Abstract
In this paper it is argued that the origins of the Cold War remain the subject of historical controversy. This paper critically examines how the Cold War began and the question of who started it. This paper argues the thesis that the question of who started the Cold War is irrelevant and that it was an inevitable outcome of the geo-political arrangement of the world in the 20th century. This essay also evaluates the two competing historical points of view on the Cold War: the so-called "orthodox" and "revisionist" schools.

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A paper that examines logic of the reasons given by the Bush Administration for going to war with Iraq and the real reasons underneath them.

Abstract
Michael S. Sherry is a professor of history at Northwestern University. His research and writing focuses on the role played by military force and strategy in American foreign policy. His book, "The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon" won the 1988 Bancroft Prize in American history.

Abstract
The Central American country of Guatemala has benefited from its relationship with the United States through U.S. contributions to the development of its farming communities and transportation facilities, its dependency on U.S. markets for its exports, and U.S. investments and aid. It has also suffered from CIA involvement in a 1954 Guatemalan coup that preceded decades of military rule and human rights atrocities. This paper traces the relationship of the U.S. and Guatemala, specifically, the economic contributions of the United Fruit Company and how its land interests in Guatemala helped trigger U.S. involvement in the overthrow of the government.

Tags: guatemala, relationship, usa

Abstract
The primary question that this paper will address is 'why did the US go to war against Iraq?'. As will be shown, different perspectives offer clearly different answers. In the final analysis, consistent with tradition, realism seems to hold the most solid answer. However, unlike previous instances of armed aggression, pluralism and globalism played surprisingly important roles. In particular, the international media contributed significantly to the outcome of the war. Given this finding, the secondary question that will be approached is whether or not we can expect pluralism and globalism to play more important roles in international relations in the future.

Tags: POLITICAL SCIENCE / INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, globalism international relations

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This paper focuses on the relinquishing of sovereignty that nations comply with when they become members of the European Union. This paper explains the EU and some of the issues it deals with currently. The author stresses reasons other nations have decided not to join.

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This paper discusses the Cold War - a period of approximately 45 years, from 1945 to 1990 - in which the United States and Soviet Union waged an intense ideological conflict that at times threatened to escalate into all-out nuclear war. Discussed will be the start of the Cold War and events it contained between the years 1945 and 1962.

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This paper discusses American nuclear strategy during the Cold War; compares the strengths and weaknesses of the massive retaliation strategy and the flexible response, counterforce strategy; analyzes the reasons for these approaches, and provides historical examples to support the contentions made.

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This paper examines the stunning Tet Offensive of 1968 and discusses why it had such a profound impact upon the outcome of the Vietnam War.

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This paper discusses the necessary elements for an effective U.S. policy stance on nuclear arms and nuclear proliferation control. It examines both political policy and military options necessary to counter nuclear program advancements in hostile countries.

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The topic of this paper is the ill-fated Bay of Pigs Invasion during the Kennedy administration. The author discusses how America's foreign policy of the 1950s and 60s dictated that it prevent Cuba from falling into Soviet hands. The author also discusses how the invasion plan was rushed and put together by the secretive CIA with very little intelligence gathering. The CIA was also able to deceive the President by into thinking the invasion was necessary.

Tags: bay, of, pigs

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A paper on the modern day conflict between India and Pakistan and its historical background with a tentative solution suggested.

Tags: conflict, india, pakistan

Abstract
In Hong Kong ethics are predicated on a Confucian belief in social order and organization and acceptance of a social hierarchy that determines one's responsibilities and rights. In the United States ethics are based largely on concepts of individual freedom and free will, coupled with a Lockean respect for private property.

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This paper explores the desire on the part of Turkey to join the European Union (EU), the costs and benefits and the possibility of this happening.

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This paper will argue that the United States should not participate in U.N. peacekeeping efforts. This stems from two basic realities: First, that the U.S. has not fully supported the U.N. as a whole and often takes lead action itself in conflict resolution; and second, that peacekeeping itself is a questionable and highly controversial pursuit. Unless the U.S. makes a far deeper commitment to the U.N. and a full spectrum of its activities, there is no rational justification for participating in peacekeeping efforts.