in cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiovascular disease and the resultant heart attacks account for half the deaths in America each year. The traditional medical approach to treatment with angioplasty to clear the blocked arteries and bypass surgery to make new pathways around them are of limited benefit and treat only the result of the prolem, not the cause. This paper looks at non-medical solutions to prevent and rehabilitate cardiovascular problems.
In the United States, more than 40 million people are known to have cardiovascular disease and many more remain undiagnosed (Ornish, 1990, p. 11). Sixty million Americans suffer from high blood pressure and 80 million from high cholesterol levels, both of which are major contributors to the development of.."
Abstract Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women" by Kushi, Folsom, Prineas, Mink, Wu, and Bostick (1996) reports that evidence supports the conclusion that the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) might be important in the development of atherosclerosis and studies indicate that antioxidants may have a role in preventing the development of coronary heart disease. This study provided the opportunity to examine effects of dietary antioxidants related to mortality from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.
From the Paper "ANTIOXIDANTS & HEART DISEASE
Introduction
"Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women" by Kushi, Folsom, Prineas, Mink, Wu, and Bostick (1996) reports that evidence supports the conclusion that the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) might be important in the development of atherosclerosis and studies indicate that antioxidants may have a role in preventing the development of coronary heart disease. This study provided the opportunity to examine effects of dietary antioxidants related to mortality from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.
Oxidized LDL has been found to be present in atherosclerotic plaques and the oxidation of LDL seems to enhance the uptake of ..."
This paper discusses genetic modification of foods, crops plants that are created for human consumption by using modern techniques of molecular biology.
615 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 22.95
Abstract The paper states that the issue of genetic modification of foods is a hotly debated issue The author believes that the greatest potential disadvantages of genetically modified foods are negative effects on human health and especially on the environment. On the other hand the author feels that genetically modified foods can increase the nutritional content and create disease resistance of specific crops.
From the Paper "Genetically modified foods have the potential to have great advantages to society. By developing foods that are resistant to drought or pests, scientists may enable these foods to be grown in areas where they are not traditionally cultivated. This may have an especially significant effect on drought-stricken areas in the third world, where cultivation of commercial crops is difficult due to drought and pests."
Abstract This is a lengthy research paper on how to teach aerobics to middle-aged women. It includes all the benefits, safety concerns, skills, 15 lesson plans and the history of aerobics. The objective of this assignment was to provide background information on aerobics and to create a potential client who would be likely to take the aerobics class.
Table of Contents:
Client Description
Description of Activity
Terminology
Rules
Equipment and Care
Safety Analysis
Warm-up
Skills to be Developed
Novelty Events
Block Plan
Audio Visual Aids
Articles Collected
Lesson plans
Evaluative Measures
Bibliography
Lesson Plans
From the Paper "More specific, the class will learn the basics of high and low intensity step aerobics classes, as well as the components to circuit-training, knowledge of target heart rate, importance of warm-up and cool-down. Each student will have a chance to lead a portion of aerobics to the class. Clients will also need to be able to determine their target heart rate by the end of the first few sessions. Included in each aerobics class will be static stretching in which each participant will learn how to correctly hold a stretch. By the time the end of the set of classes, the goal of the participant will be to gain flexibility and move throughout a greater range of motion."
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to discuss the nutritional needs of the aged. This discussion will involve first an examination of the particular problems the aged have in receiving and maintaining a proper diet, what a proper diet, what a proper diet for the aged consists of, and the steps that can be taken to implement better nutrition. There will follow a general look at some specific health problems of the old and how they can be caused or at least aggravated by poor nutrition and how proper diet might help alleviate them. The research will conclude with an analysis of how nutrition, proper or inadequate, should be a lifetime concern.
Recent estimates by the National Institute of Mental Health put the population of the aged at over twenty million, approximately ten percent of the general population in the United ... "
From the Paper "This paper will discuss the topic of single-cell protein sources. The focus of this report is on how bacteria, algae, yeasts and other single-cell organisms form food proteins from non-food sources such as petroleum. It was once thought that this would help the world food problem by turning non-food resources into protein food sources.
It was during the 1960s that the concept of relieving food shortages in underdeveloped countries by growing single-cell organisms to produce protein from petroleum was most popular. It was during the 1960s that several large oil companies worked out the technology for making this a reality. Basically, the carbon and energy for microorganism growth was provided by the straight-chain hydrocarbon molecules known as alkanes. The microorganisms used were yeasts similar to the food yeasts used on a large scale (...)"
From the Paper " This research developed a marketing plan for the "Apple Jacks" breakfast cereal product produced by the Kellogg Company. "Apple Jacks" is an apple.flavored cereal grain product, which is presugared. In fact, "Apple Jacks" has one of the highest concentrations of sugar of any breakfast cereal product marketed in the United States.
The differential advantages of the product are relative. First, the product has a fruit flavor . apple. For the consumer desiring a fruit flavor without actual fruit, this advantage is real. Second, the product has a high sugar content coating. Presugared cereal products are no longer unique; however, the level of sugar in the coating of this product is higher than that for almost any cereal. This differential advantage can also be a (...)"
From the Paper "Programs of behavior modification are demonstrably effective in promoting weight loss. When the specifics of an individual instance of minor obesity are clearly delineated, a number of different behavioral control methods help in taking weight off and keeping it off. There is wide agreement on the components of a complex self-control program for the management of eating and weight loss (Craighead, Brownell & Horan, 1981). Behavior modification weight-loss programs generally involve forms of contingency management and stimulus control, as well as the more or less direct manipulation of actual eating habits. The program described here includes a combination of techniques that have proven useful in a variety of laboratory studies and clinical trials.
The behavior targeted for control is overeating. The behavior (...)"
This paper is a case study of Mike, 30-year-old overeater: History, intake interview, treatment plan and rationale, behavior modification, self-esteem, Weight Watchers, stimulus control, contingency management and client-therapist dialogue.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, 1990, $ 111.95
From the Paper "Mike, a teacher in his early thirties, came into therapy saying that he was "disgusted and upset" with himself because of his problem with overeating. Almost immediately he spoke of being laughed at by some of the cafeteria workers at the elementary school he had attended. He described himself as functioning "fairly well" at present, but as having little social life away from his wife and five children. Mike claimed to be angry with himself for his failure to abandon his bad eating habits even though he had been able to quit smoking, presumably a more difficult addiction to overcome.
Mike was careful to point out the connection between some of his poor eating behavior and the demands of his life. It is difficult to escape the impression, however, that his claims ... "
This paper discusses anorexia nervosa, an adolescent female disorder resulting in relentless pursuit of thinness: Fear of fatness, refusal to eat, symptoms, causes and treatments.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, 1990, $ 55.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to discuss anorexia nervosa, an adolescent female disorder which includes a relentless pursuit of thinness, fear of obesity and refusal to eat. The paper will feature a definition of the disease, an analysis of the symptoms and causes and discuss treatment of the disease.
Anorexia nervosa is a relatively uncommon but very serious eating disorder that occurs principally in women in the second and third decades of life. The disease is characterized by an extreme and neurotic aversion to food. Medically, the exact cause of this disorder is not known, but he illness apparently has its beginnings in a complex group of psychological problems such as inner conflicts over sexuality, aggression and dependency (which at times border almost on the psychotic) as well as sociological factors not yet clearly understood. The anorexic ... "
From the Paper "There are five bacteria commonly associated with food-borne diseases: Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Bacillus cereus. Some of these bacteria cause what is commonly called food poisoning--that is, they cause illness via toxins produced before the food is eaten. Others cause food infection, making the ingested food a carrier for the microorganisms, which continue to grow in their new host: the human body.
Food-related illnesses can cause severe distress or even death. People with compromised immune systems (as happens with victims of AIDS), the elderly, infants, and other groups at risk face considerable danger from food that is not identified as contaminated or prevented from becoming contaminated. Outbreaks . .. "
From the Paper "Berger reports that a wide variety of food stabilizers, which are also referred to as food additives, have been shown to be detrimental to the functioning of the immune system. In fact, there is evidence that the use of food additives proves toxic to a large number of individuals in developed nations. This is because the more developed a nation is, the more likely it is to produce foods that contain sophisticated and chemically complex, synthesized food additives. Those food additives that have been shown to be toxic to the body include monosodium glutamate (MSG), various food preservatives, food stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavorings, humectants, colorers, and others (Berger, 1985, 100-110).
COMPARISON OF VIEWPOINTS
There are several viewpoints relative to the use of food ..."
From the Paper "There is a great deal of evidence which indicates that a link exists between nutrition and stress. Most researchers agree that diet is important and that it can have either a positive or negative effect on the experience of stress in one's life. Some food items, such as those containing caffeine, increase the stress response in people. By contrast, certain other foods have been found effective in terms of coping with stress. Stress occurs whenever a "stressor" (or threatening stimulus in the environment) causes a "stress response" within the body (Cotton, 1990, p. 29). There are many possible causes of stress; these can be broken down into either psychological factors or physical conditions (Scott, 1989, p. 2466). Physical conditions include not only one's work and home environment, but also the degree to which the individual exercises and maintains a proper diet. In ..."
From the Paper ABSTRACT
This paper presented a review of current research on the eating disorder anorexia nervosa. The review began with an introduction that presented prevalence data and introduced the research purpose. The introduction was followed by an examination of studies on risk factors associated with the disorder. Significant risk factors were said to include demographic, personality, social, cultural, family, and dieting variables. Relationships relevant to each of these sets of variables were delineated.
The variable of family dynamics was said to be especially important and studies specifying the exact dynamics of anoretic families were reviewed. It was also noted that since anorexics are primarily adolescent females, many studies in the current.."
