Abstract This paper examines how although most LatinAmerican countries were given suffrage as early as 1940, 30 years later, by 1971 women were still locked into a culture of Catholicism, control and machismo. The paper discusses the many aspects of women's rights that need to be addressed in order for women to be truly accepted as equals.
Table of Contents:
General Suffrage
LatinAmerican Suffrage
Human Rights/Women's Rights
Women and Employment
Employment and Working Conditions
Argentina and Mexico
LatinAmericanWomen Reproductive and Health Issues
LatinAmericanWomen's Health Issues
LatinAmericanWomen in Politics
Human Rights Issues for Women in Latin America
Legal Protection for LatinAmericanWomen LatinAmericanWomen and Violence
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Roman Catholic Church has a strong political hold on the hearts and minds of Latin American and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church has kept a majority of Latin American women chained to the cycle of childbirth. Despite the fact that a majority of Latin American women have been the "beneficiaries" of universal suffrage since World War II, family planning that was not in accordance with the Roman Catholic Church's edicts has been severely limited. A woman who is unable to obtain or hold a job because of her constant gravid state is unlikely to put emancipation before basic survival. Unfortunately Latin American's economic condition has suffered because of as burgeoning uncontrollable population explosion which compromises the health and welfare not only of the women large numbers of children but the children themselves."
Abstract This paper examines that LatinAmerican economic development in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was hindered by a number of geopolitical and socioeconomic impediments. The author points out that LatinAmerican nations were all struggling with the negative legacy of colonialism and imperialism at this time and their governments encountered significant difficulties as they sought to establish modern economic systems. The paper stresses that one major impediment was that despite their wealth of resources, these emerging countries lacked sufficient capital and labor to build land transportation networks.
From the Paper "Latin American economic development in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was hindered by a number of geopolitical and socioeconomic impediments. Latin American nations were all struggling with the negative legacy of colonialism and imperialism at this time and their governments encountered significant difficulties as they sought to establish modern economic systems. One major impediment was that the emerging countries of the Western Hemisphere, despite their wealth of resources, lacked sufficient capital and labor to build land transportation networks. (Conde 90) Without such an internal communications infrastructure, economic progress is difficult to attain."
Abstract This extensive paper examines a number of issues related to African-Americanwomen and breast cancer, with an emphasis on detection, treatment and survival. The paper gives a brief overview of cancer, the breast and types of breast cancers. The author then describes the purpose of this study, which was to determine the impact of racial disparity on breast cancer survival. The study also addresses socio-economic factors, such as lack of health insurance, and low incomes. The study attempts to identify the reasons why African-Americanwomen have a higher mortality rate than all other ethnic groups. Finally, the author questions whether education, community out-reach programs, resources would influence the probability of reducing breast cancer mortality rates among African-Americanwomen.
Outline:
Introduction and Problem Background
The Breast
Development of the Breast
What is Cancer?
What is Breast Cancer?
Major Types of Breast Cancers
Risk Factors for developing Breast Cancer
Purpose of Study
Research Objectives
Limitation
Assumptions
Definition of Terms
Scope of Study
Review of Related Literature
Historical and General Background
Possible Barriers to The African-AmericanWomen having Mammograms
Existing Studies
Another Study of Racial Disparities in Breast Carcinoma Survival Rates
Methodology
Instrumentation
Statistical Approach
Relevant Results and Significant Studies
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Findings
Association Between Socio-economic Status and Breast Cancer Survival
Relationship between racial difference in treatment, and breast cancer mortality among the African-Americanwomen and the Caucasian-women Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
From the Paper "The incidence of breast cancer among the African-American women is slightly lower than it is for the Caucasian women. In any given year, 95 out of 100,000 African-American women are diagnosed with breast cancer, compared to 112 out of every 100,000 the Caucasian women. However, the African-American women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer after age 50 (www.netwellness.org, 2004). Breast cancer is the cancer with the second highest death rate for both the African-American women and the Caucasian women. The overall lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is 10% for the African-American women and 14% for the Caucasian women. However, about 31 out of every 100,000 the African-American women died from the disease each year compared to just 27 out of every 10,000 the Caucasian women from 1989 to 1992, but the rate also rose by 2% for the African-American women during the same period."
Abstract This paper looks at Native AmericanWomen and focuses on the changes in life that the Europeans brought to Native Americanwomen, and the struggles that began. It further discusses the stereotypes that forever influenced these women's lives and relates how these misconceptions still affect Native Americanwomen of today.
From the Paper "The perceptions that have historically been applied to Native American women have often been that they have always been subservient beings, abused by their husbands, who have no choice in their personal destinies (Hoxie). Throughout time various individuals have contended that Native American women were mere shadows in the existence of tribal men, and that slavery was not uncommon for them because it was an element of the world that they were born into. Yet, the research will demonstrate that these philosophies about Native American women were subjective analysis of females that were unknown to those providing critique. It will further show that beneath these suppositions existed the lives of people that historically made tremendous contributions to their cultures, and who currently are the greatest strength that continue the traditions in the Native American tribes. "
Abstract This paper presents the story of three women who were instrumental to LatinAmerican history. The writer explores the contributions of Eva Peron, Sarah Chamberlain Eccleston and Violeta Barrios to illustrate the importance of females in the historical context of the LatinAmerican political arena.
From the Paper "Another very influential women in the world of Latin American history was Violeta Barrios. Violeta married a prominent Nicaraguan journalist named Pedro Chamorro. He was not only a journalist in the year 1950 when they met he was also acting editor of the La Prensa paper. Because of his political beliefs and his refusal to stop using the paper as a lobbying platform he was jailed many times and spent time in prison as well."
Abstract This paper studies African-Americanwomen with HIV/AIDS, including qualitative research and a research methodology. The paper points out that African Americanwomen are affected disproportionately by the condition. The paper also attempts to understand how culturally based stigmas prevent many African Americanwomen from seeking treatment and support.
Abstract The paper evaluates the significance of Hispanic-American characters in modern soap operas, emphasizing the importance of strong characterizations that are not stereotypical in nature. The paper explains how in many cases, stereotypes dominate these female characters, which prohibits them from providing realistic portrayals of this culture in the modern world.
From the Paper "In the modern world, women play a critical role in the television media throughout all walks of life. In the fantasy world of soap operas, women are prominent figures in these shows where they are featured in many lead roles as well as supporting players. Hispanic-American women have emerged as important figures in the daytime world in recent years; however, there are still a number of stereotypes that infiltrate their presence on these shows. The following discussion will evaluate an article that discusses this topic in greater detail, demonstrating the roles that these women play in the daytime soap opera world. Several soap operas that appear on the ABC network served as the focus of an article that emphasizes the significance of color and race on daytime television (Jenrette et al. 3)."
Abstract The LatinAmerican recording industry has always been a unique industry that blends economics, entertainment, and culture. The majority of its entertainers depict the variety of ethnicity that is part of LatinAmerican culture. This paper investigates the LatinAmerican recording industry, the genres of music and hybrid styles, and the role label companies play in producing and managing the artists. It also looks at how music interacts culturally, politically, and economically, affecting social identity Research in this paper shows that there is a complex relationship between the industry itself and the development of pan-Latin identities, as well as a more intricate relationship between economics and culture. In addition, the research demonstrates that the LatinAmerican recording industry is a powerful medium for creating images among consumers, which impacts the desire to be like their idol. Finally, this paper summarizes the potential changes created by a new business model for the LatinAmerican recording industry.
From the Paper "Aside from the confusion between Latin American and Latino music, the U.S. Latino market is undergoing a crucial transformation, perhaps more in taking stock of reality than in reality itself. It is no secret that U.S.Latino music has largely meant the kind of pop associated with Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Ricky Martin and the like, or with so-called tropical music (salsa and kindred genres). New York and Miami are the capitals of this kind of pop and tropical, but when the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) ?the music industry's trade organization ? began dividing Latin music sales by genre in 2000, they discovered the overwhelming sales dominance of the Mexican regional market, which is based in California and the Southwest, particularly Texas, and generates 60 percent of the US$640 million market for Latin music sales."
Abstract This paper considers three different aspects of the technology and political marketplace that have negatively affected LatinAmerican music sales and, in particular, the effect that pirated music is having on the industry. The paper then looks at the future of LatinAmerican popular music and the LatinAmerican recording industry and presents solutions and recommendations to rebuild, improve, and expand the LatinAmerican industry.
The Future of LatinAmerican Popular Music
The Future of The LatinAmerican Recording Industry
Reconstructing the Industry
Music Delivery
Anti Piracy Efforts
From the Paper "However, in the music industry, the creation of the internet and the capabilities to deliver individual songs digitally and globally has changed that perspective as well. The creation of a global economy and improved communication systems has facilitated the worldwide dissemination of mass culture. Specifically, trends in Latin America are now becoming part of the Latino population in the central and North American regions. Hence, the market for Latin American music, and the path toward improving the profitability of the Latin American music industry should also consider the North American markets a part of their potential customer base."
Abstract This paper discusses the rationality of creating a social institution for LatinAmerican countries, resembling the mechanisms of the European Union. The paper starts by discussing the role of international institutions and organizations in the present world order. Next, the paper provides a complete, yet concise, review of literature relevant to the discussion and then provides the rationale for the creation of a social institution in Latin America. The paper argues in favor of such an institution's formation by revealing the failures of the international institutions and global organizations and by highlighting the dilemmas of the national governments in the present world order. Lastly, the paper provides a brief, yet concise mechanisms of the social institution that will assist the LatinAmerican countries in resolving the present discrepancies and problems confronting them.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
The Rationale for the Creation of a LatinAmerican Social Institution
An argument in Favor of the Creation of a
LatinAmerican Social Institution
The Possible Mechanisms of the LatinAmerican Social Institution
Conclusion
From the Paper "The thought of creating an international social institution in Latin America, resembling The European Union structure needs careful examination as it is clear from the above mentioned facts that research and study on this subject is neither very extensive nor very comprehensive. However, before we assess the justification and the possible working structure of an international institution in Latin America, it is imperative we briefly review the theories pertaining to this subject so that we may be able to clearly evaluate not only the workings of the Latin American social institution but also the fundamental reasons and motivations underlying such a development."
Abstract This paper takes a look at how Latin America currently has the potential to be the fastest growing internet market in the world. This paper also takes a look at the effects, predictions and obstacles that have had an influence on the LatinAmerican community as a result of accessing and using the Internet.
Contents:
Who are the LatinAmerican Internet Users?
Obstacles to Internet Growth and Use in Latin America - The Economy
Infrastructure Problems - Computers and Phone Lines
The Language Barrier
The Future of e-Commerce
Profile of Countries
From the Paper "Although Latin America is behind the times, the Internet is rapidly growing. The Latin American Internet is expected to grow faster then the United States. Salomon Smith Barney's report on StarMedia, issued on March 14, 2000, claimed, "the marketing pace and competitive activity in Latin America is currently more frenzied than what was the experience in the United States." But why is the activity so frenzied? What exactly is the Internet market like in Latin America right now? What are the obstacles preventing a flourishing Internet market? What factors should a public relations practitioner know about when using the Internet in public relations activities in Latin America? The rest of this section answers these questions."
Abstract This paper assesses the techniques and methodologies that fuel the fire behind a potentially future global leader in the music industry, the LatinAmerican Recording Industry. It evaluates the market considerations that will become increasingly important if the market is to continue to expand successfully. It also proposes solutions to the recent decline in LatinAmerican music sales, following the boom of the nineties.
It presents viable alternatives, solutions and innovations for the LatinAmerican music industry, through a detailed analysis of several market characteristics and considerations, including trends, socioeconomic and ethno-musicological factors.
From the Paper "Since the 1990's however, the Latin American recording industry has witnessed a decline in growth. Sales, which during the nineties accounted for as much as 7% of the world market, now only account for approximately 4%. A large majority of the recent decline is due to changing market considerations and global trends, socioeconomic factors and technological advances. As the Latin American music market moves into the global market, the use of the internet becomes increasingly critical to success. One of the difficulties faced not only by the Latin American Market, but by all music entrepreneurs is the growing threat of piracy, which technology has enabled."
Abstract This paper examines the history of LatinAmerican music and the influence it has had on American culture, looking at the particular forms that have had the most influence as well as some of the particular personalities that have been the most influential in bringing LatinAmerican music to the United States.
From the Paper ?It would be hard to find any area of 20th-century American pop music ? and now 21st century ? that has not been affected by Latin American music, including Tin Pan Alley, stage and film music, jazz, rhythm and blues, country music, and rock (Roberts, 1998, p. 14). The musical voices of Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico have made their way into each of these American forms, which have been influenced not only by Latin American rhythms and musical forms but also by individual musicians and bandleaders who came to play an important role in shaping American culture (Roberts, 1998, p. 19).?
Abstract This paper profiles a typical LatinAmerican revolution and examines why these countries are so susceptible to these uprisings. It addresses the historical, social & cultural variables of a revolution and the possible moves to democracy. It also examines a few of the successful LatinAmerican democracies and asks what makes them prosper.
From the Paper "Revolution is a sudden, forcible change of the political and social order often accompanied by violence, in which a significant section (not always a majority) of the population participates. Revolution usually occurs when a general climate of discontent exists in a society. A modern historian, Craine Brinton, has analyzed the conditions in a society ripe for revolution and saw a pre-Revolutionary society as ?having a combination of social and political tensions, caused by a gradual breakdown of the values of a society.?"
