Abstract The first part of this paper looks at classic definitions of male and female traits and how men and women are socialized into these roles. For example, men are believed to be more assertive while women are empathetic. The second part of the paper looks at how these different traits are perceived in the workplace. In the last part, the paper discusses the emergence of a new leadership paradigm, where successful executives are blending "masculine" and "feminine" qualities, resulting in a successful new leadership style.
From the Paper "Biology classified people according to their sex, which is male or female. This biological dichotomy, however, has given rise to studies that generally classify male and female roles as a function of their sex. This approach to studying male and female behavior starts from the premise that sex roles are acquired early in life, as an inevitable result of biology.
Such conclusions were drawn from the earliest studies of male and female behavior. For example, the characteristics of domination, rebellion, ambition and cynicism were classified as masculine traits. Typical male activities include hobbies like repairing electrical appliances. On the other hand, qualities like tact, dependence, consideration and emotion were considered feminine traits. For these reasons, females were more likely to engage in activities geared towards their physical appearance (Constantinople 1973)."
Abstract Discusses the social, economic and family positions of women during the course of the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the US, its overlap of the Victorian era and the improvements that it ultimately made to gender-equality in society.
Abstract The paper discusses the minimum wage legislation and sheds light on arguments against and in favor of this important law. We need to understand that the minimum wage law is not supported by all sections of the society,and that some believe it leads to unemployment and inflation. But the proponents of the legislation feel that it increases productivity and consumer spending which are essential for the positive growth of the economy.
Abstract This paper examines why men and women get paid differently for the same type of job, and discusses possible solutions to gender discrimination and unequal pay.
Abstract This paper will examine the topic of sexual harassment in the workplace, including a definition of sexual harassment and its various forms. A closer look at the employment law in this regard, as well as five case studies, will be included in the essay, which will be wrapped up with a normative analysis of how the problem is and should be resolved.
Abstract This paper will discuss the aspects of the 'glass ceiling', which affects how women are treated inferior in pay grades in the workplace. By understanding these objectives, we can see why women take the backseat to men in this aspect of workplace gender.
An examination of the current research on music and the workplace and exploration of the effects on performance of places that play music as opposed to places that don't, upon the worker.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, 2002, $ 53.95
Abstract To understand the question as to whether or not music has an effect upon performance in the workplace one must understand that music can and does have an effect (both positive and negative) upon the performance of anyone in any environment. Many studies have been completed that highlight the effects of music production upon the long-term educational process, of music listening and the types of music listened to on laboratory animals, adults, children, and even agricultural crops and house-plants. These studies have provided for a general consensus that music, the right music at the right volume, can help people relax, focus more intently upon their tasks, absorb material and information at a higher rate, and be, in general, more productive. The problem is, however, that what is and what is not conducive to work environments depends wholly upon the type of work being done, the personalities of the workers, and the level of flexibility offered by the employer in relation to the playing / listening to and of music while at work. What we can derive from these studies is that most businesses that do not require their workers to be in a constant state of intense communication that requires full attention for give and take in the conversation (i.e. phone service-related employees) that do provide for music in the workplace will find that workers are more prone to be productive. But, there is a caveat as stated previously - it depends upon the music itself and the relative receptiveness of the audience as to whether or not mass-music is appropriate or if individualized (i.e. headphones or speakers playing quietly at a desk) music playing is better. The wrong music / personality combination can result in negative results, greater levels of frustration and irritation, and lower levels of productivity.
Abstract This six-page undergraduate paper examines the Haymarket violence and identifies the economic, political, and social factors that led to it. The author analyzes why unions had wide appeal among the working class during the Gilded Age and why officials, the press, and society reacted as they did.
Abstract Though child labor is most dramatically seen on the Indian subcontinent, it exists in the United States as well. The illegal alien and child labor persist because the capital savings they represent are irresistible to those short on ethics and prone to avarice. This paper will explore both phenomena with an eye toward understanding the economic impact.
Abstract This paper discusses how, in this new generation of globalization and multiplicity, individuals subsist even with various differences like gender, race, religion, ethnicity or culture, disability or immigrant status. It looks at how, all through history women, have had to fight for their rights against inequality, discrimination, injustice, and subjugation of all sorts and how, in the past forty years, women have progressed enormously. It discusses how, although a woman can now easily get elected to office or hold a proper job and financially support herself and her family, it does not mean that women are given equal opportunities and rights in the United States.
From the Paper "All through history women have had to fight for their rights, against inequality, discrimination, injustice and subjugation of all sorts, though most of the time their fights have either not been given any attention or have been just hidden. The working class women have had to face various kinds of impediments in history to gain a position of equality. Along with having to face their household responsibilities and also work in horrible working condition where at every opportunity they are exploited, they have had to struggle with ? one hand tied behind them?, as stated by a working class suffragist. They have also had to compete with an ideology that had assigned them a particular position in the society and a pattern as to behave in the society."
Tags: discrimination, injustice, subjugation, rights, working, class
Abstract This paper looks at how sexual harassment is a profound violation of the respect with which each individual should be treated by others. In particular, it examines the problem of sexual harassment in the workplace and some of the legal remedies to this problem, which can ruin careers, damage relationships with family and friends, and force victims into years of therapy in an attempt to regain the sense of wholeness that they once possessed.
Outline
Introduction
What Is Sexual Harassment?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's Guidelines
From the Paper "The effect of both the EEOC guidelines and changes in the law have been that workers have more rights to complain ? and more chance of being heard when they do): Complaints about harassment in the workplace have risen sharply since Congress amended the Civil Rights Act in 1991 to allow victims of job discrimination to win as much as $300,000 in damages from their employers. More than 15,600 sexual harassment charges were filed with the EEOC in fiscal 1998, a slight decline from the year before but more than double the number filed in fiscal 1991. (Racial harassment charges rose to nearly 10,000 in fiscal 1998 from nearly 5,000 in fiscal 1991.) (Brooks C5)."
Abstract This paper discusses this law, which bans discrimination, including sex-based discrimination, by trade unions, schools, or employers that are involved in interstate commerce or that do business with the federal government. It describes how important this law is in the workplace and entire economy.
From the Paper "The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in a broad array of private conduct including public accommodations, governmental services and education. One section of the Act, referred to as Title VII, prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion and national origin (Milestones 2). The Act prohibits discrimination against the aforementioned protected classes in the areas of recruitment, hiring, wages, assignment, promotions, benefits, discipline, discharge, layoffs and almost every aspect of employment (Milestones No Date)."
Abstract The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), a federation of autonomous labor unions in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Panama, and U.S. dependencies, was formed in 1955 by the merger of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). This paper traces the history of the AFL-CIO, including the events that led up to the 1955 merger. It also discusses the organization's political leanings, operations, and presidents.
From the Paper "From the start of Kirkland's term, the AFL-CIO was forced to adapt to a number of adverse economic trends. Union membership dropped from 33% of all U.S. workers in 1960 to 14% in the late 1990s. To shore up organized labor's declining influence, the AFL-CIO concentrated on organizing service workers and public employees and improving labor unity. In 1981 the UAW rejoined the union; the Teamsters (1988) and United Mine Workers (1989) later followed."
Abstract This paper examines the topic of gender inequality and presents a review of literature that supports the argument that stereotypical roles of gender have led to inequality in marriages and gender relationships, which in turn, have impacted the ability of women to become truly financially and emotionally secure.
From the Paper "The issue of gender inequality in relationships is of great social concern, especially in light of the increasing divorce rate and the growing numbers of single mothers bringing up children. The increasing break down of the traditional family structure implies the need for women to be more and more financially independent. Yet, a review of literature on the subject indicates that gender inequality in relationships persists and has led to a situation where women are still unable to break the traditional stereotype of the female role and focus on developing an independent career."
