Abstract "The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy is an introduction to the wide variety of privacy claims made by American citizens and the fate of those claims in the courts. The book is intended for a general readership, rather than for legal scholars, and it is designed as if in answer to a list of points about privacy that almost any group of Americans would produce if they were asked to name the areas of privacy in which they were most interested. The authors respond to the prevailing idea in American society that there is some kind of legal protection for privacy rights.
From the Paper "The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy is an introduction to the wide variety of privacy claims made by American citizens and the fate of those claims in the courts. The book is intended for a general readership, rather than for legal scholars, and it is designed as if in answer to a list of points about privacy that almost any group of Americans would produce if they were asked to name the areas of privacy in which they were most interested. The authors respond to the prevailing idea in American society that there is some kind of legal protection for privacy rights. They demonstrate instead that, not only is there little explicit protection of privacy in the United States Constitution or in legislation, the laws that do exist often fail to provide the kind of protection people believe they promise. In addition, as the authors demonstrate with their..."
An examination of the legal and cultural background, the issues, outcome and impact of trial of the instructor for teaching evolution in Tennessee school.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, 2000, $ 55.95
From the Paper "In 1925, science instructor John Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution in his classroom, a violation of Tennessee law. Scopes' case has become known as the "Monkey Trial," where the many facets of American cultural life collided in a steamy courtroom in Dayton, Tennessee. This paper will examine the Scopes trial and why it is the trial of the century.
The theory of evolution, first proposed by Charles Darwin in 1858, gained increasing acceptance in American textbooks beginning in the 1880s. By 1920, the teaching of evolution had become widespread. Meanwhile, America's public schools experienced an explosion of students, as the nation became more urbanized and secondary school education became mandatory (Larson 15-27).
This expansion coincided with the Progressive Era..."
From the Paper "Legal Aspects Of Performance Evaluations
Employee work performance evaluation can be defined as the process of identifying, observing, measuring and developing human performance in businesses and organizations. The identification element of an employee performance evaluation is the process of determining what areas need to be studied by the evaluators (Cardy & Dobbins, 1994, p. 1). Human resource performance evaluation forms are then created based on the criteria and relevant characteristics that need to be reviewed and monitored within an organization.
Performance is difficult to accurately measure, and it has been one of the most vexing problems that continue to plague human resource managers..."
From the Paper "The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that "Congress shall make no law. . .abridging the freedom of speech." That prohibition, however, has never been absolute. Some restrictions on speech are necessary, according to the U.S. Supreme Court. For example, a person who yelled "Fire!" in a crowded theater could be prosecuted, and the federal government is permitted to regulate commercial speech to protect consumers from false and misleading advertising. Some scholars have proposed that the class of unprotected speech be expanded to include hate speech. This paper will analyze whether such restrictions are necessary or even possible.
Hate speech, or racist speech, is often cited as undeserving of First Amendment protection. Proponents argue that hate speech is not speech at all, but really a "verbal assault." If the point..."
An examination of the evolution of the European Community's policies and laws covering health and care, social services and human rights. Includes politics, economics, examples, insurance, long-term care and more.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 59 sources, 2000, $ 135.95
From the Paper "Care For the Elderly and the Rights of the Disabled
in the European Community
This research paper discusses the current status in the European Community (EC) of provision for the care of the elderly and the disabled and the rights of persons who fall into such categories. Most of the nations of Western Europe provide extensive protection for the elderly and, to a lesser extent, the disabled, but a combination of fiscal, economic and demographic pressures render them unable to maintain, let alone expand, those benefits just as the aging of their populations is rendering a significant number of the elderly and the disabled more vulnerable. As a result, since the early 1980s a major political battle has been developing over the size and terms of future entitlement programs for these groups and various alternatives..."
From the Paper "Introduction
Until recently, ethical behavior in business was not a formal topic of discussion in most business schools. In today's highly litigious society, however, business professionals and business students are coming to realize that sales and profits are no longer sufficient factors, in and of themselves, on which decisions can be based. Instead, it is vital that decisions take into account ethical issues. Ethics come into play within organizations because decisions are made not by nameless and faceless companies, but by individuals within those companies who have a set of ethics on which their decisions are based. Companies can protect themselves and their employees by putting place a code of ethics which can help guide behavior by employees within the business. This research examines an ethical situation in a business and considers..."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of sexual harassment in the workplace. The paper outlines the various situations which are considered as harassment, and discusses what can be done to stop or prevent it. The paper documents some well known cases of sexual harassment and outlines the court involvement.
From the Paper "During the last several decades? women have entered the workforce by the millions. The entrance of females to what used to be male dominated setting has brought fresh ideas, new perspectives and other positive attributes to every field. In addition the problem of sexual harassment has moved to the limelight as more cases are heard. Sexual harassment has been a problem since the beginning of working for wages. Historically there have been cases of female workers being harassed by male superior of fellow employees and there have also been occasional charges about male employees being harassed as well."
Abstract This paper looks at the significance of the court ruling which called for the desegregation of schools across America in the 1950's. It shows that even though this ruling only applied to schools and not other public facilities, it laid the ground work for the abolishment of discrimination in other areas of society as well. The paper looks at the reasoning behind the court's decision and the difficulties in its implementation.
From the Paper "Brown v Board of Education is one of the most famous landmark cases in American court history. Set against the backdrop of the early 1950s, just as the civil rights movement was beginning to heat up, Brown v Board of Education changed the face of American schools in a significant way and set the stage for further more sweeping reforms in other areas, such as worker discrimination and fair labor laws."
A paper which argues in support of firearm regulations since the infiltration of guns into the seedier criminal underworld has created a situation that police cannot begin to contain.
Abstract The paper discusses both sides of the gun control debate but ultimately argues that stricter regulations will help the situation in the United States. It argues that with the proposed gun control plan, proponents say much of the senseless violence would cease immediately; however, opponents to the restriction contend that the bad element of society will always find a way to acquire firearms whether they are banned or not. The paper shows that one only has to listen to the news broadcasts or view the headlines of any newspaper across the country to comprehend how guns are directly related to a majority of violent crimes committed on today's world. It shows how it is clear to see that by eliminating the source of violence, the crime will be substantially eliminated, as well.
From the Paper "Without question, the ability to obtain firearms will continue to encourage potential criminals to carry out their assaults. Studies have found that there is a portion of the felonious society who would not otherwise commit the crime without the safety net of a handgun. The very essence of having a gun is one of empowerment for the person using it to commit a violent act (Kleck, 1997). Support for the gun control proposal does not equate to a banning of all firearms; rather, it represents society taking the necessary and overdue steps toward regaining control of escalating crime -- crime that, in most instances, utilizes handguns to carry out the act."
Abstract This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues concerning rape shield laws. Part II discusses why rape shield laws were and are necessary. In Part III, New Jersey's rape shield law is outlined. Part IV reviews noteworthy cases involving rape shield laws. In Part V, the pros and cons of rape shield laws are examined. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations concerning how and why rape shield laws should be modified.
From the Paper "Few crimes have long-term (or lifelong) impacts upon victims. Some crimes, like child abuse, domestic violence, molestation, murder, and rape, exact long-term (and often lifelong) pain upon victims. What makes rape particularly traumatizing to victims is that rape inflicts both physical violence upon victims as well as emotional trauma. Rape victims are instantaneously stripped of control, dignity, personal safety, self-esteem, etc."
This paper logically refutes Nozick's Entitlement Theory of Justice, which attempts to provide an account of what justice requires with respect to property.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 41.95
Abstract The paper states that Nozick's arguments against redistributive tax is not a valid argument, neither on the microscopic nor the macroscopic scale. The author believes that it cannot be said that any individual person has any right to a specific piece of property if Nozick?s's idea of property is correct and is to be the standard by which people are said to own property.
From the Paper "In "Anarchy, State, and Utopia", Nozick argues that redistributive policies in which the wealthy are taxed to help out poor people is unjust and give the poor property rights over the wealthy. The redistribution of wealth via the government is unjust because it violates all of these principles. First of all, the poor do not work for the wealth given to them, that is a violation of the first principle. Second, there is abundant opportunities for people to make money themselves (2nd principle). So why should the government hand the poor something that the wealthy person has presumably worked for? Lastly, the transfer of property is not just, because the wealthy personally and voluntarily do not agree with the transfer. Therefore, wealth redistribution through involuntary taxation results in the poor having property rights over the wealthy the case."
Abstract This paper gives a brief insight of how the murder of the wife of ex-football-star-turned announcer caught the country's full attention in 1995. It examines some of the evidence leading to his arrest and provides some incriminating facts that the jury did not have access to during the trial and discusses how Simpson was eventually released. It evaluates how the schism between the races still exists and how televised criminal cases and media-hype can cripple the justice system in America.
From the Paper "None of this evidence is circumstantial. It was incriminating evidence that pointed to a killer. By law, it was all hard evidence that would have resulted in the conviction of any one else by the justice system. However, the fact that O.J. was a celebrity and the fact that the trial was moved out of Santa Monica were contributing factors to a non-guilty decision.
Unfortunately, too many things went wrong in Simpson's favor and he got off Scott-free. If the LAPD had conducted a full interrogation, if Mark Fuhrman had not lied on the witness stand about his use of the "n" word and if Cochran hadn't played the "race" card so well, justice would have prevailed in this case."
Tags: media-hype, guilty, racism, jury, evidence, LAPD, justice, system
Abstract This paper discusses the ethical issues, challenges, and dilemmas that have arisen due to technological advances of law enforcement on personal privacy. It debates both pros and cons of privacy in relation to technology. The paper describes the economic and political implications on the individual rights and society as a whole.
From the Paper "Big Brother is definitely here. Just the other day the news reported that the average American is photographed nine to twelve times per day. Cameras are everywhere. People are photographed while they are driving to and from work, while they are parking their cars, entering their place of employment, and if the company is any size other than a mom and pop shop, they are watched at work. Whether one is making a deposit at the bank, buying groceries at the local grocery chain, gas at the 7-11 store, or browsing books at the library, they are being not only watched, but photographed. From the smallest market to the largest mall, every store and parking lot is equipped with security video cameras. Run a red light or speed down the highway, and one is apt to receive a ticket by mail via the electronic eye that photographed the car, license number and occupants. There is literally no place that is sacred from prying eyes, save the sanctuary of one's own home, and even that is questionable. If one is a computer user, his or her Web surfing habits and emails may be randomly monitored. The truth is that what the local video cameras do not pick up, satellites orbiting the globe from space will."
Tags: police, cameras, big, brother, economic, political
Abstract This paper examines the concept of conventions, in particular those relating to responsibility within the British government and the cabinet. It comments on the effectiveness of the concept as a means of restraining executive power. The paper examines the role of the House of Lords in terms of the recent changes and proposed reforms.
From the Paper "In Britain we have an unwritten constitution, which involves a number of non-legal conventional rules. These conventional rules mostly deal with the major responsibilities of government and it could be said that in general they are rules of non-legal accountability. Therefore, accountability of government is widely based on conventions and these conventions will discuss in detail, particularly those relating to the accountability of both government ministers and members of parliament."
Tags: accountability, government, britain, cabinet, executive, power, england
This paper examines the career of John D. Rockefeller, the founder of Standard Oil and the man who established the fabulously wealthy Rockefeller dynasty: Childhood, business dealings, rivalries, labor relations and anti-trust laws.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 5 sources, 1981, $ 111.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the career of John D. Rockefeller, the founder of Standard Oil and the man who established the fabulously wealthy Rockefeller dynasty. John D. Rockefeller's life was fairly typical of that of many other 19th-century Americans. In many other respects, it was a life that has never been equalled. John D. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839. One report of his childhood says that "his first distinct recollections were of the rough farming country near the villiage of Moravia in western New York, where he lived from his fourth to his eleventh year; in 1843 his father paid $3100 for the ninety-two acre tract in Moravia township.".
This farm country of western New York was practically wilderness. The Rockefellers were not frontiersmen in the sense that they had to fight off Indians, but they did live in the ... "
