Abstract In this paper, a history of the reasons and need for the Monroe Doctrine are thoroughly examined. The Doctrine was a powerful statement but the U.S. had very little power of enforcement. Reasons behind this are discussed. This paper also shows how the Monroe Doctrine appeared on the surface to be an American declaration of independence from a colony-hungry Europe but in fact the document had many weaknesses.
From the Paper "By the early 1800s, America was becoming its own country and trying to separate itself from Europe. The United States wanted to prevent future colonization of the Americas by European countries and attempted to accomplish this by issuing the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823, designed to discourage European nations from colonization that would threaten America, was merely a declaration of America's independence, not a demonstration of it."
Abstract The paper examines the effect of government programs, family situations, and poverty on the lives of Mexico's Street Children as portrayed by the film "Los Olvidados" which presents a compelling depiction of city life. This paper discusses some of the different factors in the lives of the street children.
From the Paper "The film, Los Olvidados, paints a rather bleak picture regarding the lives of the poor street children. It also seems to beg the question of who is responsible for making such a mess with people's lives. Three forces could be blamed for this situation: the government, the lack of a stable and loving family and extreme poverty. Of course, there are infinitely many more reasons, but these three seemed to be portrayed the clearest in the film. A closer look at each one of these factors could help in understanding the social problems of the time and the message that the movie was attempting to portray."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth examination of the role that La Malinche played in Mexican history and culture. The author gives the reader an historical overview, including the fact that she was an actual person, whose actions caused her to lose favor in society. This is done through the review and analysis of two pieces of works by historians, one male and one female, Casillo and Paz. The author also points out that La Malinche is not a well-known personality outside of Mexican culture, but her history dates back to the mid-sixteenth century. According to the paper, La Malinche's role in history has been revived by feminists who feel that her tainted past is the result of the chauvinistic nature of Mexican society which has begun to evolve over the years. For many Mexican women she is a symbol of independence and endurance of the Mexican people, and she should be accorded respect and proper recognition in history.
From the Paper "These many complications and elaborations of this essential and essentializing dichotomy about the true nature of woman can be seen to come together in the character of La Malinche, a figure not well known outside of Mexico (except to those whose families originally came from Mexico). This paper explores the figure of La Malinche, a figure who representations have over the years become at least in general more positive as Mexicans have regained a sense of themselves as a people worthy of self-respect ? and as Mexican women have refused to see themselves as meriting only the role of a traitor condemned to silence."
Abstract This paper traces the origins and development of the Rastafarian religion, beginning with the spokesman, Marcus Garvey. The contributions of Emperor Haile Selassie are focused upon and the development of the religion in Jamaica is studied. The philosophy behind the religion is explored and its doctrine is laid out. The religion's colors, symbols and rituals are explained and the external influences on the religion are looked at.
From the Paper "However, the Rastafarian movement gained a following and formally began in 1930, after Selassie was crowned and the evident completion of the millennial expectations of Marcus Garvey. Furthermore, one of its early leaders Leonard Howell, who in 1933 was arrested by the Jamaican government for preaching a revolutionary doctrine (The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions, Keith Crim, editor, p. 601), helped formed the theology of the movement. His arrest helped shaped the movement's organizational structure."
Abstract This paper discusses the history and culture of the recent immigrants to the United States from Africa and the Caribbean. It details how these immigrants are labeled as "African Americans" and lumped into the same sub-culture as the veteran African American population of the United States since the slave-trade. These two population groups are compared for their manners, cultures and social norms. A history of African immigration to America is provided.
From the Paper "The African Americans, or Black Americans as they are called, are the largest minority group in the United States, after the Hispanic Americans. This is a racial group whose ancestry is believed to be from the sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are some African Americans who claim to have their roots from the European immigrants, Native American or the Asians. In general the African American populations is usually referred to as Negroes, blacks and Afro-Americans. "
A brief examination of how the Age of Discovery (15th to the 17th century Europe) effected both the population of Europe and the population of the New World.
Abstract This paper shows the positive and negative effects of the Age of Discovery on the society of the time. The European population largely enjoyed the positive benefits - exposure to new cultures and open trade routes, new goods and advanced technology. The negative impacts were felt by the populations who were "discovered" for the first time by the Europeans.
From the Paper "Not unlike the way the "race for the moon" became the driving force of American scientific exploration during the 1950's and 1960?s, the race to control the trade routes to the far reaches of the globe and to expand its technological knowledge of navigation became the driving force of Spanish foreign and domestic policy during the period of world history from the 15th to the 17th centuries. This period is also commonly called "The Age of Discovery" by European historians. The economic impact of Spain's forays into the New World or worlds ultimately changed the face of European knowledge of the world and the economic structure of Europe. Both the residents of Spain and Europe as a whole, however, experienced both positive and negative effects of this exploration. However, the effects upon Europe were on the whole largely beneficial, because of the increased exposure to new goods and the expansion of technology and knowledge that came as a result of colonization and exploration. However, the impact upon the existing inhabitants of the New World was largely negative."
Abstract This paper discusses the Cuban "Ten Years War", which began in 1868, and argues against America's interference in this war. It begins by outlining the background to the war and the course of its first three years. It then shifts its focus to the involvement of the U.S.A. in the conflict, starting with the initial American on U.S. shores, and then moving on to trace the U.S.A.'s decline into full-scale war in Cuba. It brings up the Paris Peace Treaty of 1899, focusing on its implications for Cuba, and links the later communist revolution to U.S. involvement in the war of independence. It concludes by reinforcing the argument that America's involvement in this war was not beneficial to any of the countries concerned.
From the Paper "In 1883, Frederick Jackson Turner gave a speech to the World's Columbian Exposition, introducing what is now known as the ?Turner thesis" of American history. This thesis says ?continental expansion...was the driving, dynamic factor of American progress. Without [it] America's political and social institutions would stagnate. If one adhered to this way of thinking, America must expand or die.? (Musicant) It was an odd moment to being saying such things, and a prophetic one, for America has, perhaps unbeknownst to him, just run out of frontier to conquer. Further expansion had to be overseas. Of course, "overseas" was already conquered, had its own government, and its own citizens. Thus a war of conquest rose on the horizon for America. The perfect opportunity to conquer arose during what was politely called the Spanish-American war, in which America stepped in to help out a struggling band of revolutionaries and ended up killing most of them and taking their lands for itself."
Abstract The paper speaks about a community-based strategy, that alows police to trust citizens and citizens to trust, in contrast to traditonal authoritarian modes of policing. The paper explores several models of community-based policing in the world, with a focus on Jamaica.
From the Paper "In recent times, community-based policing, especially in the Western World, particularly in the United States and the UK, has been the preferred way of crime fighting. It has been accepted, however, that because of the differences in cultures, politics and economic infrastructure of societies, there may be some problems in introducing some of these measures that are designed to be more "people-oriented". Nevertheless, while resources may be one problem along with political and economic differences, there is also that problem of social acceptance of measures to be imported into a culture where the citizenry are wary of the intentions of the police force, as in Jamaica."
Tags: Constabulary, Force, Crime, Management, Unit, authoritarian, Anglophone
From the Paper "The movie "Romero" tells the true story of Archbishop Oscar Romero of El Salvador, a church leader who at first was reluctant to become embroiled in the political battles of his time. However, he eventually became a leader in the search for justice for the lower classes in that country, a role that would lead to his death at the hands of the military. The film raises a number of difficult ethical issues. One of the key ones relates to an argument that has been taking place in South America in particular for some time over the importance of and value of liberation theology, or revolution through the intercession of Catholic church leaders.
This issue is not a simple one. The political involvement of clergy from any denomination raises questions from those who believe the Church should attend to spiritual matters and leave the ..."
Radical change due to election of Vicente Fox of the National Actioin Party (PAN) & defeat of Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) after 71 years of control. Move towards a functioning federal government.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, 2001, $ 55.95
From the Paper "All who have borne witness to the recent transformation of Mexican politics seem to agree that the election of Vicente Fox- point-man of the National Action Party (PAN)- equates to nothing short of political revolution. The government of Mexico has, for the past 71 years, been controlled by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which has employed but one political agenda: to retain power at all costs. Therefore, Mexico has suffered; existing as a one-party, essentially authoritarian state under the transparent guise of federalism. Elections in Mexico, though held every six years, have been consistently rigged -- manipulated by way of ballot stuffing, bribery, coercion, intimidation, even murder. The time for change has come, and the people of Mexico appear to be seizing the day (Krauze, 1999, p. 18)."
From the Paper "One of the major achievements of Maya culture was its system of hieroglyphic writing which was "the most highly developed script in pre-Columbian America." The Classic Period of Maya civilization extended roughly from A.D. 250 to A.D. 900. The writing system flourished in that era as one facet of a new, complex hierarchical order that was apparent from the civilization's remains but whose history was relatively inaccessible because the script could not be read. This writing was found on a variety of media. It was carved on freestanding stone monuments, on masonry architecture, on portable objects of bone or shell, and it was painted on pottery and in screenfold books, or codices, of bark paper. The content of the hieroglyphic codices was "primarily astronomical and divinatory" and for some time scholars believed that all Maya writing dealt..."
Effects of Mexican immigration on U.S. economy, theory, global & national factors, poverty & prejudice, impact on agriculture & labor force, Immigration Control Reform Act of 1986.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 14 sources, 1996, $ 79.95
From the Paper "In California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, a large proportion of the immigrant population groups are undocumented aliens ("Tucson or Bust" A29). Strong opposition, as evidenced by the success at the polls of Proposition 187, exists in these states to the extension of public social services to undocumented aliens and to the employment of undocumented aliens. Republican Pat Buchanan, running for the party's nomination for president, has made illegal immigration one of his hot-button issues. Some Republican governors"notably Pete Wilson in California and George Bush, Jr. in Texas"have emphasized the same issue at the state level."
From the Paper "CHIAPAS REBELLION
This research paper describes and analyzes the Chiapas rebellion in Mexico in 1994-1995, what happened and why and the consequences. This outbreak of violence in the state of Chiapas did not represent a spontaneous indigenous uprising nor did it represent a serious military threat to the Federal government; however, because of when and where it occurred and its aftereffects, including the government's reaction and other events, it helped accelerate political change in Mexico and reflected the severe economic and social stresses which were associated with the economic restructuring and modernization of the country.
Uprising and Reactions
On January 1-2, 1994, six days after Mexico ratified the North American Free Trade Agreements (NAFTA), a force of 1000-.."
From the Paper " Bartolome de las Casas, in History of the Indies, presents a history of the Spanish experience in the New World from 1492 to 1520. Las Casas, however, wants to do much more than merely give a factual account of that experience. He more importantly delivers a moral and political critique of the Spanish rule in the Americas, and it is a severe ethical indictment, indeed. The author wants to make the world aware of the inhumanity of the treatment of the native population and of Spanish slaves, and to show the terrible human, political, economic and moral costs of those actions to not merely the New World but also to the nation of Spain.
As Andree Collard writes in his Introduction to the book, "Spain in the sixteenth century had Bartolome de las Casas . . . (1474-1566)" to "denounce these human failings." He "was a man.."
From the Paper "The United States has a 2,000-mile border to the south with Spanish-speaking Mexico. There are 316 miles of fence, backed by Border Patrol surveillance, between the two countries ("INS: Sanctions"). In January 1996, Border Patrol apprehensions of illegal immigrants seeking to enter the United States from Mexico numbered 169,000 ("INS: Budget"). Illegal immigration has become a crisis in U.S. domestic politics and in U.S.-Mexico relations.
The hiring of non-union immigrants has been used as a major union-fighting strategy by the major agricultural business interests of the Southwest, which dominate state politics. Indeed, this tactic has spread beyond the confines of the Southwest, agribusiness, and the U.S.-Mexico situation. Consequently, American unions have felt greater and greater.."
