Abstract On October 24, 2001, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks and under the guise of national security, a prosecutor's wish list, not limited to terrorists, was born. This paper argues that, while the Patriot Act contains many appropriate provisions, it is specifically oppressive in reference to some of its expansive powers, which infringe on citizens? civil liberties. It further argues that the United States, the original model of democracy around the world, should be able to protect and defend itself without sacrificing the constitutional rights granted to its citizens.
From the Paper "Furthermore, the aforementioned searches are not subject to the sunset clause attached to some of the Patriot Act's extended powers. What is particularly ominous about these searches is underlined by Tracey Maclin, a leading expert on the Fourth Amendment. Professor Maclin warns that these break-ins are not tied only to cases in which national security or threats from foreign agents appear to be the focus of investigations. It can apply to any criminal investigation (as cited in Hentoff, War 40). Therefore, with the sneak and peak warrants, the government can break into any citizens home, search and confiscate anything deemed necessary, and avoid notifying the person for an indefinite amount of time."
Abstract This paper summarizes the scope of Title VII and its applications to the workplace. The paper includes details pertaining to the history and evolution of Title VII, the impact of Title VII in the workplace, who is covered and not covered under Title VII and its amendments. The paper then goes on to discuss policies that companies should have in place to avoid Title VII violations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Title VII
The History and Evolution of Title VII
The Impact of Title VII in the Workplace
Title VII Coverage
Avoiding Title VII Violations
Conclusion
From the Paper "Understanding the rights of employers and employees is critical to the success of any organization. Employers have a responsibility to ensure equality for people of all races, religions, genders, ages, and disabilities and should not tolerate discrimination of any form. This paper provides a summation for provisions associated with Title VII. The history and evolution of Title VII will be detailed along with workplace application, who is and who is not covered under Title VII and policies that companies should enact to avoid Title VII violations."
Abstract This paper looks at the methods used in the past to deal with juvenile offenders through the court, since the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899.
From the Paper "The problem of dealing with juvenile justice has plagued are country for years, since the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899. Prior to that development, delinquent juveniles had to be processed through the adult justice system which gave much harsher penalties. By 1945, separate juvenile courts existed in every single state. Similar to the adult system, all through most of the 20th century, the juvenile justice system was based upon a medical/rehabilitative representation. The new challenges of the juvenile court were to examine, analyze, and recommend treatment for offenders, not to deliver judgment fault or fix responsibility. The court ran under the policy of "parens patriae" that intended that the state would step in and act as a parent on behalf of a disobedient juvenile."
Abstract This paper is written in favor of the Christian view on abortion. It includes examples from the Bible. The overall argument is that it isn't up to us to decide whether a child dies or lives. We are to obey God and let Him be the giver and taker of life.
From the Paper "In 1984, the highest year for abortion, the US reported 36.4 abortions for every 100 live births. With this and many more outrageous facts, one is forced to ponder the issue of abortion. This subject has taken a hold of America and has squeezed every last opinion out of it. There are those whose beliefs stand on the word of God, which says that all life is precious to Him. On the other hand, pro choice says that each person is entitled to their personal freedom, which grants them the option to abort the fetus if they want. Overall, it is not our freedom to decide when someone is going to die, even if we are deciding for a human who has yet to see the world; it is up to God."
Abstract This paper looks at the founder of Napster, how the program works, and the problems and controversies it has created. Court disputes are discussed and the reaction of various bands to Napster. A solution to the problem is suggested as well.
From the Paper "As the century turned, something huge emerged from the Internet: a new innovative process that allows users to receive music for free. Napster, the nickname of Shawn Fanning because of his nappy hair, "allows computer users all over the world to swap song files copied from personal CD collections, giving the average Neitzen easily searchable access to hundreds of thousands of songs instantly" (Graham 1D). The Napster emergence has instigated an unending distribution of free songs over the Internet, through the surfacing of other file swapping sites, and has spurred the future of Internet innovations."
Tags: technology, download, free, internet, mp3, ria, music, song
Abstract This paper discusses treatment of Native Americans? rights to their sacred sites under US Constitutional law. Three law journal articles are reviewed and utilized to form a thesis promoting the concept of communal religious rights. Historical background is provided also.
From the Paper "The first clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America states: ?Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.?[1] However, throughout U.S. history, the federal government has deliberately restricted and prohibited the religious practices of North America's indigenous Native Americans. Rather than confront this severe blight on the country's human rights record, the various branches of the Euro-cultured U.S. government gloss over past transgressions of First Amendment rights, even as they attempt to justify new violations of Native Americans? religious rights."
Abstract An argumentative essay about the banning of capital punishment in all countries. The history, social problems, cost, and moral responsibility of the death sentence are discussed and used to show that all societies would benefit without this punishment, otherwise seen as law assisted murder. This essay argues that capital punishment lacks proper and moral justification and should not exist because it is morally unjust. Many points are supported by statistics and a common overview of certain communities and their actions.
From the Paper "The death penalty, the poor man's justice, is a negative aspect of a society, promotes murder for murder, and encourages lawful infliction of death. Capital punishment is the lawful execution of a criminal by the state, yet is quite problematic. Many people debate on the issues of morality, with some suggesting that this is not punishment but cold revenge. The law is here to protect us as individuals, and those who commit crimes also have the right to be protected. Lacking proper and moral justification, capital punishment should be banned because it is not a deterrent, it is classified as cruel and unusual punishment, and it is morally unjust."
Abstract This paper examines the problems that censorship places on America and takes a strong stance against the practice. It examines social injustices and problems that exist in American society and looks at the ethical issues that arise when considering censorship.
From the Paper "America was founded on freedom, it is a country that originated to protect the fundamental human rights of all people"or at least that's what the constitution and Declaration of Independence say. Contradictions to this so-called freedom have appeared throughout history. We enslaved an entire race, marched Native Americans down the Trail of Tears and sent Japanese Americans into internment camps for no good reason. Today, there is another issue that some say is putting our freedom in jeopardy. Book and periodicals censorship has occurred in our country for years, and during all of those years protests and calls for the protection of our freedom of speech have rung have been heard from some authors, students, teachers, the American Library Association, booksellers, and literature fans everywhere who believe that "the freedom to read is essential to our democracy" (Hull, 118). On the other hand some parents, family oriented groups such as Focus on the Family, the American Family Association, and Family Friendly Libraries, and Christian groups and ministers are asking the government to regulate the books that make their home on our public and school library shelves in order to protect children from being exposed to difficult issues like sexuality and racism before they are mature enough to handle it.?
Abstract This paper explores the pros and cons of capital punishment, and argues in favor of a system using the death penalty as a mode of punishment for criminals.
The Current System
Flaws in the System
An Alternative
From the Paper "Throughout recorded human history, the concept of just retribution, as well as the death penalty has been present in the bulk of social and religious groups. The death sentence was in use in Ancient Greece, what is widely considered the cradle of civilization, as well as ancient Rome, Egypt, and all through antiquity, right up to the present day. "
Abstract This paper discusses the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The author discusses the legal theory of selective incorporation-applying the Bill of Rights to the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause. The paper examines such landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases as "Palko v. Connecticut", "Mapp v. Ohio", and "Adamson v. California".
From the Paper "The 14th Amendment, which was ratified in 1868 of July 9, states, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States , and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within it's jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." "Due Process" is mentioned in the 14th amendment as well as the 5th amendment. What exactly does "Due Process" means? Due Process means to be treated equally and fairly."
Abstract This paper examines the controversial topic of abortion. The author discusses how the U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade sparked a great deal of debate over the issue, and the formation of many interest groups including religious pro-life groups such as Priests for Life. The paper also looks at the societal reasons behind abortion.
From the Paper "The debate over abortion was started way before Roe V. Wade, but has never seen intensity like it has in today's society. With the increase of interest groups the social movement of abortion moves on still today. There may be no neutral answer or compromise to the abortion debate, but with the help of well-run and well-intentioned interest groups society can come to a peaceful understanding of abortion."
Abstract This paper presents an in depth examination of the death penalty and the racial influences on the matter. The author argues that the death penalty is administered in a racially disproportionate manner and provides proof of this accusation. Included is a brief overview of other debates around the topic such as moral grounding and fairness.
From the Paper "It is hard to understand how anyone could not view the death penalty as morally problematic, although clearly many Americans do not view the practice as morally objectionable or there would not be so many advocates of the practice. One of the most problematic of all aspects of the death penalty as it is imposed in the United States is that is administered in a racially disproportionate manner. "
Abstract This paper provides a thorough definition of NAFTA and proceeds to examine the impact that this agreement has had on the United States. It deals with personal issues such as claims of heightened unemployment as well as national issues such as tax benefits and improved trade.
From the paper:
"On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was implement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This treaty drops most tariffs by 50% immediately, and dropped to zero by 2009. It is a unique trading agreement between two developed countries and a developing nation on a single continent. After eight years since NAFTA commenced, there are mixed analysis and opinions on whether this treaty is a success. It was designed to provide a free-flow of goods between countries without imputative measures and tariffs being enforced; it was promoted as a means to improve productivity and create jobs in the three countries; and, it was touted as model for further free-trade blocs to be created in the Americas and in other regional markets. After eights, no other free-trade blocs exists, nor has any other free-trade treaties been pursued and/or implemented by the NAFTA partners; and, with a world in a recession, there are two points of views on whether NAFTA has been more damaging than good during at this time, or if NAFTA has prevented further harm through its free-flow of goods."
Abstract Gives a critical analysis of "the war on drugs". Through examination of the history and present motivations of drug laws, this paper argues that the reasons behind drug criminalization are invalid. The paper also shows that the current law enforcement approaches are ineffective in dealing with the drug problem.
From the Paper "The illicit drug problem is seen as a paramount concern within all western communities and is clearly the source of some of society's most major public health issues. The so-called "War on Drugs" is given unprecedented resources in the area of law enforcement and often headlines our major media outlets. The reasons for our community seeking to criminalize drug use will be explored in the following essay by tracing drugs laws to the original sources of public concern and exploring how community concern has evolved since. It will be shown that the original notions that are the basis of drug criminalization have been flawed from their inception. Furthermore it will be illustrated how current and past drug laws have been completely ineffective in achieving the aims that society has sought to achieve through drug criminalization."
Abstract This paper deals with the legal, medical and ethical implications of the sale of human organs from live people and the selling of cadaveric organs. The paper explores the opinions of those both for and against legalizing organ selling, as well as describing the current situation, and concludes that organ selling should be legalized.
From the Paper "Recently the topic of organ selling has become a popular topic for debate among bioethicists. As thousands of human beings continue to suffer, many people are beginning to explore the option of human organ sales; however, while there are those who argue for such an option, they must first consider those who stand by the government and completely abhor the idea. The arguments against the sale of organs are driven by the following concerns: it could exploit poor people who are willing to donate their organs solely for payment, it might favor the wealthy, and it could motivate families to withdraw treatment. Many ethicists also believe organ selling demeans the human body. They feel that if you allow organ selling to take place, the Nation's faith in human pride will be shattered. Those opposed to organ selling raise the issue that although a Market Economy is relatively beneficial, unless it is monitored correctly, our human rights, such as social justice, bodily integrity and political freedoms will be stripped away. The greatest fear among those who strongly oppose the sale of organs is that people may murder each other in order to obtain money for their victim's death."
