Abstract The ban on marijuana in the United States began in 1937 with the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act and continued under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The latter delivered a huge blow to the medical field as marijuana was prohibited for medical usage. This paper argues that the legalization and decriminalization of marijuana will help the United States financially and medically, as well as help provide a cleaner environment and more efficient products.
From the Paper "Marijuana helps relieve nausea, vomiting and stimulate appetites for patients dealing with AIDS and cancer. A research at the Medical School at Harvard published research in the New England Journal of Medicine that cannabis is the most efficient anti-nausea medicine available (ctd. in Goddard). Marijuana has also been shown to help control both the spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries, as well as seizures from seizure disorders."
Abstract Doctors and patients alike are faced with ethical dilemmas with regard to several aspects of the cosmetic surgery industry. This paper explores several of these ethical issues, namely, factors in the decision to have elective surgery, deceptive marketing strategies, and bartering professional services for publicity. The analysis for each topic includes research from the professional societies, the general public, and the author's own subjective opinion.
From the Paper "Plastic surgery has a very long history. As early as 1000 B.C.E., the first plastic surgery was reported in India, where a person's nose might be cut off as a form of punishment or, in the case of an adulterous Hindu wife, bitten off by the wronged husband. Procedures, which displayed remarkable similarity to present rhinoplasties, were developed to reconstruct the noses of such errant individuals (Davis 14). Plastic surgery appeared much later on the European continent. In the early fifteenth century, physicians began doing nose surgeries, by using skin flaps taken from the arm. Other forms of plastic surgery began to appear around the early sixteenth century. With the invention of ether and antisepsis, plastic surgery was able to emerge as a full-fledged medical specialty (Davis 15). In the first part of the century, nearly all plastic surgeries were done to alleviate deformities due to disease, birth or mishap; however, in the second half of the century this was no longer the case."
Abstract In his book, "Fast Food Nation", Eric Schlosser shows his distaste for America's fast-food culture, but perhaps more so for the business practices that have allowed fast food to become a way of life. This paper presents examples from Shlosser's book, which highlight the author's point that the fast food industry is wreaking moral, social, and medical havoc in the U.S. and the world. It also examines the author's use of logos and pathos throughout his book.
From the Paper "Schlosser does not use the health effects of food to convince readers that there is something wrong with the food industry, except at the end of the book when he discusses diseases caused by germs in the food, rather than the food itself. But failure to mention such things as the fact that cholesterol found in super-sized burgers can cause heart disease could be considered a rhetorical device. Schlosser assumes that his readers don?t want heart disease, and he assumes they have heard that eating beef tallow might well produce heart disease. In this respect, he is also using ethos: as an award-winning writer for the Atlantic Monthly, he can bank on his reputation in subjects like this one."
Abstract Schlosser's book, "Fast Food Nation", argues that the institution of fast food, originally trumpeted as one of the successes of modern capitalism, was really a triumph of American advertising. It was dependant upon the exploitation of low-paid American workers, usually for part-time and non-benefit-conferring hours, and seduced children into making poor food choices that take them away from wholesome family meals. The paper shows how Schlosser's main point in his book is that fast food was a uniquely American institution, but became something that pulled America apart. The paper also examines Schlosser's use of rhetoric, logic, and pathos in his book.
From the Paper "Schlosser has some respect for the founders of fast food. Like our nation's founding fathers, Schlosser admits Kroc had a vision. Kroc deployed capitalism and freedom to realize that vision in an energetic and individualistic fashion. However, the consequences of untrammeled capitalism and advertising that was attractive to American ideals of convenience, sameness, and product loyalty also created a nightmare for many individuals, particularly those whose health was damaged by the sanitary procedures common at many fast food establishments. Kroc's individualism and enterprise also put many "mom and pop" businesses, out of business."
Abstract The paper explains that some of the critical issues facing Faith Community Hospital, which the hospital needs to address, are basic financial problems; the conflict between the organization's spiritual heritage and values and the ethics of the medical profession; non-compliance with government, managed care, insurance regulations, and non-adherence to hospital operational policies. The author points out that Faith Community Hospital has an organizational management problem, which needs to be thoroughly analyzed rather than tyring to solve the various problems piecemeal. The paper states that, although the mission statement of Faith Community Hospital implies a broad goal of promoting the health and well-being of the people it serves within a framework of spiritual values, it can be inferred that the organization suffers from an absence of clear-cut policies and goals that are specific, measurable, targeted, and time-specific.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Identifying the Key Issues
Organizational Mission, Culture and Processes
Organizational Goals
Defining the Problem
The Mission Statement
The Absence of Clearly Defined Organizational Goals
Alternative Strategies
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Recommendation
Conclusion
Appendix 1: Affinity Diagram
Appendix 2: Fishbone Diagram
From the Paper "The mission statement plays a critical role in setting direction and laying the foundation for the culture and goals of any organization. Indeed, this is clearly expressed in Hyrum Smith's model of instructive goal setting, which is commonly referred to as Smith's ?Success Triangle.? This model places an organization's governing values at the base of the goal setting process and recommends that goals must be linked to specific governing values in order to be meaningful and to help the organization achieve its mission (Parker, 2003). The mission statement of Faith Community Hospital appears to adhere to the strategic principles inherent in Smith's "Success Triangle" to the extent that it clearly emphasizes the organization's commitment to promoting the health and well-being of the people in the communities it serves, using its spiritual heritage and values as the foundation. However, since spiritual values can vary vastly across religions and individual beliefs, Faith's mission statement has led to broad individual interpretations that have, in turn, led to an organizational culture, which allows too much leeway for individual decision-making. This is evident in the anecdotal cases cited by the CEO of doctors independently deciding to either treat patients pro bono or insisting on insurance coverage prior to commencement of treatment; the pharmacist filling prescriptions for uninsured patients; and the inconsistency in adhering to hospital policy in areas such as "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) decisions."
Abstract This paper argues that by glamorizing professional and amateur sports-people and their achievements or abilities, the media directly affects children and encourages performance-enhancing drug use. The paper shows that authorities need to encourage sufficient funding to enable research and provide testing in all regulated sports in order to put fair play back into sports.
From the Paper "According to Tokish, Kocher and Hawkins (2004), there is a "potent marketing influence" on athletes to use performance-enhancing drugs. Whether or not they really work is not important - if there's a possibility that they'll work, that's a good enough reason for many athletes to take them. If by chance they are dangerous to take, and at this point in time the research just does not exist to refute the possibility, that is a chance they will take."
Abstract This paper takes a stand against the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports. The paper covers the legal and moral impact of drug use in sports and it also explains the mental and physical health side effects of taking such drugs.
From the Paper "If you turn on any sports show in today's world of media, you are bound to hear something about the illegal drug use in sports. There are many supporters for both sides of this argument. When it comes down to it, which is right? Is the world being too harsh on drug use in sports? Should more be done to help prevent the spreading drug problem in sports? Performance enhancing drugs in sports is not only legally and morally wrong, but it is also very unhealthy."
Abstract This paper explains that the health care field has developed collaborative practice in which each member of various professions within the health care field, including physicians, nurses, ancillary departments, patients and patient families, works together by sharing knowledge and insights on how to deliver high-quality patient care. The author points out that nursing diagnosis is classified as a language for nursing to standardize its practice, which allows nurses to work towards patient care in a uniform pattern by providing the nurse with a plan and interventions. The paper stresses that the primary difference between nursing diagnosis and collaborative care is that nursing diagnosis is intended for the nursing community solely; whereas, all healthcare fields work together in collaborative care.
Table of Content
Case Study
Collaborative Practice
Obstetric Physician and Nurse
Neonatal Intensive Care Nurse
Patient and Family
Social Worker
Nursing Diagnoses and Collaborative Problems
Nursing Diagnosis
Collaborative Problems
Potential Barriers to Successful Collaboration
Conclusion
From the Paper "Due to the fact that meconium was noted in the amniotic fluid, the LD nurse will collaborate with the NICU nurse at the onset of delivery. The NICU is extensively experienced with more critical issues concerning newborns. Therefore, the NICU nurse will take the first look at the newborn to make sure there are not any indications requiring more specialized care. If needed, the NICU nurse will transport the newborn quickly to the NICU unit. Even though in this situation the presence of the NICU nurse is more precautionary, her presence is important for the safety of the newborn."
Abstract This paper discusses the current nursing shortage in America and analyzes reasons for this trend. The paper explores some of the reasons nurses are leaving the profession, and the reasons others are not entering it. It looks at what nursing schools and hospitals are doing to attract more nurses and nursing students.
From the Paper "The nursing shortage in the United States and throughout the world is reaching staggering proportions Cooper Statistics show that half the nursing workforce will reach retirement age in years adding to the problem. Between and the average age of registered...."
Abstract This paper explains the multiple factors associated with obesity in American children such as environmental, parental and genetics, influence the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. The author points out that many obese children many have eating disorders. The paper is presented from the point of view of a professional psychologist.
From the Paper "There is a significant increase in the incidence of obesity in the American population according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alarmingly, this problem affects more children each day. There are many reasons for this. Among them are diets high in fat, sugar and calories, combined with a sedentary lifestyle among many Americans including children. Marianne Hurst writing for "Education Week" suggests that many overweight children may have eating disorders. This may be the reason of their abnormal weight gain. One of these eating disorders is ..."
Tags: Childhood obesity, causes, cures, role of parents, schools, communities, government, health factors, causes of compulsive overeating
Abstract This paper contends that conventional economics cannot be applied to the modern day health care system because of the complexity of the payment system that has become so vast throughout time. The paper cites examples of this, and further offers solutions to this problem.
From the Paper "Within the health care payment system there are a wide variety of entities that are considered. Patients, providers, insurance companies, and governmental health insurance all play a significant role in the health care payment system. This complex system, therefore, would be difficult to generalize in economic terms because of the vastness of the elements that affect health care every day. William F. Jessee (2003) describes the health care payment system as "multiple combinations of co-payments and deductibles, multiple coverage policies, multiple billing requirements, multiple coding policies, and multiple fee schedules..." (p. 19). This description can be considered in terms of the patient first. Each patient arrives within the health care system with different financial circumstances. Some patients may have insurance through their employment, or HMOs, and PPOS. Other patients may have government health insurance, such as Medicaid, or Medicare."
Abstract Explore the issues surrounding the controversial use of DTC advertising by drug manufacturers. The paper investigates the causes and effects of this new marketing phenomenon in an effort to determine what makes DTC advertising so effective in our society.
From the Paper "The pharmaceutical industry has always relied on marketing and advertising to move drugs from manufacturers? laboratories to consumers? medicine cabinets. From 1938, with passage of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, until the mid 1980s, the industry focused its efforts almost entirely on physicians. Accurately recognizing physicians as their principal customer, drug manufacturers deployed large armies of sales representatives who marched into physicians? offices carrying promotional materials, drug samples, coffee mugs, calendars, "continuing education" dinner invitations and baseball tickets. "
Tags: journalism, magazine, media, television, medicine
Abstract This paper looks at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It explains the nature of this mental illness and discusses the two main theories about how it occurs. Treatment methods and their effectiveness are looked at. The writer concludes that behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment method.
From the Paper "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that traps people in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors and must repeat certain actions over and over to relieve that stress or to obtain from danger. Pierre Janet described obsessive-compulsive disorder by using the term psychasthenia. Sigmund Freud described obsessions and compulsions as psychological defenses used to deal with sexual and aggressive conflicts in the unconscious mind (Bruce Bower: 1987). OCD is also known as ?The Doubting Disease,? because it's as though the mind doesn?t register when the person does a certain action, which triggers the source of the obsession (USA Today:1995). Unlike most people with anxiety disorders, those diagnosed with OCD are more obsessed with what will happen to others instead of themselves (Edna Foa: 1995). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder occurs in a spectrum from mild to severe. At some point the person will see the actions or thoughts as unreasonable and senseless. All people have habits and routines, but what makes obsessive-compulsive people different is the fact that their obsessions and compulsions interfere with their daily lives (American Family Physician: 2000)."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the retail drugstore industry and then focus on Walgreens, the industry leader in terms of sales. As part of the Walgreens analysis, its major competitors (CVS Corporation and Rite Aid Corporation) will also be described and analyzed.
Defining the Industry
Number and Type of Pharmacies
Drugstores
External Forces and Agents
Health Maintenance Organizations
Sales
Growth Strategies
Competitors
Competition
Technology
Demographic Trends
Suppliers / Vendors
Regulation
Managed Care and Pharmacy Benefit Managers
Walgreens - A Company Snapshot
Positive Demographics Should Help Fuel Growth
Walgreens Strategic Response
Differentiation
Focus
Walgreens SWOT Analysis
Competitive Analysis
Rite Aid Corporation
CVS Corporation
Financial Analysis
From the Paper "During the 1990s, many factors were applying downward pressure on the profit margins of retail drug companies', including the rise of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), advances in information technology, the emergence of e-commerce, and economic power concentrated in the hands of large pharmaceutical companies (Global Powers of Retailing, 2000).Companies in the retail drugstore industry are engaged in the retail sale of prescription drugs, proprietary drugs, and nonprescription medications. Many also sell medical devices, as well as a variety of cosmetics, toiletries, tobacco, novelty items, snack-foods, and beverages (Encyclopedia of American Industry)."
Abstract This paper looks at the positive and negative effects of ecstasy on its users. These effects include physical and mental effects in both the short and long term.. By looking at the drug, the author also get into Raves.
From the Paper "When the word "drugs" come to mind the average person usually thinks of the more commonly known drugs as marijuana, LSD, and cocaine, however, MDMA has been increasing in popularity. MDMA's popularity has caused a rise in usage in most cities around the world. Many adolescence conform with their peers in deciding to try and experiment with MDMA. Societies? youth believes that it is a "feel good" drug and that it does not have any negative effects. The drugs effects are supposed to produce feelings of empathy towards others and increase sociability, communication and increased physical and emotional energy. This can make the user feel as though they are taken from a secondary group with their peers to a more personal level of belonging, such as what they may experience in a primary group or in-group."
