Abstract This paper deals with the ethical and moral dilemmas of researchers and scientists when conducting their research on their fellow man. Discussed are certain issues such as blame and responsibility. Key cases such as the Tuskegee Syphilis experiments and the Milgram study are discussed.
From the Paper "When it comes to understanding human relations this can become even more complex and involved due to the involvement of intangible emotions and the aspects of inaccuracies that any study will contain due to the nature if the subject. One of the problems of this type of research is the ethical implications which may or may not be present in many of the research projects undertaken."
Abstract This paper examines how both anorexia and obesity are products of how teens see themselves. The author looks at why adolescents turn to "comfort food": carbohydrates, fats and sugar, plus how unrealistic body images of females in the media lead to anorexia and/or bulimia in mostly female teens. The paper provides tips on how to boost adolescents' self-esteem.
From the Paper "The problems pertaining to weight control and self-image in teenagers now extends to two completely opposite ends of the dietary spectrum. While some adolescents struggle with obesity primarily due to the American diet of refined sugars, carbohydrates and fried fast foods, others struggle to survive as the result of a self-induced state of starvation known as ?anorexia nervosa.? Both situations can have fatal results."
Abstract This paper analyzes and examines the coronary risks associated with obesity. It includes some of the most common life-threatening diseases caused by obesity. It outlines and details the coronary risks associated with obesity. Finally, it concludes with recommendations for reducing both obesity and coronary risks.
From the Paper "Eating healthy is one of the most important, yet frequently overlooked aspects in life. Research indicates that four of the leading causes of death in the United States are linked to diet, namely cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Taken cumulatively, diet-related health conditions cost society about $250 billion annually in lost productivity and medical costs. In addition, studies have indicated that thirty to forty percent of deaths due to cancer may be prevented if individuals would choose a healthful diet and engage in physical activity. Despite these facts, many individuals either refuse to or are unable to engage in proper eating and exercise habits as recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture."
Abstract An overview of anabolic steroids is presented in this paper. Firstly a brief history, followed by statistics for the people using them. The writer then examines why people take steroids and what the effects are for men and women separately. It concludes with the treatment for steroids.
From the Paper "Anabolic steroids is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormone. They promote the growth of skeletal muscle and the development of male characteristics. They have been around for decades, but in the last ten to fifteen years the research on the effects of this drug has increased. The side effects were not known when the drug first came out, but they are becoming more and more prevalent through recent research. Many new side effects are being discovered and it is likely many more side effects are yet to be discovered. Males and females have different side effects to deal with, but all of them are harmful. Anabolic steroids are a growing concern throughout the world (Yesalis, 68)."
Abstract A discussion of the recent problem of mandatory overtime, the legislation and its effects on the worker. The essay is a two-article complementary critique on eliminating the unsafe working practice of mandatory overtime.
From the Paper "Nurses are becoming tired and overworked! As an Emergency Room RN , I can sympathize with the emerging nursing shortage. Mandatory overtime is becoming commonplace, and it is unsafe. In Mandatory Overtime-when enough is enough, M. O?Leary looks at why the nursing profession is not treated like other jobs that deal with the responsibility of human lives. ?When pilots fly, they do not have to work unsafe overtime because lives are in their hands. Semi- truck drivers also do not have to work unsafe overtime because lives are in their hands.? (O?Leary, 2000) Now, the mandatory overtime discussed is not the type when a nurse needs to stay later and catch up on charting. We all know it gets busy. This overtime is the type that employers require one to stay for a set number of hours after their regular hours have already been worked. ?As a result we must take additional actions in order to protect nurses from being forced into unsafe staffing environments by the growing risk of unsafe overtime.? (O?Leary, 2000)"
Abstract The following paper examines the statistics and research on Spina Bifida, a dreadful and complicated disease that approximately 1,500 infants are born with each year. The writer also discusses the way in which this disease affects each child differently, as well as examines treatments and solutions available.
From the Paper "Spina Bifida is a spinal condition in which one or more of an infant's vertebrae do not properly form, leaving an opening at the base of the spinal cord which can cause serious damage to the central nervous system. The result is often paralysis or mental retardation (Sandler, 1997). Spina Bifida comes from the Latin words for "split spine". It is a congenital disorder, but it is usually an isolated one, meaning that usually only one child from the same biological parents will be affected. This causes many experts to believe that the disorder results from both genetic and environmental factors (Sandler, 1997).
"Types and Causes of Spina Bifida: There are currently three recognized types of spina bifida; The first is Occulta, in which the outer area of the vertebrae is not completely joined. Spina bifida occulta literally means a hidden split in the spine. It is hidden because the deformity of the spine and any associated abnormalities are covered by the skin. This is the least serious but most common type of the disorder."
Abstract This paper attempts to educate the reader about the four major classes of drugs. Physical and emotional reactions to the various drugs will be discussed. A discussion on government regulations regarding drug use and mandatory screening are also described. The reader is challenged to take a position regarding mandatory drug testing of individuals employed in the aviation field.
From the Paper "When one thinks about substance abuse, one normally thinks about drugs such as alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. We can go on forever. Drugs are classified into four categories: stimulants, depressants, psychedelics, and inhalants. Each of these different types of drugs causes different effects on the human body. The average person can think of a neighbor, friend, or family member who is a substance abuser. It seems that he or she rarely stops and thinks about what drugs and other chemicals can do to our body. Think about how they can impair the proper judgement of an airline pilot, flight crew, aircraft mechanics. Drug abuse onboard an aircraft can result in serious injury or death in both the user and innocent passengers."
Tags: drugs, workplace, abuse, aviation, substanceflight, crew, testing, government
Abstract This paper concludes that the Adaptation Nursing Model can touch the innermost only of the healthy and curably ill patients.
Table of Contents
The Life History of Sister Callista Roy
A Clinical Scenario
The Nursing Process According to the Roy Adaptation Model
Strengths and Weaknesses
Conclusions
From the Paper "Her Adaptation Model had spread far and wide by 1981 and she and her colleagues started giving consultations to other schools on it. Many schools adapted it and soon she was a speaker through the Continent and in other countries. Her other ensuing engagements include a two-year postdoctoral program in Neuroscience Nursing at the University of California at San Francisco where she developed the concept of a holistic person. (Office of the Nurse Theorist); teaching at the graduate level at the same University and at Boston College.; co-chairing Knowledge Conferences hosted by the Boston College School of Nursing from 1996 to 1998 and from 2000 to 2001; and progressively expanding and upgrading her Model. "
Abstract A definition of nutrition is provided and an examination of the factors which influence healthy eating and good nutrition. The paper also looks at the different food elements and their nutritional values. The health benefits of good nutrition is also examined - physical and mental health. Long term health effects are also mentioned relating to one's diet and physical exercise routine.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. What is Nutrition?
B. Good Nutrition
C. Important Food Elements
II. NUTRITION FOR A HEALTHY MIND AND BODY
A. Benefits of Good Nutrition
B. Nutrition for a Healthy Body
C. Nutrition for a Healthy Mind
D. Nutrition for the Future
III. CONCLUSION
From the Paper "The most basic definition of nutrition is ?the science of how food nourishes the body". (Null) Still, nutrition is a very broad and complex subject. The food we eat must go through many changes before our bodies can use it for nutrition. Nutrition includes the physical act of eating, digesting and absorbing nutrients.
"Nutrition is the process that living things take in food and use it. Plants can be nourished by air, water and sunshine. But human beings have much more complicated needs. Our nutrition may be good or poor, depending on the food we eat."
This paper reviews recent research on alcohol and drug abuse and addiction in attempt to identify the factors that make individuals vulnerable to addiction.
Abstract After an extensive review of the research, the author concludes that social, familial and genetic factors are intertwined; no one factor can be said to cause addiction. The author continues that it may not always be reasonable to blame completely the addicted person for his situation.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Role of Family
Genetics and Addiction
Addiction and Personal Responsibility
From the Paper "Not every person who experiments with drugs becomes addicted any more than every person who has a drink becomes an alcoholic. Both Tani and Oxford found that the young person's peer group made a significant difference. Young people whose friends used drugs were more likely to use drugs, while those whose friends did not were less likely to use them. Tani (2001) found in her review of the research that the peer group influenced extended use of drugs, thus increasing the risk of dependence or addiction."
Abstract This paper argues for the rights of consumers to know which food products they purchase have been genetically engineered. The writer first explains this concept and examines the potential health hazards that people are afraid of when buying such foods. It also looks at opinion of the food producer who is against such labeling due to unbiased fears amongst the consumer population. The paper also addresses the benefits of bio-engineering in certain fields which helps the production process of many food-groups.
From the Paper "In the twenty-first century, with all the pressing issues at hand, there is bound to be controversy and disagreement. There are many important issues, which face the world today, issues like abortion, the death penalty, gun control, censorship, women in combat and even genetically engineered food. With all the modern scientific advances we are making now, especially in the United States there are positive effects as well as negative effects. Genetically engineered foods are very controversial because there are just as many experts who say they are safe as there are experts who say they are unsafe. In the United States about two thirds of all produce on supermarket shelves is genetically engineered; now the problem we, as a nation, face is awareness. Our most relevant issue is whether it should be required to label these unnatural, possibly unsafe foods. And, the answer is yes; the public has a right to know what they are eating and choose whether they want to eat genetically engineered foods, mainly produce."
Abstract The paper states that a correct assessment of moral and situational considerations in nursing largely depends on the nurse? own empathy and plays a critical role in minimizing moral conflicts in the handling of both the patient and the patient's family. The author focuses on patients facing serious or terminal illnesses. The paper states that, even under distressing work conditions, the code of ethics has no room for negative personal emotions that may lead to patient distress.
From the Paper "Nortvedt, too, puts forth the irrefutable argument that a correct assessment of moral and situational considerations in nursing largely depends on the individual's own empathic, emotionally rooted faculties. Nortvedt based his theory on the basis that an individual's feelings, founded on empathy, plays a critical role in minimizing moral conflicts in the handling of both the patient and the patient's family."
Abstract The process of surrogate motherhood involves a third party carrying a child for a couple, a single women, or persons involved in same sex relationships. This paper gives a personal opinion of why it is ethically wrong by examining literature both for and against surrogacy. It discusses such issues as bonding and separation and the key issue of breastfeeding, why surrogate mothers are not allowed to breastfeed.
From the Paper "Opponents of surrogacy argue that the surrogacy process creates a separation in the mind of the surrogate mother that she must have the child but not raise the child. Thus surrogacy creates a situation in which a child is created for the purpose of fulfilling the desires of the adoptive parents. The Humanist writes: "To sanction the use and treatment of human beings to the achievement of other goals instead of as ends in themselves is to accept an ethic with a tragic past and to establish a precedent with a dangerous future." (Pyton 2001)"
Abstract This paper addresses major concerns surrounding fraudulent billing practices in the healthcare industry including: What types of fraud take place and by whom? Is the system itself, those who use it, or both at fault? Who are the real victims? What is being done to curb fraudulent practices? What are the most effective methods of prevention? It covers perhaps the most important question: Is America ready to embrace more innovative approaches that will allow people to regain control of their healthcare choices, rather than deferring to third parties and the federal government?
From the Paper "A primary reason why health care costs have escalated so quickly in recent years is the quick change from a cost reimbursement system to a capitation system. Until the early 1980's, doctors and health care providers were reimbursed on a cost basis for whatever work they did for a patient, whether this be by an HMO (if the patient had employer-based or individual insurance) or by the government (if the patient had public insurance.) This system obviously leaves the doctors with no incentive to keep costs at a minimum."
Tags: care, double, Inspector, General, Medicare, Medicaid
From the Paper "On a national level, several trends have emerged which affect emergency management, and which emphasize the importance of fire inspections as a pre-planning tool. There has been, for example, a shift from a federal to a local focus. This has resulted from cutbacks at the federal level. While state and local governments are not necessarily equipped to fill all of the gaps left by these cutbacks, there has been an increase in the level of effectiveness of the state and local emergency management services. There has also been a shift in demographics. As the nation ages, the elderly are settling in areas which have traditionally been sparsely populated, and which now must cater to a population with higher than normal emergency needs. In addition, the increasingly litigious environment means that emergency managers ..."
