From the Paper "Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, organization and analysis of numerical data the application of this information to make informed decisions in a variety of applications. Statistical results may be used to forecast business trends, define the extent of prevailing opinion throughout a given population, changes in availability of resources or assets, and provide quantifiable answers to questions in almost every type of business, social or political area. (Encarta) Professor Edwards of the Andover Theological Seminary defined statistics as ?the ascertaining and bringing together of those facts which are fitted to illustrate the conditions and prospects of society."
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the nonfiction book How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell Huff. The plan of the research will be to set forth the main ideas of the book as a chapter-by-chapter summary of the important ideas, including examples of misleading uses of statistics of the type presented.
The Sample with the Built-In Bias. Statistical measurement begins with assembling a credible sample of respondents on which to base conclusions that can be generalized from the sample to the population. There are two factors to consider: whether the respondents are truly representative of what is being measured, and whether the respondents tell the truth when they are asked questions. Both features of a sample may contribute to bias in the reporting of information. Huff cites a survey in which voters in 1936 were asked over the phone predict election ..."
Abstract This paper explains how if it were not for Albert Einstein the world would be a lot different today as his discoveries and theories lead the way for physicists.
From the Paper "When ever the phrase great mind or genius is mentioned usually one name comes to mind, and this name is Albert Einstein. This is so, because Einstein may very well have been the greatest mind of the twentieth century. Einstein revolutionized modern scientific thinking and was a master of physics and mathematics. From an early age Einstein showed skills and interests rare among others his age. From the beginning Einstein was destined for something special."
Abstract This paper examines why it is necessary to learn algebra. It shows its everyday uses and importance. It uses some basic examples such as calculating the miles per gallon of a car, and solving a calendar riddle.
From the paper:
"Algebra is simply the branch of mathematics in which the operations and procedures of addition and multiplication are applied to variables rather than specific numbers. It is also probably the subject about which schoolchildren are most likely to ask the question: What good will this ever do me when I get out of school. This paper puts forth three different answers to that eternal question of what good will algebra do me?"
Abstract This paper details how Galileo Galilei affected history by discovering the potential of the telescope, pioneering new approaches to science, and challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.
From the Paper "Galileo Galilei was a mathematician, an astronomer, and a physicist who made several significant contributions to modern scientific thought. During his life, he made many scientific discoveries, often in contradiction with the centuries-old ideas of the Greek philosopher Aristotle. These contradictions led to great conflict with the Catholic Church; however, he emerged as a symbol to others who oppose unyielding authority and champion scientific progress. As James Reston's biography Galileo makes clear, Galileo is a historical figure who affected history by discovering the potential of the telescope, pioneering new approaches to science, and challenging the authority of the Catholic Church."
Abstract A short history of the great Greek mathematicians. Amongst those discussed are Pythagoras, Zeno, Euclid, Hippocrates, and Thales. This essay is a brief overview of their major contributions to modern mathematics.
Abstract This paper briefly gives a background of Pierre de Fermat and states this famous theorem - FLT. It looks at a few working examples of problems related to the theorem and how mathematicians think that they have finally solved them.
From the Paper "Pierre de Fermat was born near Montauban in 1601. He was born in a family reared by a leather-merchant who was his father and was educated at home. He was essentially a lawyer and was an amateur mathematician. Throughout his life, Fermat published only one mathematical paper, which was written anonymously and appeared as an appendix to a book. He died in 1655. (Ball) Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) has been one of the most fascinating theorems in mathematics. This theorem has been one the great, unsolved problems in this field for three hundred and fifty some years. Some experts believe, however, that the problem has been solved."
Abstract This paper offers a biographical look at Pythagoras. The author discusses the many mysteries surrounding this man, in addition to his many contributions to mankind. Included are some explanations of some Pythagorean theorems, with pictures to highlight textual information.
From the Paper "Numbers play a large part in our everyday lives, from the time we get up, how long we cook our food, the distances we travel, and other such aspects, many of which we take for granted. A scholar who played a large part in the way we view certain numbers and objects people use regularly is Pythagoras. Pythagoras was a philosopher, medical practitioner, astronomer, and mathematician. Although he contributed many thoughts and ideas to society, such as those of the Pythagorean Society, the Pythagorean Theory is by far the most practiced and well-known."
From the Paper "This research examines an application of the statistical procedures of correlation and regression analysis. The initial part of the examination describes correlation and regression procedures, and illustrates the use of the procedures in an application. Following the description and illustration, the accuracy and appropriateness of the application is discussed.
Description of the Procedure, and An Illustration of the Use of the Procedure in An Application
Correlation and regression procedures are described in this section. This description is followed by an illustration of the use of the procedures in an application."
Abstract This paper gives a summary of the history of modern geometry, from ancient Greece to the present, including a discussion of the significance of Euclid's first five postulates, emphasizing the fifth (Parallel Postulate) and how it relates to the Hyperbolic Geometry.
From the Paper "Many great philosophers and mathematicians worked on the study of geometry. Euclid was perhaps the most famous of these. Almost nothing is known about his life, but his famous work ,"Elements" (ca. 300 BCE) remains one of the most widely read and copied texts to this day. He gathered all of the geometrical knowledge of his time and arranged it in a logical format. (36, Levine) What distinguishes "Elements" from other works is the use of proof throughout. As far as is known, Euclid was the first person to attempt such a task. He used the Axiomatic Method to prove the correctness of the statements put forth in "Elements""
Abstract The following paper analyzes the process of adding binary numbers by making reference to an addition algorithm as an example of this process. Background information to binaries is included.
From the paper:
?The binary number system was based on the decimal system, but uses only two digits, 1 and 0, instead of the 10 digits used by the decimal system. The system was developed for computer systems because they are more economical and precise when writing code. All digital computers use binary as their primary code. Each binary digit represents either "on" or "off" to the computer.?
Examines the inter-relations between music and mathematics. Discusses the theory and philosophy of music and focuses on the mathematical foundations of such composers as Mozart, Schoenberg, and Cage.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, 1995, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Music and mathematics are closely linked, and musical rhythm serves as an example of the practical use of different mathematical principles. It has recently been noted in fact that the mathematical regularity of certain music, such as that of Mozart, can be a spur to clearer thinking, at least for a short period of time after listening to a piece of music. Music has a psychological effect that is partly explained by its mathematical regularity, seen in the way music is divided into regular bars, beats, and different note lengths. Psychologists have discovered the importance of patterns in music and in aspects of human behavior. Music satisfies certain human needs for order and rhythm, and mathematics both explains and empowers this process.
Edward Rothstein writes about the relationship between music ..."
Abstract This paper discusses what makes Albert Einstein a hero. The writer claims that according to the definitions in Webster's Dictionary, Einstein was indeed a hero of the world community. The paper gives examples from the life and work of Albert Einstein to show that, unlike heroes of legend, Einstein was a modern hero.
From the Paper "Because of the anti-semitism he experienced and his dislike of the German military character, Einstein renounced his German citizenship in 1896 and was granted Swiss citizenship in 1901. He attended college in Zurich graduating in 1900 as a teacher of mathematics. In 1905 he earned a doctorate from the University of Zurich. It was also in 1905 that he wrote his revolutionary paper on the special theory of relativity. By 1909 he was recognized as a leading scientific thinker. In 1914 he returned to Germany to take up a prestigious research post. Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 not for his theory of relativity but for his work on the photoelectric effect. He accepted a post at Princeton University and came to the United States in 1932, becoming a citizen in 1940 (Mathematicians/Einstein)."
Tags: mathematics, legend, science, research, Nobel
Abstract This paper defines qualitative methods and quantitative methods. The author differentiates their uses. The paper assesses their suitability for use in human relations studies.
From the Paper "Research data may be evaluated through the application of either quantitative or qualitative analytical procedures. Quantitative approaches are more easily defined than are qualitative procedures because qualitative research may refer to either the way data are measured or the way such data are evaluated. A quantitative variable is one than can be measured numerically such as annual income. Quantitative data are produced by ordinal interval and ratio scales; while qualitative data are produced by nominal scales. Quantitative data ..."
