Abstract This paper examines how from the termination, in 1815, of Federalism, the political concept supporting a strong central government, to the rise of the slavery problem in the 1850s, American political history was typified by bitter partisan conflict on the part of the Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson and the Whigs. It shows how the major transformation in the JacksonianEra was the materialization of a solid two-party system. It shows how the party eventually to become known as the Republican Party has given the U.S. the basic political formation that survives to this day and how the present Republican and Democratic parties have much in common with their ancestors.
From the Paper "A lot of Jacksonians considered themselves as strangers to the old Jeffersonian political order, which they assumed had wandered away from true republican values. Fraction of their aggression was intended at Quincy Adams, not for the reason that he diverged from the Democratic-Republican principles of 1816, but for the reason that he personified them all too well. If, as William Ward has declared, Jackson was the "symbol for an age," it was mainly alien to the old Democratic-Republicans. Jackson's America was more democratic, as well as more unrestricted than the one practiced by Jefferson and anticipated by Quincy Adams (James, 1938)."
Tags: republican, whigs, jefferson, slavery, government
Abstract This paper discusses how President Jackson was a staunch defender of slavery while the American abolitionist movement was gaining strength. The paper explains that it was this conflict that is seen as creating the tensions which eventually lead to civil war between the northern and southern states. The paper relates that democracy eventually lead to the abandonment of slavery in the North, and the loss of the Civil War ensured that the South would have to abandon slavery too.
From the Paper "Jackson, like these people, was a staunch defender of slavery; in part, this was in connection with the idea of Manifest Destiny, the belief that white people were naturally superior to all black people. This was part of the reason that the issue of abolitionism became such a topic of debate within the Jasksonian democracy.
"Jacksonian democracy was resistant to the idea of slavery, firstly because it considered it a distraction from the real issues of the economy, and the taking of new land from the Native Americans. The Jacksonians viewed the co-operation of the Southern states as necessary to achieve these goals, and the Abolitionists were alienating the Southern supporters of reform. As Frankel (1947) says: "The Issue of Slavery was the key to the real nature of Jacksonianism"."
This paper reviews Michael Feldberg's "The Turbulent Era: Riot and Disorder in Jacksonian America," a vivid portrait of the violence that existed in America of the mid-19th century.
Abstract This paper explains that Feldberg places importance on the crisis of violence in the 1830's and 1840's because it was the first time in American history that the nation saw such an eruption of unrest. The author points out that Feldberg's approach is not only thorough in the range of the categories of riots examined, but also systematic and in-depth in its analysis of the unrest that was characteristic of the Jacksonianera. The paper explains that in his analysis of the social and cultural factors, such as the temperance crusade and its impact on further alienating the Irish immigrants from the nativists, the reader gets a great deal of insight into the life and times of the people in the Jacksonianera.
From the Paper "Feldberg's approach to examining the causes and nature of the riots in the era is thorough, examining as it does, anti-immigrant; religious, anti-abolitionist; anti-black and other forms of politically motivated violence. The book even takes the reader through incidents of trouble caused by recreational, labor, and vigilante movements. Through using such an approach, Feldberg examines the root causes of the disturbances, in all its nuances, and thereby presents a picture of a young nation torn apart by the desire of various factions to protect or gain social power, status and political influence."
Abstract This paper will argue that the majority of Americans of the Jacksonianera welcomed the new market economy that Jackson fostered and came to symbolize.
Abstract This paper discusses the Progressive Era in American History, incorporating Sinclair's The Jungle and Doctorow's Ragtime. It relates Progressive ideals to the election of 1912 and explores social motives and ramifications of the Progressive Era.
From the Paper "The historical time period in the United States preceding the Progressive Era often called the Gilded Age was a time of growing industrialization and conglomeration of corporate interests into trusts. Many grew rich during this period and many more were left poor. As immigrants moved into the country from Southern and Eastern Europe filling cities and factories and bringing their old-world ways to America many among the blue-blood upper and middle classes who had pulled themselves up by their bootstraps to economic success in ..."
Abstract This paper examines the Progressive Era and its legacy. It explains that Progressivism fundamentally changed the way Americans perceived the role of government. The author contends that the aftermath of WWI would soften, but not derail, the sense of moral purpose and optimism that characterized the Progressive Movement.
From the Paper "The Progressive Era in the United States characterized the early century also referred to as the Age of Reform the effects of this period would reverberate throughout American life for generations to come. Put simply Progressivism sought to change the relationship between the American government and its people. This change would help to complete a transformation in America which was turning from a largely agrarian society to a largely urbanized one ..."
Tags: progressivism, world war I, progressive era, roosevelt, wilson, trusts, women's suffrage
Abstract The paper examines the era and philosophy of former US President Thomas Jefferson, that included the terms of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe. The paper then looks at opponent Andrew Jackson's appeal and his strategies. The paper discusses how although three presidents established the Jeffersonian legacy, when Andrew Jackson, folk hero, man of simple messages, came along, there had been sufficient growth and yearning for change in the American electorate to allow him to win. The paper shows how this spelled defeat for Jeffersonian democracy and a victory for Jacksonian democracy.
Outline:
The First Party System
The Second Party System
The Jeffersonian Era The Jackson Era How Have Political Parties Stayed True to a Jacksonian Style
Why Did Jeffersonian Democracy Not Prevail
From the Paper "The Federalists were interested in "...increasing the authority of the central government," Flanigan writes, hence the Federalists received the firm backing of commercial and financial sectors of the American society at that time. But the Jeffersonian Republicans "...distrusted the centralizing and, in their view, aristocratic tenancies of their rivals," Flanigan continues. The two parties actually were launched as factions in the U.S. Congress, but as time passed the two parties' influence spread to the state and local level, and down to the voting public. These two parties helped develop form and fine-tune their opinions about issues that were important to the country."
Abstract In the early 20th century, Sylvester Graham developed a dietary regimen that sought to strike a balance between emotions, naturalism, and spirituality. While many of his concepts, particularly concerning sexual excesses contributing to ill health, have since been debunked, some of these approaches to health maintenance have been refined and expanded in the years since and remain influential today. This paper provides a review of Nissenbaum's book, "Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America: Sylvester Graham and Health Reform:", as well as the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature, to determine what Graham's concepts involved, the social reform efforts that emerged during this period in American history, and the impact that these trends had on the American consciousness. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
From the Paper "The main purpose of Stephen Nissenbaum's book is to describe Sylvester Graham's impact on the healthcare reforms taking place during this period of American history. In this book, Nissenbaum links the beginnings of physiological theory and the new commercial economy of Jacksonian American with the later Victorian healthcare reforms. Like his Kellogg cereal counterpart in the movie, "Wellville," Graham was responsible for bringing the wholesome graham cracker snack to the American public, and ultimately creating a multi-billion dollar cereal industry in the United States. The American obsession with "six-pack abs" did not start with Graham, but he was the creator of the graham cracker and believed that dietary and sexual excesses were the primary causes of disease. "
Abstract The following paper discusses the "Three Eras of Communication,? that Sarah Russell Hankins? talks about in her essay. According to her essay, three eras of communication can be divided roughly as existing in three distinct eras or forms of idea transmission. The author discusses the primary orality era, the literary era and the secondary literary orality.
From the paper:
" The second of these eras is that of the secondary or literary era of communication. To a certain extent, to call this era secondary is disingenuous, as many cultures, such as that of the early Celtic culture in Ireland, never moved onto a literary form of communication, and obviously oral transmission occurs on a daily basis in literate cultures. However, Hankins' point is that the introduction of literacy changes the nature of both written and oral communication, as well as introducing a new venue for that communication. This era moves stretches through the invention of the first alphabet to the introduction of the printing press in the Middle Ages".
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that police work in the United States has moved with many challenges through three distinct eras: The Political Era, the Reform Era and the Community Problem Solving Era. The writer notes that police work has evolved slowly as departments have grown into their current stature. Each era came with challenges imposed by local politics, the economy, and the social issues of the day. It is only by hindsight that one sees these three eras so easily identifiable. The writer concludes that today's policing is a complicated mix of political, reform, and community issues with a legal framework including civil rights, that requires highly-trained police officers and staffs.
From the Paper "During this era of policing the county was becoming more urbanized and industrialized. These were also a key factor that helps push the reform of policing during this time period. Reforms called for centralized and universalistic police departments. Early American police were part of the communities they served and they still perform those community services.
"During the Reform Era we see the beginnings of police professionalism, the science of policing improved, training and the use of civil service exams in police selection and promotion."
Tags: police, officers, law, enforcement, community, order
