The paper examines in depth the poety of LawrenceFerlinghetti, father of the Beat generation, by exploring concepts of Art, Place, and Sociopolitics in the poetry.
Abstract This paper discusses LawrenceFerlinghetti, one of the main cultural architects to draft a visionary blueprint for a new, stable world order, as expressed through art. This paper reviews in detail poetry that covers the Twentieth Century.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Art
Technique
Graphic Form
Ferlinghetti's Relationship to and Influence on other Poets
Place
The General Need for Coherence
Levels of Geographic Specificity
Country Names
City Names
Street Names
Personal Hangouts
The Noun Phrase
Sociopolitical Concerns
Communal Stability
Oppression of Other Cultures
The Environment and Animal Rights
Freedom of Expression
The Need for Communication
From the Paper "Lawrence Ferlinghetti's belief that the old world has been replaced by a
new one is made clear in his title of his first book, "Pictures of the Gone World". The description of the world of the past as "gone" indicates Ferlinghetti's belief that an irreconcilable break with the world of the past has occurred, rendering the old world pictures incapable of describing present reality. From this, it follows that the world needs to be viewed anew with a fresh eye and redescribed. However, this does not mean that elements of the gone world cannot be adapted into the new reality."
Abstract This paper analyzes LawrenceFerlinghetti's poem, "Constantly Risking Absurdity", noting that the simile used in the poem, 'the poet is like an acrobat', emphasizes that the whole poem is a metaphor comparing a poet to an acrobat. The paper then goes on to discuss various elements of the poem including the use of free verse, and irregular words and sounds across the verses. The paper also notes that the poem uses short lines and that it is a challenge to read. The paper explains that this challenge relates to the theme of the poem and is similar to the process of writing a poem.
From the Paper "The poet-figure is characterised throughout the poem. As the acrobat performs his tricks we discover the similarities between the poet and him. The line 'climbs on rhyme' expresses how a poet uses rhyme to link his lines as he climbs down the poem, while an acrobat climbs a ladder to perform his tricks. The poet-figure is 'balancing on eyebeams'. The poet and the acrobat rely on their audience's recognition. The audience's gaze keeps the acrobat in the air and the poet's admires keeps his spirits high. The line 'paces his way' emphasises how cautious poets and acrobats need to be in their professions. An acrobat has to pace himself as he crosses the tightrope and a poet can definitely not rush through the poetry process."
Abstract The paper contends that although not commonly thought as true, Ernest Hemingway and D.H. Lawrence resolve gender issues as being one of equality. The paper refers to Hemingway's "A Farewell to Arms" and Lawrence's "Lady Chatterly's Lover" for examples.
From the Paper "Some authors like John Steinbeck have found that while a work is in progress it is useful not only to make a journal of its development, but also it is advantageous to discuss the piece as it takes life. Such was the case when Steinbeck wrote "East of Eden" and then later published "Journal of a Novel; the East of Eden Letters." However, a common belief among some of Steinbeck's contemporaries is that this is something that you do not do."
Tags: A Farewell to Arms, Lady Chatterley's Lover, The Paris Review, Hemingway, Lawrence, gender equality
Abstract This paper address the poetical style of D.H Lawrence from his early work up to his death. It discusses the usage of style, subject matter, and poetical maturation, both independently and as a reflection of his life.
From the Paper "To me, the earth rolls ponderously, superbly Coming my way without forethought or afterthought. To me, men's footfalls fall with a dull, soft rumble, ominous and lovely, Coming my way. ( "Revolutionary" 40-44) These lines, written by D. H Lawrence, are an excerpt from his life, as was most of his work. Lawrence was in love with the world, with the mystic reality, the language of true inspiration. Born before the turn of the century, Lawrence was the son of a coal-mining father and a middle class mother. One of four, he was always more interested in the arts than playing with the other boys. He didn?t begin writing until age twenty but it only took four years until he was published by Ford Maddox Hueffer in the English Review (Malmude 67). His poetic works follow closely in the veins of his own experiences, growing and changing with him. He was obsessed with "mysticism, lore, dark urges and sexuality" (Smart 5136). A brutal objectivity and an almost circular description pattern offer a perfect setting for these obsessions, while strange but vivid image repetition sculpts Lawrence's poetry with haunting accuracy. The images, although strange, are yet familiar, understood on a basic human level of being. This was the great crafted art of Lawrence that is present in his prose as well as his poetry, however, the latter being the only one examined here. Lawrence crossed through five significant stages in his poetic journey to maturation. Each change orbited a change in his personal life, and as Lawrence grew to self-realization so too his poetry became a life of its own. His eloquent perceptions paired with unique, often dark artistic expressions are present from the beginning, but they crystalize in Lawrence's mature poetic voice just before his death."
Abstract This paper explores the literary use of landscape in D.H. Lawrence's "Sons and Lovers" and in William Golding's "Pincher Martin". The paper claims that both Lawrence and Golding manipulate landscape for a specific purpose in their works. The paper explores both of these novels, commenting upon the stylistic uses of landscape, a literary device that may be employed towards the fulfillment of a particular artistic theme. Both D.H. Lawrence and William Golding make use of landscape in this fashion. Citing many specific examples from the novels, and drawing upon a wealth of bibliographic resources, the paper is relevant to any discussion of Lawrence, Golding or twentieth century literature.
From the Paper "D.H. Lawrence's 1913 novel, Sons and Lovers, is set in the British Midlands at the turn of the twentieth century (Lawrence 9). This is a region in central England that was, at the time the novel is set, becoming highly industrialized. Factories, coal pits, and squalid row houses were plentiful. "We are in the northern Midlands at the turn of the century, seeing the daily life of the mining community through the eyes of one of its children, and seen with such intensity and clarity, especially in the first of three parts, that the reader feels in direct contact with life (Black 151). Robin Hood's Sherwood Forest is close by the busy industrial city of Nottingham, where Paul Morel obtains employment, and the river Trent, a significant piece of landscape in Lawrence's novel, swirls its way from the city through the wide-open country hills and vales. Sons and Lovers continually contrasts the sensuous, natural environment with that of the cold, drab monuments of industrial town and city life, providing the reader a vivid sense of the times."
Tags: british, fiction, lovers, martin, pincher, sons
Abstract This paper attempts to take a psychoanalytical view of the work of the novelist D. H. Lawrence and discusses the underlying reasons for the obscenities in some of his works such as "The Rainbow" which was was prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act and destroyed by order of the court. It evaluates whether Freud's two books, "Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious" and "The Fantasia" which were published in the two years following Lawrence's success in finally securing the publication of "Women in Love", are, in part, explanations--perhaps even justifications--of that shocking book and of other facets of his literary production up to that point. It examines how the two books lay out the views on human psychology and the promptings of the unconscious that had contributed so much to the underlying scheme of "Women in Love" and others.
From the Paper "The characters in Women in Love were deliberately created in a way that rejected, as Lawrence put it, "the old stable ego of the character" and plumbed, instead, the depths of the unconscious (quoted in Kinkead-Weekes xiv). These characters were subject to change in accordance with the pull of forces and drives which they only partially comprehended but were acutely interested in understanding more fully. They were, and, as Lawrence suggested, we all are, "unstable and governed by subterranean impulse" while moving through lives that are in constant flux--ideas which his readers "found much more threatening or even outrageous than mere sexual explicitness" (Kinkead-Weekes xiv). The basic difficulty of expressing such ideas through the construction of literary characters and finding the language that was best suited to this purpose would have made the composition of Women in Love difficult enough for a writer who believed that his book could be published. But Lawrence, in spite of all his difficulties, was intensely moved and fascinated by the process of writing that spurred him to go deeper into the unconscious than, he believed, anyone had delved before."
Abstract This paper examines D. H. Lawrence's use of a fairy tale structure to enhance the ironic tone of the story,"The Rocking-Horse Winner", by controlling three critical literary elements: plot, allusion, and symbolism. The author points out that Lawrence effectively uses the irony of the fairy tale structure to show how children can be overburdened and destroyed when the problems of the adult world, such as obsession, greed and jealousy, are transferred to the child's world. The paper concludes that, although Lawrence is clearly a master writer, perhaps a writer with a different style, such as O. Henry, could take the same subject matter and write a story without the tragic overtones that are characteristic of "The Rocking-Horse Winner".
From the Paper "However, even though the parallels are imperfect, they don?t obscure allusions to other stories in the genre. The idea of a "gift" that is turned against a main character is a theme that recurs throughout the fairy tale and myth genres. The story of King Midas is about a gift that is turned into a curse. His greed for gold is turned into a "golden touch" that destroys everything and everyone he holds dear. Likewise, Paul's gift of special knowledge from the rocking horse is turned against him when his mother spends the money he wins at the races faster than he can win it."
Abstract This paper discusses how David Lean, the director of "Lawrence of Arabia", provides a cultural integration within his scene transition. It explores how Lawrence, played by Peter O'Toole, becomes the central figure that binds British and Arabian cultures into a single entity. The paper examines the various scenes that Lean presents in various stages of the film. It highlights how Lawrence slowly becomes a more spiritually awakened man who is willing to drop many stereotypes about the Arabs and bring greater unity to their tribal factions.
From the Paper "This film study will analyze the theme of cultural diversity in the film: Lawrence of Arabia, directed by David Lean. By analyzing the relationships that Lawrence (peter O'Toole) has with the Arabians that he comes into contact with his travels, this film provides cinematic techniques that transition his cultural integration into Arabic society. By creating a scene analysis of each of David Lean's transitions from Lawrence's own native culture into Arabic, one can realize the spiritual and cultural significance of this extraordinary cinematic biography of this British hero. In beginning, transition between scenes provides a context into which one is to view Lawrence's development from an Englishman--to a virtual member of Arabic society. Asher (1998) defines Lawrence's personal affiliation with Arabic culture through his physician care of them ..."
Abstract This paper reviews the main themes in Highway, Solomon and Lawrence's essays on social issues. It explains that in Highway's essay is about how Canada is a good place to live. It explores Lawrence Solomon's essay and its discussion on homelessness.
From the Paper "My Canada", the author repeats the information about Canada provided by the United Nations and relates it to his own experience as a Canadian. In the referenced article that the information was published, social issues are portrayed, but Highway explains, these are not an overwhelming problem, perhaps because Canadians do not feel "hate of...blistering intensity. (Highway, para. 10)" As a Canadian he realizes while on a trip through Australia that his country is not without its troubles or trials but in comparison to other nations, Canada is the "Canada No 1 Country in the World. (Highway, para. 2)..."
Abstract This paper examines the poet D. H. Lawrence - his upbringing, education and adult life. It takes a look at some of his famous poems and some not so famous. The writer explains why Lawrence's poems were successful and his plays less so.
From the Paper "David Herbert Lawrence was born in Eastwood, England in 1885. His father was a miner and his was mother a retired teacher. While young, Lawrence spent much of his time confined to his bed with tuberculosis. In this time he became very close to his mother. His mother was determined that he would not be a miner like his father and encouraged him to study. He won a scholarship to Nottingham High School but did not excel in school and so dropped out. It was while he was working in a surgical appliance factory that he met Jessie Chambers. Chambers tutored Lawrence and he later gained a teachers certificate and began teaching. In 1912 his mother died and the grief of this forced him to give up teaching. From this point on he took to writing "
Abstract This paper is an in-depth examination of the Benjamin Franklin's achievements in life and how D.H. Lawrence's view of the world affected his evaluation of these achievements. The author looks at Franklin's many achievements including the development of electricity and its many off-shoots, the development of a postal system, the creation of bi-focal glasses and the invention of the fireplace and stoves. Franklin's strong sense of family and family values, his knowledge of weather and weather patterns, his negotiating skills and subsequent successes in international relations are also discussed in detail. The author then demonstrates how D. H. Lawrence criticizes each and every achievement of Franklin's without hesitation and in many of these instances, without any logical reasoning.
From the Paper "All of the things we are discussing would have a much different meaning if it were not for Ben's skills as a negotiator. Without help from the French the result of our war to get the British out of America could easily have failed. Our navy fought remarkably well as did our army, but they had smaller numbers and did not have the experience and training of the British troops. The additional resources supplied by France were essential. The negotiations to acquire this kind of support were very difficult. Only a person of Ben's intellect and charm could have made it happen. Franklin had not only the French to deal with, but also the other two Americans that were part of the commission. "Coming straight from London, Arthur Lee [one of other two on the commission] arrived in Paris shortly after Franklin and proceeded immediately to find fault with everything his colleagues were doing"and not doing. A highly intelligent man, trained in law and medicine, but afflicted with a fair degree of paranoia, Lee was a Franklin-hater of long standing (Lopez and Herbert 234).? Lawrence can only complain about Ben's ability to create a situation where America was able to create its own country rather than staying under British rule. He cannot tolerate independence and creative thought in a country that broke away from his native England."
Abstract This paper discusses one of D.H. Lawrence's literary works, "Tickets, Please" which illustrates the phenomenon of women taking the place of men in the work force, during war time. The paper presents Lawrence's short description of the position that women are put into when they enter into a work force that is traditionally male. The relationships which evolve are described.
From the Paper "The short story "Tickets, Please" by D.H. Lawrence is a tale of wartime Europe. The short description of the position that women are put into when they enter into a work force that is traditionally male is told in the real life style of Lawrence. In this story the representation of the "other" is the whole staff of the tram system. The staff consists of mostly crippled young men and girls who would normally not be working at all. In this story the girls fight back from the treatment they receive as well as from the emotional and social circumstances of the war."
Tags: john, thomas, annie, conductors, tram, war, europe, cripples
Abstract This paper explores the theme, style and plot of three of D. H. Lawrence's stories: "The Rocking-Horse Winner," "The Blind Man,"and "Tickets, Please." By examination of each of these stories, the writer identifies Lawrence's messages inherent in each tale.
From the Paper ""The Rocking-Horse Winner" is a tale revolving around a young boy's quest for his mother's love through alleviating her money problems. One of the themes Lawrence explores is the relationship between parents and children, specifically mother and son. Paul's mother commits the sin of criticizing Paul's father to Paul, dismissing the father's contributions to the family and harping on his failings in luck and money (Burgeon, 1997). Lawrence also explores the notion of the love parents feel for their children. Paul's mother has a finite quality to the love she has for her kids, ?at the center of her heart [is] a hard place that could not feel love, no, not for anybody.? (http://www.123student.com/english/1874.shtml). Even though on the surface, Paul's mother acts committed to their welfare, the children sense this hardness of hers and are aware of this limit on her affections for them. This, in turn, gives the children, namely Paul, psychological trauma. Lawrence also expresses his belief that money does not guarantee happiness or love."
This paper discusses and analyzes the short story "The Horse Dealer's Daughter," by D.H. Lawrence; specifically, how understanding the characters helps us understand the problematic ending of the story.
Abstract The paper states that D.H. Lawrence's characterizations make the reader understand and even sympathize with the characters. The author feels that the characters are disturbing; and yet they are real with real problems and real neuroses. The paper concludes that Lawrence's could be the people next door and that is what makes the story understandable.
From the Paper "Lawrence creates unusual and yet somehow endearing characters and makes the reader care about them, and what happens to them. "The Horse Dealer's Daughter" is no exception. Mabel Pervin is the heroine of this novel, but she is a desperately unhappy woman, ashamed of her poverty, and sick to death of caring for her rather oafish brothers. Her only joy is taking care of her mother's grave, where she feels "secure," even though others can watch her as she works. "
Abstract This paper discusses D.H. Lawrence's stories. "Rex", "Adolf" and "Rocking-Horse Winner". The paper presents two different, although not discordant, views of the mother-son relationship that is always so prevalent in Lawrence's work. The underlying theme of a need for unconditional love is examined and explained.
From the Paper "Yet, despite such honest words, there is a sense of secrecy and hush over the entire story. In fact we are only aware after the fact of the boy accumulating wealth through his having the gardener place bets. Hester, the mother is not a bad woman; she is as much a victim as anyone, although she is a victim of her own materialism, or at least from putting her faith there. Paul, her son, no doubt would have been quite happy to trade his fine house, his tutor, his expensive Christmas presents for the love and presence of his mother. She speaks to him gently and though she does a poor job of it tries to hide the facts of her reality from him. When he interrogates her about luck and lucre -- two words he confuses -- and eventually asks her if she was lucky, she says, "I used to think I was, before I married. Now I think I am very unlucky indeed." However when he asks why she remembers who is supposed to be the adult and tries to retreat. "Well?never mind! Perhaps I'm not really." And when he looks to see if she means the retraction, "he saw, by the lines of her mouth, that she was only trying to hide something from him." "
