Abstract This study attempts to evaluate the best possible use of military intervention so that universal standards of the use of military force can be established for the international community. The paper evaluates the dangers involved in both the use of force and in not using force and attempts to determine which situations make the use of military force appropriate.
Table of Contents
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Discussion
Recommendations
From the Paper "Generally speaking, the use of military force has been restricted to the expansion of territory and with the apparent needs of capitalism such as trade, finance and natural resources. However as of September 11, 2001, the doctrine of military intervention has drastically transformed because of the new threat of terrorism that has surfaced. This threat of terrorism does not appear in the form of state, nation or ethnic group, but rather in the form of individual groups who seek to solve their disputes by resorting to violence because they see the world and its residents as selfish and greedy who have failed to address their needs."
Tags: civilized, world, united, states, fanatical, groups, demand, instigating, human, rights
This paper explores in detail the behavior of the U.S. towards Iran regarding the issue of nuclear weapons while examining America's methods of sustaining its hegemonic presence in the world.
Abstract This paper examines both sides of the nuclear issue by stating Iran has concerns regarding the attainment of nuclear technology but wishes to appear to the world as an advanced and well-developed nation. With nuclear weapons, Iran's influence in the Middle East could be increased which could entail an alliance with Iraq that would promote anti-U.S. sentiment resulting in undermining U.S. efforts in the Middle East in general. The writer of this paper focuses on the behavior of the U.S. towards Iran on the matter of nuclear non-proliferation and explains in-depth how the U.S. is using a web of approaches to maintain its world wide hegemonic presence.
From the Paper "The behavior of the United States towards Iran regarding the issue of nuclear non-proliferation could be viewed through a number of theories, but the most proficient analysis of this situation is achieved through regime theory. Foremost, we must understand the issues surrounding why the U.S. wants to halt Iran's desire for nuclear technology. Since Iran does not currently have nuclear capabilities, it would be nearly impossible for them to launch a trans-Atlantic attack for a period of 5-10 years. Although that possibility seems unlikely, the U.S. is promoting the prevention of such a future assault. Another possibility is that if Iran was able to hone nuclear technology, other Arab states such as Egypt and Syria would feel threatened by this considering the negative relations of Iran and Israel, and would not want to be caught in the middle."
Tags: U.S., nuclear, weapons, politics, middle, east
This paper discusses Michael T. Klare's "Resource Wars", which takes the old ideas of imperialism and the liberal economy and places them in the modern world, confronted with immediate shortages and conflicts surrounding of natural resources.
Abstract This paper explains that Michael T. Klare in his book "Resource Wars" states that, although society is often blinded by religious and political propaganda, the ultimate fight is for economic stability. The author points out that, using this argument, many of the United States' recent international policies supposedly aimed at the spreading of freedom can more accurately be seen as the United States acting to tighten its grip upon the world's oil supply. The author of this paper believes that Klare's argument vitally falls short because he contents himself merely to identify the root causes of future conflicts and provides few avenues for the avoidance of bloodshed. The paper aalso discusses whether alternative sources of energy can be utilized and the current supplies of water can be better distributed.
From the Paper "The core notion that privatization of the world's water supplies alone can solve the impending water crisis is likely to be false: "Water would be allocated more efficiently and wasted less if its allocation could be based on clear prices established by demand and supply. But the argument is also a bit too simplistic. Water is not a commodity like any other. Rather, it is inherently susceptible to market failure-that is, unfettered markets often will fail to allocate it optimally." Still, the claim that individual governments can remain capable of distributing water efficiently and free of pollutants is likely to be equally fallacious. The moral consequences of pricing water-essentially, placing a monetary value on life-although rather compelling and moving, remain unrealistically placed in a world threatening to reach a population of nine billion by 2050, and concurrently struggling to maintain stable economies and governments."
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the oil industry, which currently produces and supplies the world's number one energy source. This paper delves into the high swings in terms of price when there are shortages or excesses in supply, which are determined by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This paper details the 7 companies that control the oil market throughout the world which include 5 U.S. companies. This paper analyzes the importance of OPEC and its negotiation tactics with the various oil companies regarding petroleum production, prices and future rights of concession of the oil companies in the different countries. The writer of this paper details the history of the oil industry by discussing various events such as the 1973 oil embargo and the events that took place in the 1960s in which the U.S. and Europe restricted the import of oil from Russia. This paper details how world events, primarily those in the middle east, affect the price of oil. The writer explores China and India's demand for oil and how it affects global inflation in general. The government of India is now trying to reduce the prices of oil based items over the immediate future so that inflation can be reduced from the current 8% a year. This in-depth paper also analyzes the effects of America's economy on the world's oil prices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
International Oil Regime
Major Producers
OPEC
Wars and Inflation
Oil Embargo
1973 October War
Inflation
Economic Growth
Asian Giants: India and China
Increased Demand for Oil by Both Nations
Increased Prices Equal Less Economic Growth
Stagflation
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "It is seen that China is one of the fastest growing nations in economic terms and that has taken up the consumption of oil by the country from 2 million tons a year to over 10 million tons now. Even in last year, the growth is over 35 percent and according to analysis of ban credits, it is estimated that Chin will account for over 40 percent of the growth in oil demand. There is also a large increase in demand for oil in United States and this is boosting oil demand internationally. The demand for imports has now reached the limit of supply at about 80 million barrels a day, as already mentioned earlier. At the same time, there are doubts as to whether the massive imports by China are real annual demand or are for building up strategic stocks. According to JP Morgan, the stocks with china are now about 285 million barrels, and even as per statements from China, there is a stockpile being built which will be completed by the end of this year."
Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of the democratic peace theory. It contends that in modern times there is no unambiguous case of a war between democratic states, even in situations where great-power rivalry was to be expected.
From the Paper "Since the end of the Cold War a good deal of attention has been given to the so-called DPT or democratic peace theory. This theory proposes that states with democratic political ..."
Tags: democratic, peace, international, relations, war, realist, theory
Abstract This paper analyzes the efforts made by Turkey to gain acceptance into the European Union (EU), including the advantages to the EU of accepting Turkey. It looks at how the acceptance of Turkey is based on the country having stable institutions, respect for human rights, the rule of law, a functioning market economy and the ability to take on membership obligations.
From the Paper "At a December summit in Copenhagen Denmark, European Union EU or the Union officials announced that Turkey could begin membership negotiations in December if it met certain membership criteria aimed ...."
Abstract In this essay, American foreign policy is discussed. The writer examines how today, American foreign policy has begun to stray from its proud legacy of balanced diplomacy and legitimate action. The writer discusses that from 1945 through the end of the Cold War, containment and deterrence kept the U.S. out of a "hot" war of global proportions. The writer looks at how today, the doctrine of preemptive war threatens to undermine that prior objective.
From the Paper "American foreign policy has undergone many a shift in the nearly six decades since the close of World War II. At that time the wake of Hitler's dark and illegitimate aggression against his neighbors and the Jews, had given the world reason for serious pause. The principle of might makes right had been thoroughly borne out and with disastrous results. In the immediate aftermath, the United States, working with Europe and in fact inspiring the Charter of the United Nations, established that in an increasingly dangerous world peace must ... "
Tags: nuremberg, wwII, american, foreign, policy, diplomacy, statecraft, cold, war, soviet, expansion, war against terror, doctrine, of, preemptive, war
Abstract This article discusses the basic thrust of U.S. policy during the period from 1945 through 1968. The writer looks at foreign policy regarding the Cold War, doctrine of containment, nuclear fears, brush fire wars and Vietnam. The writer studies the evolution of the Cold War Policy and examines its domination in American foreign policy.
From the Paper "The years from 1945 through 1968 were dominated in American foreign policy by the Cold War, its origins in the aftermath of World War II, its emergence as the center point of policy and guiding framework of a worldview and the crisis of policy failure in Vietnam. The following essay will trace the evolution of Cold War policy in the period and the challenges that the policy was confronting by the late ... "
Tags: policy, containment, cold, war, soviet, vietnam
Abstract In this article, the writer compares and contrasts the League of Nations and the United Nations as international organizations formed to maintain peace and international cooperation. The writer discusses the League's role in reducing international tensions and its limited effectiveness. Further, the writer discusses the complexity of the United Nations as an organization.
From the Paper Inis L. Claude stated that 'One World' is in some respects an idea land an aspiration born of modern interpretations of ancient moral thoughts and of rational estimates of the requirements for human survival. Both the League of Nations and its successor the United Nations were created as international organizations with a vested interest in maintaining the peace, preventing war, creating a mechanism or set of mechanisms for international cooperation and diplomacy and otherwise serving as trustees of ... "
Abstract This paper explains that it is difficult to determine whether the Iraq War has been beneficial or detrimental to the U.S. economy in particular and the global economy overall. The author points out that the bias of the periodicals covering this topic tends to reduce the ability to effectively explore these issues, for the debate tends to be charged in favor of the bias held by the periodical. This paper demonstrates this bias in exploring the economic outcome of the Iraq War as presented in conservative and liberal publications.
From the Paper "The characterization of whether the Iraq War is a moral or an immoral war tends to correspond to whether the publication reporting on it reflects party-line values. The Iraq War has been roundly criticized for its role in the dissolution of security within Iraq, and the increasing lack of security within the Middle East and within countries with corresponding Muslim and Arabic beliefs. In attempting to rebuild Iraq following the official close of the war, and also in attempting to promote security within Iraq and within the surrounding countries, the ability to profit from reconstruction in Iraq has characterized much of the debate over the moral status of the Iraq War. It is difficult to determine whether the War has been beneficial or detrimental to the U.S. economy in particular, as well as the global economy overall."
Abstract This paper addresses the value of international institutions towards maintaining peace, international security and inter-state cooperation. The author examines the role that the United States plays in this new world order as the undisputed hegemon of the day. The paper explains the role of the European Union and the difficulties that exist in establishing international security and peace.
Abstract This article examines the cultural, commercial, political and environmental effects of globalization. The writer then looks at the related challenges and dangers. The writer discusses how the existence of international monopolies together with the third world sweat shops and additional factors endanger global survival. The writer further discusses that globalization's exportation of environmentally and perhaps socially unsustainable Western materialism to populous developing nations such as India and China is also worrying for the future of the planet.
From the Paper "Evidence of increasing hegemony by an ever shrinking number of multinational conglomerates is fuelling increasing concern regarding global cultural, commercial, political and environmental effects from such inequitable distribution of power. The creation of international industrial monopolies and massive fortunes of unprecedented size, accompanied as it is by equally massive down-sizing, unemployment, environmental degradation and the exponential increase of Third World sweat shops and child labor, seems to be leading to disaster on a global scale."
Abstract This paper examines the War Powers Act of 1973, which was passed by Congress in response to the massive deployment of American troops to Vietnam in the nineteen-sixties. This deployment had begun in 1965 in the aftermath of the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution and had continued to escalate for four years. The paper shows that by 1969, more than five-hundred-thousand American soldiers were fighting in Southeast Asia and U.S. military commanders were demanding the deployment of two-hundred thousand additional troops.
Abstract This paper examines the origins of the First World War, which can be traced to a number of political and diplomatic causes, such as militarism, imperialism, and European great power rivalry. The paper also discusses the views of most historians who agree that entangling alliances among the great powers of Europe were the most important factor.
From the Paper "Introduction to History of International Relations The Origins of World War I: The origins of the First World War can be traced to a number of political and diplomatic causes, such as militarism, imperialism, and European great power rivalry. These factors all helped to cause the war, but most historians agree that entangling alliances among the great powers of Europe were the most important factor. These alliances were intended to be defensive and were seen as a way to prevent a major European war, but ironically, they contributed to the outbreak of the war instead of preventing it. (Hamilton 551)"
Abstract This paper examines how the role of NATO has changed since the end of the Cold War. The paper tells us that, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, one might have expected that NATO would quietly fade into the background of world affairs, joining the legion of other defunct political institutions. However, this was not how the 1990s played out. Instead, NATO was expanded and given new life through new expansionist policies meant to secure peace and stability throughout non-NATO Europe. The paper goes on to suggest that this transformation, however, has not secured peace but instead serves only to extend and reinforce Western, particularly U.S., interests in Central and Eastern Europe.
From the Paper "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has survived an unimaginable turn of events, from an institutional standpoint. NATO was designed to give the United States and Western Europe a collective defensive front against Soviet aggression, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. NATO was a foil to the Soviet Warsaw Pact and existed as such predominantly throughout the Cold War. Its raison d'etre was to provide mutual defense for its member nations. "
