Abstract This paper states that the author wants to test the hypothesis that the larger the unemployment rate, the larger the number of crimes that will be committed. The author proposes that reviewing the available literature provides the best method to determine the type and frequency of crimes and then tries to compare this information against employment figures. The paper explains that this mega-research offers much insight into how unemployment can affect the crime rate and why it is important that this issue be dealt with.
Table of Contents
Problem or Objective
Subjects for Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
From the Paper "All of these variables can be defined in a very straightforward manner, and they can be discovered through information found in the research of others. Most of the research variables that this research intends to study have been studied before, but looking at so many variables in one study is not all that common. Most often, only one or two variables are examined, and while this brings clarity of focus to the particular study, it does not allow for consideration of the many other factors that may be important. This clarity of focus on only one or two things often brings confusion about the larger issue, and since it does not take into account the many other reasons that may affect someone's decision to commit a criminal act, many limitations are involved that could have been removed had the study examined more potential variables in an effort to see the whole picture, rather than just a part of it."
Abstract This paper examines the meaning of burnout as defined by noted psychologist Beverly Potter, including the symptoms such as anger and the sense of loss of control. It provides a literature review covering numerous aspects of burnout in health care. It looks at the problems facing hospitals as a result and suggests various solutions for how hospital workers can attempt to achieve better working conditions in order to avoid the stress and potential burnout created by low wages, long working hours, and over-crowded conditions.
Outline
Introduction: Defining the Problem of "Burnout"
The Literature Covering Numerous Aspects of Burnout in Healthcare
A Hospital Management Dichotomy: Priorities out of Whack
Solutions: Fighting for Better Working Conditions to Stave off Burnout and Stress
From the Paper "What causes burnout in healthcare environments? Research in the Radiological Technology (Akroyd) journal reflects the point that conditions in the healthcare marketplace "exacerbate the pressures" on employees and organizations. That is true because healthcare organizations "are forced to improve profit margins" while simultaneously ?maintaining the highest standard of medical care.? In other words, healthcare workers are expected to do ?more with fewer resources,? and that dynamic leads to stress and burnout."
Abstract This paper explains that the emotional condition of the individual social worker can be understood as being directly related to the professional's job satisfaction, which is no longer understood to result from a monetarily successful practice or other extrinsic factors that affect the social worker. The author points out that the nature of human service occupations often attracts people who are empathetic, sensitive, and tend to be people-oriented, but also who are anxious, introverted, and overenthusiastic. The paper reports that the cross-design research will break the surveyed population into groups by age and gender demographics and will attempt to identify common experiences, factors, and perceptions, which affect the appearance of burnout in the professional's career path.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methods
Part One
Part Two
Sampling Plan
Measurement Variables
From the Paper "Burnout, on the other hand, is defined as a negative psychological experience that is a reaction of workers to job-related stress. Burnout refers to a cluster of physical, emotional, and interactional symptoms, including but not limited to emotional exhaustion, a sense of lacking personal accomplishment. This condition often results in the professional depersonalizing clients their clients, and detaching from the lists of emotional and psycho-social needs which clients bring into their office each day. Burnout symptoms also can include physical symptoms, emotional exhaustion, depression, or other serious emotional dysfunction. Recurrent bouts of flu, headaches, fatigue, poor self-esteem, difficulty in interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, inability to concentrate, rigidity, and tendency to blame clients for their problems can appear singularly, or in combination as evidence of burnout."
Abstract This paper details the poverty and poor working conditions in England during the Victorian Era and how these conditions had a profoundly negative impact on the health and well-being of the working class. The paper describes the long hours, hazardous working conditions, and low pay that sentenced the people of the working class to a life of inadequate food, housing, medical care, and education. The paper also points out how the Victorian Era is a disturbing example of the consequences of substandard working condition.
From the Paper "Poor working conditions had a tremendous and negative effect on the health of the working class in England in the Victorian Age. The Victorian Age (the nineteenth century) saw the rise of a large working class, where women, men, and children are spent long hours in employment in substandard conditions. Working conditions were poor, and physical mistreatment was common, as were long hours, unhealthy conditions, and poor wages. As a direct result of these poor conditions and ensuing poverty, the health of the average working class Victorian was poor. Nutrition and hygiene were poor, and disease was common, as was malnutrition."
Tags: toiling, factories, industrial, revolution, workforce, difficult, grueling, damaging, health
Abstract Over the past few decades, governmental aid to the poor has increasingly reflected changes in U.S. population statistics and demographics. As welfare rolls began to reveal higher numbers of non-white recipients, negative attitudes toward the poor escalated. Consequently, poor people in the U.S. have suffered accusations of immorality, laziness and lack of work ethic. This paper refutes the notion that the poor are responsible for the social and economic problems they have encountered. Sociocultural, political, and economic factors have each contributed to the hardships faced by the poor in America.
From the Paper "As America moved from an agricultural based society to an industrial base, urban centers grew from an influx of rural labor. De-industrialization has resulted in another influx of laborers into metropolitan areas, only to find chronic unemployment and economic segregation into undesirable and impoverished neighborhoods."
Abstract This paper documents the history of child labor in America. The tradition of child labor is discussed, the conditions under which children labored is described, and the methods of recruitment is described. The paper also describes the type of labor in which children were employed, how easily they were exploited, and how the problem of child labor was eventually addressed and made illegal. The paper also points out that this problem continues to exist throughout the world.
From the Paper "Imagine if you can the life this child had. He probably spent his days in the coal breaker "picking out the refuse, or culm, as the coal flowed down the long iron chutes". Breaker boys spend their time pulling rocks from coal cars as they rushed by. Children also worked in many other dangerous capacities. Young workers could be found in factories, mines, fields, and in the streets. Children worked to support their family, and
did not question their duty. They had a job, but no childhood, and nowhere to turn. Although many Americans would like to believe cases like this were rare, unfortunately, a well-documented history of child labor in America proves otherwise. Who were these children and what was the reason for their childless lives?"
Abstract This paper describes the problem of child labor and looks at the countries where it is most often practiced. The paper describes the horrible working and living conditions that these children are subjected to and looks at how some multinational companies take advantage of the cheap labor provided by child laborers instead of taking a moral stand against the problem.
From the Paper "Child labor is one of the worst social problems that exist in modern society (Yan, 2002). The term child labor brings images of exploited and uncared children. In the many areas that child labor exists, Indonesia is one that has an especially large percentage of children working at a young age. Government statistics reveal that 2.08 million children between the ages of 10-14 works in Indonesia are employed at dangerous places. Among these children, half work full time. The amount of work and hours these children have are the same as adults. Many children work under hazardous conditions as scavengers, garbage pickers and fishing platforms. For obvious reasons, this is one of the greatest labor issues faced by the country."
A look at how the plight of migrant workers today seeking the American dream has not changed since their depiction in John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath".
Abstract This paper contends that, although advancements in technology and progress in legislation to protect workers may seem to ease migrant workers' hardships in the United States, migrant workers today are no better off than those depicted in "The Grapes of Wrath". It discusses how the mindset of the men employing migrant workers today has not changed from that of those who employed migrant workers more than sixty years ago.
From the Paper "Much of the hope of migrant farm workers in The Grapes of Wrath lay in the pursuit of the "American Dream." As Wilson said, "Why, jus' think how it's gonna be, under them shady trees a-pickin' fruit an' takin' a bite ever' once in a while...I bet a fella could have a place of his own." (201) The migrant farm workers were only seeking comfortable lives and relatively good wages to sustain those comfortable lifestyles. They were looking for equality and fairness for themselves and for their communities. An example of their seeking fairness and equality was when a large group of people were on strike at the Hooper ranch in Pixley, California. Their wages had been reduced so much that the workers could not survive, so they bravely initiated a strike."
Abstract This paper discusses what motivates Western companies to outsource and includes the effects it has on the American job market. The paper also makes the rather bold claim that, while outsourcing has denied jobs to experienced workers in the United States, much evidence proves the practice indirectly produces more jobs at home. The paper contends that the willingness of overseas workers to accept significantly lower wages challenges local companies to consider the extent of their obligation to employees.
From the Paper "In a significant report by Gartner, Inc., the leading provider of research and analysis on the global Information Technology industry, one out of every ten jobs in American software industry by the end of 2004 will completely move to low-cost emerging markets like India, China and Russia since United States companies have moved to cut costs. In recent years companies have acknowledged off shoring as a viable, long-term, cost-effective means to staying competitive in the global market. In the article, "More tech jobs going overseas. Trend is hurting U.S. programmers," the consulting firm Cap Gemini Ernst & Young reports, "an average computer programmer in India costs $20 per hour in wages and benefits, while an American with a comparable degree and experience costs $65 per hour." In an article by Amit Asaravala, titled, "Biz Panel Touts 'Offshoring,'" the Forrester Research Group, an independent technology research company that provides advice about technology's impact on business, reports that by 2015, "$136 billion in wages will shift to overseas workers" who are willing to accept far lower salaries than U.S. workers. The willingness of overseas workers to accept significantly lower wages challenges companies to consider what extent their obligation is to employees."
Abstract This paper examines the data and economic trends of the past twenty years in an effort to determine whether NAFTA has been a great boon to the U.S. economy or whether it has, in fact, destroyed jobs and spun trade deficits out of control.
The Case for NAFTA
The Case Against NAFTA
Analysis
Conclusions for NAFTA's Future
From the Paper "Three pens were taken up on December 17, 1992, and three men signed their names marking a historic day in international trade relations. It was that day that President Bush of the United States of America, President Salinas of the United Mexican States, and Prime Minister Mulroney of Canada, each in their respective capitals, signed the North American Free Trade Agreement. Exactly eleven months later, with a vote of 234 to 200 the U.S. House of Representative passed the agreement. The U.S. Senate followed suit with a vote of 60 to 38, just three days later, on November 20, 1993. With President Clinton's signature on December 20, 1993, and effective January 1, 1994, the nearly 400 million people of North America became unified in one integrated marketplace under NAFTA."
Abstract This paper presents the ABC Widget Company's handbook on employee privacy rights. The privacy rights issues addressed in the handbook include the following: The rights of workers to personal privacy in the workplace, information technology and email privacy, and expectations and requirements of ABC for its employees in the exercise of their duties and responsibilities in the workplace.
From the Paper "In the Age of Information, there are increasing concerns being voiced about what can legitimately be expected to be kept private, and how these issues affect employees' rights in the workplace. According to Hayden, Hendricks and Novak (1990, most adults spend approximately one-half of their waking hours in the workplace today, and it is therefore not surprising that employment practices affect a broad range of privacy rights. With the sole exception of polygraph ("lie-detector") testing, there are not many areas of workplace activities that are addressed by the U.S. Constitution or national privacy laws. As a result, employers in the United States have a great deal of flexibility in collecting data on their employees, regulating their access to personnel files, and disclosing the contents of employee files to those outside the organization. Besides the issue of personnel files, workplace privacy involves such practices as polygraph testing, drug testing, computer and telephone monitoring, and interference with personal lifestyle (Hayden et al., 1990)."
Abstract This study looks at the outsourcing of American jobs and how this is affecting the workers in America. There are many serious effects on the country, both positive and negative, that are related to the fact that many jobs are being outsourced, but there is also the issue of what the media wants individuals to believe about outsourcing and what it really accurate. Dispelling the myth that outsourcing is nothing but dangerous and problematic is also important. The study uses qualitative methods to show that outsourcing can be good for the economy and for the country, although not necessarily for the specific workers. Some may find better jobs, but many others do not, and therefore there are both pros and cons to the issue of outsourcing American jobs to other countries. The explains that why companies do this varies based on the company, but the main reasons appear to be profit margins and the ability to high more highly-skilled workers in America with the money that the company saves by sending the lower-skilled jobs overseas.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Problem Statement
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature
Chapter Three: Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of the Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary of Chapter Three
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper "The plight of the American worker is something that has been lamented throughout history for various reasons. Some of these reasons were really more significant than others, and some of the reasons were simply complaints that the workers felt that they could get away with. However, outsourcing is somewhat different than just a workers' complaint. The reason behind this is that outsourcing affects so many different people for various reasons. From the poorly-skilled immigrant that is desperate for a job to the corporate executive that loses his job because there is no longer anyone for him to supervise, outsourcing can affect almost everyone.
The issue of outsourcing is one that has been misunderstood for many years. There are individuals that study it and discuss how significant it is, and there are others that see it as some kind of made-up problem that is really not important enough to focus on. Both of these are valid points of view but, in recent years, it has generally been accepted that outsourcing is problematic for many American workers today, and that the study of it is important. Unlike standard business problems, such as issues with profits or employee morale, outsourcing is not something that can be 'cured' by making some adjustments to the business as it is understood in the traditional sense. It affects so many people that there is a real issue of what it is doing to the country as a whole."
Abstract This paper examines how during the nineteenth century, labor organizations focused on ways to strengthen and secure themselves. In contrast, it looks at how today, labor unions are faced with a much different world and how due to the changing environment, companies are realizing a larger economy of scale by becoming part of the global economy. It discusses the role of the labor union as well as the advantages and disadvantages of hiring unionized workers.
Outline
Introduction
Labor Unions of the Past
Labor Unions of Today
What Does a Union Do?
Reasons for Joining a Union
Conclusion
From the Paper "The first concern of a labor union is getting members, organizing the unorganized. Every national union carries on organizing activities through a staff of professional organizers. These days the organizers are likely to be well-educated, sophisticated individuals, with a college degree. Although their carefully planned organizing efforts will be aided by rank and file members, union organizers must have the same knowledge of human motivation and skill in communications techniques as any vice-president of marketing. Organizers in a sense are marketing people, marketing the concept of union membership. Companies vulnerable to unionization often have consultants on retainer or experts on staff to forestall or defeat attempts to organize them."
Abstract This report looks at the general issue of age discrimination in the workplace, focusing more specifically on ageism as it applies to older individuals between the ages of forty and seventy. This issue is looked at in terms of existing studies on the issue and how it is being dealt with in a programmatic manner by organizations. That is, this report does not just look at the problem of age discrimination in the workplace, but also explores existing literature for solution based measures that can be used to advocate and recommend change. The report then goes on to make these recommendations, including the recommendation that organizations install programs that are respective of employee diversity to help educate people about the perils of ageism as it exists as a problem in our society.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion of Findings
Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper "It is the main finding of the current report that in most cases, age discrimination in the workplace can be directly related to ageism in the society. Ageism is a type of prejudice that is leveled against people because of the sole feature of their age rather than about getting to know the person as a complex human being. Often when they have prejudiced attitudes, people will determine that everyone in a certain group defined oftenby physical characteristics is going to act the same way. One source of ageist attitudes therefore is prejudice against the older individuals in society. Prejudice against older individuals through ageism may manifest itself in a relatively harmless way or a way that actually harms the older individual, and this is a good reason that these stereotypes should be eliminated."
Abstract A team is a small number of people gathered together to serve a common purpose. Each member has complementary abilities and is devoted to a common objective, performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves equally responsible.This paper covers the benefits of having a team, how to create a team and the issue of problems and solutions within teams.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Benefits of Team-Building
Creating a Team
Problems with Teams
References
From the Paper "After the team is established, there are several things that can be expected during the first months. As with anything new, uncertainty and frustration is inevitable. Team members may be confused about their expectations. Team members are faced with different expectations, responsibilities and challenges. Similar to beginning a new job, team members need to orientate themselves to their work, figuring out the best way of doing tasks or gaining information."
