From the Paper
"The insanity defense has been a controversial legal tactic for centuries. The centuries-old idea that mentally ill criminals should not be held responsible for their actions has infuriated observers of American law. Those who seek a get-tough approach to crime see the insanity defense as legal fakery, one more tactic in a defender's bag of tricks.
Jeffrey Dahmer, John Hinkley, Jr., David Berkowitz, and Jack Ruby, among many others, will forever be linked in the public mind by their courtroom use of the insanity defense as much as by their infamous deeds. In his The Insanity Plea: The Uses and Abuses of the Insanity Defense, Winslade adds the following high-profile criminals to the roster of those who have attempted to use such a defense: Dan White, Prosenjit Poddar, Leonard Smith, Tex Watson, Robert Torsney, and James Grigson."

From the Paper
"The criminal justice system, in the United States, contains elements of racism. This is especially apparent in the mandatory jail sentencing legislation for illegal drug charges. A sentencing disparity exists, between individuals, arrested for crack cocaine and powdered cocaine possession. This sentencing disparity is the result of mandatory sentencing guidelines, which require different lengths of jail terms for conviction of possession, of the different forms of cocaine. The law, as it is written, has racial implications. The words, of the law itself, are not racially discriminatory, but the application of the law, and the sociological effects of the law are racially discriminatory. The reasons behind the law and the discriminatory aspects of the law are varied. These background issues will need to be addressed in order to find a solution to.."

From the Paper
"Introduction
Individual workers have often looked to the government for protection against what they consider unfair hiring or promotional activities by employers. Discrimination based on race, gender, religious affiliation and other differentiating factors has been generally outlawed, and affirmative action (among other policies) has been implemented in many areas to redress previous wrongs. One of the groups which has sought protection and accommodation are those individuals with disabilities, although that term does not specify the types of conditions which render a person disabled. This research examines the Americans with Disabilities Act, how a company might comply with the Act, and the actions which could be taken with regard to the Act."

From the Paper
"Introduction
Federal employees are not covered by many of the same regulations to which employees in private industry are subject, and many among the general public associate "bureaucrats" with federal employees. The federal government is often perceived as being unwieldy, inefficient, and a bastion of employees who would not be able to perform effectively in private industry. In 1978, Congress tried to address these concerns with the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA), the last major overhaul of the federal employment system. In the intervening 20 years, the Act has been both lauded and criticized for its effects with even its supporters calling for additional reform. This research examines the Act and its effects over the past two decades from a human resource management perspective."

From the Paper
" McCAIN-FEINGOLD BILL AND FEDERAL CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM
This research paper discusses proposals to reform the financing of federal political campaigns in America, primarily focusing on the bill sponsored by Senators John McCain (R-Ariz) and Russell Feingold (D-Wisc), S. 25, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 1997, the reasons why it was introduced, how its principal provisions would change present law, its likely impact, why it has failed to pass in the Senate and alternatives.

The McCain-Feingold bill is designed to remedy partially the defects in the present scheme for regulating federal campaign contributions and spending by curbing some of the abuses revealed in recent campaigns. It failed because of Republican opposition and Senate stratagems which have prevented it from being debated and voted on in the Senate; however, the only lasting solution to.."

From the Paper
" No specific right to privacy is formulated in the U. S. Constitution. Yet, various aspects of privacy are touched on in the provisions of the first, fourth, fifth, and other amendments. Privacy issues related to law enforcement would, ordinarily, be worked out over time. But, in the present climate, with an enormous crime rate and the always-current politicizing of drug-related crime, the privacy rights of suspected criminals have become a major issue. Criminal justice approaches to drug crime are preemptive, proactive, and generally guided by the paradigm of a "War on Drugs." In this war, the rights of suspects and defendants are, increasingly, abrogated by law enforcement officials, courts, and legislators who believe that the crime problem is significant enough to warrant setting aside a few personal freedoms. Unfortunately, though this feels intuitively.."

From the Paper
" ROE V. WADE: ITS IMPACT AND AFTERMATH
This report examines the effect of the decision of the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) on the law of abortion in the United States and discusses the aftermath of that decision and subsequent Supreme Court and other decisions since 1973.
Roe v. Wade constitutionalized at the federal level the debate over the legality of abortion and thereby overrode all but one state statutes which criminalized or otherwise regulated abortion. In the decade after that decision, efforts by pro-life forces to reverse or limit its impact largely failed, but pro-life forces were able to establish the constitutionality of efforts by Congress and state legislatures to limit public funding for abortions. Since 1988, due to changes in the.."

From the Paper
"This research paper examines how the evidence in this case was used by the jury to find the defendant, O. J. Simpson, not guilty. The predominantly black and female jury took less than four hours to arrive at its verdict. Such a speedy decision appeared to many to be strange behavior after a case which took nine months to try and involved 1015 pieces of evidence, 45,000 pages of transcript and scores of witnesses (Behind 27). This led many observers to conclude that the jury had ignored a 'mountain of evidence' against Simpson and had voted to acquit based on its emotional biases and external perceptions unrelated to the evidence. A more accurate interpretation would be that the jury made up its mind before it began its deliberations and found that a reasonable doubt existed as to Simpson's guilt, largely because..."

From the Paper
"Public Administration and Politics

This paper will discuss the relationship and interplay between public administration and politics. The first part of the paper will briefly discuss the traditional roles of administration and the separation of administration from electoral politics. The second part of the paper will discuss the role interest groups have come to play in the formulation of public policy as a result of their relationships to administrative agencies.
Politics play a unique role in the administration of public policy in democracies. Democratic governments are ruled by politics; they must adhere to the will of the electorate or else run the risk of being voted out of office. This means that all functions of a democratic government are somehow influenced by the political ..."

From the Paper
"Introduction
Most Americans have only a rudimentary understanding of monopolies, but they associate monopolies with "bad" companies. While it is true that monopolies can exercise a considerable amount of market power, it is also true that there are few true monopolies in the American economy; the threat of additional competition makes it difficult to sustain a monopoly for a long period of time. In recent years, the computer industry has been the target of several anti-trust actions by the government. The first of these concerned a hardware manufacturer, IBM, in which the manufacturer eventually prevailed, but only after a costly legal battle which spanned decades. Currently, Microsoft, a leading manufacturer of operating systems and applications for the microcomputer, finds itself battling anti-trust actions and facing a long legal battle ..."

Abstract
"The 1991 beating of California motorist Rodney King will have an impact on law enforcement for years to come. The videotape of the beating, broadcast nationwide, resulted in public outrage over police brutality. The City of Los Angeles appointed a special commission to investigate whether brutality was widespread within the police department.

From the Paper
"The 1991 beating of California motorist Rodney King will have an impact on law enforcement for years to come. The videotape of the beating, broadcast nationwide, resulted in public outrage over police brutality. The City of Los Angeles appointed a special commission to investigate whether brutality was widespread within the police department. Police departments across the country likewise reviewed their own policies on excessive force. Despite these efforts, citizen complaints about police brutality have increased since the Rodney King beating.

Police are allowed to use force during the course of their daily activities. Force can be used to make arrests, maintain order, or keep the peace. The important thing is that the police officer is able to gain control of the situation. How the officer gains control is left up to his or her judgment: "In ..."

Abstract
"Affirmative action is designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, gender, and national origin, particularly in employment and education

From the Paper
"Affirmative action is designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, gender, and national origin, particularly in employment and education. Numerous affirmative action programs have been implemented in both the public and the private sector, ranging from almost all government bodies to nearly every university and large corporation. Ironically, though the goal of affirmative action is equality, many challenge such programs precisely on those grounds. Opponents say that choosing one person over another because of their race, gender, or national origin is always wrong, no matter how noble the goal. This paper will examine affirmative action, from its history to its current retrenchment to possible alternatives.

Affirmative action seeks to create more opportunities for ..."

Abstract
The American court system is structured to be adversarial. Nowhere is the form of argument taken to a higher level. Lawyers by definition should be great debaters, paid to make the best arguments in favor of their clients. Only when lawyers make the best arguments do they succeed in proving their case and perform their job successfully.

From the Paper
"The American court system is structured to be adversarial. Nowhere is the form of argument taken to a higher level. Lawyers by definition should be great debaters, paid to make the best arguments in favor of their clients. Only when lawyers make the best arguments do they succeed in proving their case and perform their job successfully. Currently the lawyers at the Microsoft Corporation are busy trying to come up with the best arguments possible to prove the company has not been engaged in the monopolistic and anticompetitive practices of which it has been accused.

A brief synapsis of what led to the situation Microsoft now finds itself in is presented at the onset of this paper. It includes a brief history and description of U.S. antitrust..."

Abstract
"Freedom of the Press is a phrase given high value in the American system, but it is not an absolute. Freedom of the Press is found in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the courts give great importance to this amendment when considering competing rights.

From the Paper
"Freedom of the Press is a phrase given high value in the American system, but it is not an absolute. Freedom of the Press is found in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the courts give great importance to this amendment when considering competing rights. Still, there are cases where the courts find that the press goes too far, and the public often believes this is true. Unethical behavior by the press is behavior that goes against a fundamental and protected individual right and that does so by breaking one of the elements of the currently adopted Code of Ethics. Recently, the Society of Professional Journalists held a meeting in Arlington, Virginia at which those attending the convention voted on a new Ethics Code. The code contains the four principles seen as most important in ethical behavior for journalists by this group..."

Abstract
In the early 1990s, many American cities used youth curfews to combat juvenile crime, and at the time, civil liberties groups opposed the measures as indiscriminate restrictions on the free movement of innocent and guilty alike ("Young Criminals: Early to Bed").

From the Paper
"In the early 1990s, many American cities used youth curfews to combat juvenile crime, and at the time, civil liberties groups opposed the measures as indiscriminate restrictions on the free movement of innocent and guilty alike ("Young Criminals: Early to Bed"). Curfews have been instituted even more widely since then, with varying results. Curfews are also used to combat specific kinds of problem, as when cities use curfews to address a local gang problem or the prevalence of young drug dealers on streetcorners. Curfew restrictions are popular in some areas and unpopular in others, popular with the older generation and unpopular with the younger. They have been effective in some situations and not in others. An analysis of the issue suggests reasons for the disparity.

Curfew restrictions extend back many years, and one of the ..."