Abstract This grant proposal discusses the benefits of creating a program to prevent drug abuse among youths and and proposes an exact allocation of the grant money. The proposal also shows a timeline on how and when the author's department plans on spending the grant money and includes a detailed summary of all the costs involved in this kind of a program. The paper concludes that the overall benefits of this program will result in a noticeable reduction in drug abuse among the teenage population by disrupting the illicit drug trafficking organizations within the community, denying street dealers a customer base, reducing the number of emergency room admissions related to drug abuse and overdose, and establishing a strong anti-drug abuse program within all the schools within the community.
Outline:
Why and Where
How and When
Table: Cost Summary
From the Paper "Our department is committed to establishing, creating, and encouraging anti-drug programs such as D.A.R.E. in our communities at public and private schools, to home-school teachers and students, and to the general public. Our outreach program will start in the communities' schools; since a larger impact is imprinted in elementary, junior high, and high schools. We are committed to reaching out to children, teens, and the general public through flyers, pamphlets, meetings, seminars, and D.A.R.E. hotlines. Lastly, we are dedicated to inform children and teens of the dangers of drugs, gangs, and violence (encourage community policing); in addition to encouraging teachers, parents, and students to attend the 21st Annual D.A.R.E. International Training Conference in San Antonio, Texas on August 12-14, 2008 at The Alamo. The training conference teaches officials, schools, teachers, parents, and students on how to be leaders of the war on drugs in order to save the people."
Abstract This paper clarifies the differences between conventional and alternative medicine. The paper first discusses why people in certain cultures opt to use alternative medicine rather then conventional, and then looks at the advantages of alternative medicine and what we can learn from it. Additionally, the paper looks at why a majority of practitioners are now utilizing what can be called contemporary medicine.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper "The method used by Astin (1998) for testing were mail surveys that gathered information on use of alternative health care, perceived benefits and risks of these therapies, health beliefs and attitudes, views toward and experiences with conventional medicine, political beliefs, and worldview. The results were that relief of symptoms is the main benefit reported a central finding is that users of alternative health care are no more dissatisfied with or distrustful of conventional care than nonusers are (Astin, 1998). Second, the results can help identify and clarify prevailing cultural conceptions about and attitudes toward health and illness and examine the degree to which the growing interest in alternative medicine may represent a type of cultural paradigm shift regarding health beliefs and practices."
Abstract This paper explains that Native Americans disproportionately have a greater occurrence of mental health and substance use disorders than the population as a whole. The author relates that the U.S. government's policy of expansion, containment and non-sanctioned genocide in the 1880s has manifested itself in the Native-American population as poverty, alienation from mainstream public services and education, increased risk for medical and psychological conditions and a fractured sense of tribal and family cohesiveness. The paper points out that alcohol dependence combined with major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder are the most prevalent co-occurring disorders. The author reports that the evolving standard treatment method for Native-American clients is integrated mental health and addiction services using motivational interviewing, which is especially compatible with Native-American values.
From the Paper "Because Native Americans have a long, rich cultural heritage strikingly different from the mainstream of America, and because Native America is segmented into hundreds of tribes, many of which with their own unique cultural systems, providing adequate mental health and chemical dependency services in a culturally sensitive manner is difficult. This very issue serves as a barrier to treatment and outcomes, especially for individuals living off reservations where local community support and tribal customs are not present. Even on reservations, community support is inadequate as funding for mental health services through the Indian Health Services entitlement is woefully under-funded."
Abstract The paper explains Dorothy Orem's self-care theory that nurses are needed to supply care when the patients are unable to provide this same care for themselves. The paper describes, analyzes and evaluates this theory and concludes that Orem's theory leads to improved communication, enhances uniformity in care delivery and provides a common ground for goals and outcomes of nursing.
Outline:
Introduction
Theory Description
Theory Analysis
Theory Evaluation
From the Paper "Nursing models are used to encompass a body of knowledge that guides nursing practice, like the medicine woman of a tribe. The knowledge is obtained from several different sources being from experiments, a formal source, or a non-nursing source. Theories are often difficult to pin point because nursing is vastly different for different people. However, all nursing models aid to assess a patient's basic needs and formulating effective care. There are several nursing theory models, most having evolved in the last 20 years, one being founded by Dorothea Elizabeth Orem. Orem was a nursing theorist from Maryland who founded the Orem model of nursing or Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that an educational needs assessment identifies the gaps between the knowledge, skills and abilities or competencies people have and those they need to do their work. The writer then discusses a needs assessment that was conducted on registered nurses working for Winthrop University Hospital, on a combined general and intensive care pediatric unit. The writer concludes that a need for mock codes on the pediatric unit at Winthrop Hospital was identified. Direct observation and informal interviews confirmed this need. The writer maintains that there are institutional forces both in favor and acting against this idea and it must meet the approval of those in a certain chain of command within Winthrop's nursing and education departments. The writer concludes that this project will prove beneficial to all those who participate.
Outline:
Introduction
Institution
Sample
Data and Analysis
Institutional Forces
Conclusion
From the Paper "A select sample of six registered nurses, one of whom is an assistant nurse manager, from the pediatric unit was chosen. These six were chosen to be the representative sample of thirty full time registered nurses, two nursing educators and three nursing managers. Of these six, four are new graduates, recently hired for the unit, one is a staff member of seven years who deals strictly with general pediatrics and one is a manager who functioned as a staff nurse for twelve years in both the general pediatric and pediatric critical care setting. After the sample had been chosen, data was collected and analyzed regarding the educational needs of the unit."
From the Paper For some people burial in the ground is repugnant. They do not want to "rot in the grave", they want to live longer and enjoy life. Cryonics could be the answer for these people. Cryonics is the technology of freezing a person to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, -320 degrees F, in a cryogenic capsule to be resurrected in the future. Even though cryonics has not yet been perfected, it will be.
An argument which shows that Needle Exchange Programs reduce the spread of HIV without increasing either the injection of illegal drugs among drug addicts or the number of new initiates to injection drug use.
1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, 1999, $ 45.95
From the Paper "AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is one of the leading killers in the United States of America. HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) attacks and destroys white blood cells while weakening the body's immune system, making it susceptible to common infections and diseases. HIV, which eventually leads to AIDS, is passed through the exchange of blood or semen. There is no cure for AIDS at this time. People that are diagnosed with AIDS are affected for life. AIDS can also be transmitted through needle sharing used by heroin and other drug addicts. By sharing needles, drug addicts have a high risk of passing blood left on the needles from the previous user that might contain the HIV virus. This has made drug addicts one of the fastest?growing groups suffering from HIV infection and AIDS (Siegel 24). Injection of illegal drugs has become a primary source of new HIV infection in the country. AIDS has devastated addicts who inject drugs, due to the high risk of needle contamination and HIV infection. One way to decrease the speed, in which the disease spreads, is to give addicts clean needles in exchange for used ones that can be contaminated. This is the main goal of needle exchange programs. Needle exchange programs reduce the spread of HIV without increasing either the injection of illegal drugs among drug addicts or the number of new initiates to injection drug use."
Abstract This paper discusses the elements uses, abundance, discovery, atomic mass and characteristics of potassium, as well as some common forms and how the body uses it.
From the Paper "Cervical cancer is a very large pubic health problem. It is the third most prevalent gynecological cancer that especially threatens women who are over 30 years old and who have children (Grohs et al, 1994, p. 97). Cervical cancer is a problem for this target population, and as a result, illness in these females impacts the community because of their loss of work time, their inability to perform their occupations, and their inability to care for their families. The financial burden of cervical cancer also impacts the family, the community, and the United States as a whole because this disease is associated with high health costs. Poor women or those without insurance use tax dollars to finance their treatment via county hospitals, Medicare, or Medicaid. If there is no public health program that will give the a woman treatment, if she has no insurance, or if she cannot pay for her treatment, then it is most likely that she will die as a result of the advance of the disease."
Abstract This paper looks at the invention of cochlear implants, which mimic the functioning of the inner ear. The paper explains how it works, its history, and the effectiveness and problems with the operations. Issues are discussed, including the deaf community's fears that the devices will destroy "deaf culture". Benefits and problems with the implants are looked at as well.
From the Paper "An implant mimics the functioning of the cochlea, a seashell-shaped organ in the inner ear lined with 30,000 hair cells. In a normal cochlea, the hair cells turn sound into impulses that are sent to the brain where they are interpreted as speech, music, or other auditory information about the world. In most deaf persons, auditory nerve fibers are intact, but the mechanism to receive the information through the hair cells is absent. Thus, regular hearing aids are ineffective as they typically only boost the amplitude of sound input. The cochlear implant is a wire that replaces a person's missing hair cells ? it wraps inside the cochlea and, attached to a small external computer typically worn on the person's belt, also translates sound into impulses sent to a transmitter that relays it back to the implant, that relays it to the brain. At this time, only one implant is being done per person, as developers of the device have not perfected how to coordinate the operation of two implants to provide accurate information relay to the brain."
Abstract A descriptive essay about the effects of Alzheimer's Disease and how to best treat the patients. The author discusses the mental, behavioral and emotional difficulties experienced by carriers of the disease, exposing the roles to be played by the caretakers.
From the Paper "Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive disease affecting an estimated 4 million people in the United States. According to GW Small in a consensus view on Alzheimer's Disease, ?between 6% and 8% of all persons over 65 have the disease.?(1) Caring for a parent with Alzheimer's Disease can be one of the most challenging positions a person can experience. The person who was once the primary caregiver is now dependent on the child as their caregiver. Although the caregiver still loves this parent, she begins to dislike and resent the person her parent has become. The behavior changes associated with Alzheimer's Disease can cause embarrassment and anger at the parent's behavior. This confusion in emotions can cause much anguish for the caregiver. The immediate family will also be affected by Alzheimer's Disease as well. Children and spouses may feel neglected because they?re not receiving the caregiver's full attention. The caregiver should prepare herself by knowing what the impaired person can and cannot do and anticipating problems by planning ahead. The caregiver should also know where to go for help. Family or another means of support become a necessity. Alzheimer's Disease is a debilitating disease that can rob not only the quality of life from the victim, but the caregiver as well. Knowing what to expect and how to respond will help the caregiver function successfully in her role."
Tags: sick, ill, old, elder, care, patient, hospital, mental, emotional, slow, behavior, doctor
A persuasive paper describing the popular uneasiness revolving around genetic engineering. The paper provides counter examples to argue that genetic engineering causes more good than harm and that genetic engineering will lead society into the future.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 15 sources, 2001, $ 59.95
Abstract This paper examines the harmful effects of cell phones. Backing statements up with facts, the author tries to prove that these ubiquitous little devices are, indeed, quite dangerous.
From the Paper "Cell phones, are suddenly being thought of as the cause for many health effects. Many cell phone industries, research teams, and government laboratories are conducting experiments to see whether or not cell phones are hazardous to human health. Cell phones are extensively popular and a much needed item. Almost every working individual uses a cell phone."
Abstract An analysis of PTSD, post traumatic stress disorder in Holocaust survivors. The author investigates the type of war-related stress experienced by Holocaust survivors including a diagnosis and assessment of this disease.
From the Paper "The atrocities surrounding the events known as the Holocaust are well documented. It is also well known that over 6 million Jews were executed during World War II. What became of the survivors, though, and how do they deal with their memories? By exploring the effects of the Holocaust on the people who were involved, one may also discover how to deal with the pain caused by their long-term suffering and severe trauma. The central goal of this work is to provide information on war-related traumatic stress, particularly in diagnosis, assessment, and forensic psychology."
Abstract This paper looks at all that is involved when changing genders. The author looks at both the surgical procedures along with the psychological implications. Detailed discussion of the surgical procedure is included -- and we therefore warn anyone before purchasing this paper that graphic accounts are given.
From the Paper "Transsexualism is defined in the Mosby's Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary as "a condition in which a person has an intense desire to discard one's biologic sex and live as a member of the opposite sex. It is considered a psychiatric disorder if the condition continues for more than 2 years. Some transsexual individuals crossdress and seek medical or surgical help to change their physical sex characteristics". Transexualism is marked by the belief of the individual that he or she was born into the wrong sex and should be the other. This is a conviction that usually dates back as far as the individual can remember and does not seem to be subject to change through life experiences. It can also be defined as extreme gender dysphoria. There is also a set of terminology created by the transgendered community that is now being adopted by the medical community. For example, a femisexual is a transsexual who crosses the gender barriers from male to female, having completed genital surgery whereas a mascusexual is a female-to-male transsexual who has completed genital surgery. Complisexual is a broad term to refer to individuals who are either femisexual or mascusexual. Treatment of transsexualism is aimed at helping the individual match their "inner sense" to their outward appearance and body, usually through hormone therapy and surgery. There are several theories as to what causes one to be a transsexual. Some are neurobiological while many older ones are psychosocial."
