Abstract This essay deals with the topic of terrorism, with focus on the events which occurred on September 11th. The author looks at topics such as the United States' role in the war on terror, the Palestinian perspectives as well as the impacts of such terror on the world. Includes various world leaders' viewpoints on the terror attacks.
From the Paper "Terrorism is a topic that has many different viewpoints. One group's actions can be considered a terrorist act to some while others perceive it as a fight for freedom. Terrorism has become a major world issue that has affected all nations in light of the September 11 attacks. To deal with such a broad issue, many opinions must be heard in order to have any chance at resolving the problems that terrorism causes us to face. This report investigates the different perceptions and views that world leaders, ordinary citizens, as well as the various militant groups have on this controversial subject. "
Abstract This paper examines the terrorist attack of September 11th against the US and how the war taken against terrorism differs from previous engagements.
From the Paper "Since the September 11 terrorist bombing of the Pentagon and World Trade Center buildings, many people have given their support for a "war" on terrorism. Though it has brought our country and its people together, opinions differ when an offensive assault is mentioned. Some people believe it is possible to conclude this war through peace talks. Others may believe differently, and think war is exactly what this country needs."
Abstract This paper discusses the struggling relationship between India and Pakistan, primarily over the region of Kashmir. It details the history of the problem including the nuclear aspect, briefly discusses other possible solutions, and formulates a unique multi-faceted solution.
From the Paper "Ever since 1947, India and Pakistan have waged fierce war over a variety of issues. When India completed nuclear testing in May of 1998, and Pakistan shortly after, the issue was given unique attention. "Because it's spread alongside India, Pakistan has a lack of strategic depth. The danger is that this means that any war would rapidly lead to the possibility of nuclear escalation. As a result, the task of avoiding conventional warfare between the neighbors assumes increased importance (Swarts 10)." Strain between the two States is the effect of a diverse range of problems, including economic conditions, leadership clashes, and primarily religious diversity and territorial contention. The territorial dissension is based principally over the region of Kashmir, which both India and Pakistan claim full possession of. There are allegations that as many as one half of a million Indian troops and as many as a fourth of a million Pakistani troops are stationed in Kashmir. What can be done to prevent a nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan? This is a question that has absorbed more unbroken attention than almost any other news subject."
Tags: conflict, india, kashmir, pakistan, war, nuclear, energy, history, tribal, ethnic, border
This paper analyzes the impact of 'globalization' on labor conditions in third world countries in reference to the work of the World Bank, the International Labor Organization and 'anti-sweatshop' campaigners.
Abstract This paper examines how global economic forces enable sections of third world society to be more easily exploited. It investigates how the first world does not play on a level playing field by using the Multi-Fibre Agreement. The views of protesters, the World Bank, and others are reviewed. The paper ends by touching upon future developments, such as the impact of China becoming a full member of the World Trade Organization.
From the Paper "During the past three decades, remarkable internationalisation of the world economy has taken place. This process has become known as globalisation. Globalisation can be defined as "The increasing integration of national economies into expanding international markets" (Todaro: 1997). Neo-liberal authors and institutions, such as the IMF, state that globalisation is driven by four main factors; free market ideology; technological breakthroughs in communication; the shifting of economic activity to the developing world; and the opening up of previously closed borders. These factors of globalisation have inevitably led to changes in conditions of labour in third world employment. Here we will look at what the changes have been. We will then examine the views taken on these conditions by 'anti-sweatshop' campaigners, and the response of the International Labour Organisation and the World Bank."
Abstract This paper argues that the Americans provoked the Mexican-American War of 1846 - 1848. The writer details the events leading to the war and then explains why it was the fault of the Americans that the war took place. It examines the impact of the war on the Mexican citizens and the effects of relationships between the two countries until today.
From the Paper "Throughout the history of the nation we have weathered many storms. This latest round with Afghanistan is just one more. In most cases we do not start wars. We are content to live in peace and just oversee the way things go around the globe, however there have been exceptions and the Mexican American War was one of them. While both sides were at fault in that war it was the American side that started the process, which built on both sides until it finally cumulated in a war."
Tags: war, american, mexico, Texas, Rio, Grande, independance
Abstract The paper describes the measures that have been taken in order to secure the lives of Americans in the new reality of world terrorism. The paper describes the USA Patriot Act signed by President George Bush and discusses its problems and flaws. The paper offers further recommendations as to how to prevent future terrorist attacks.
From the Paper "On September 11, 2001, America was changed forever. From out of the ruins of the World Trade Center, and over the unmarked graves of nearly three thousand innocent people, a new world took shape. It was a world in which the citizens of the United Sates found themselves suddenly vulnerable to the murderous plots of a handful of fanatics. A trip to the mall, a drive over a bridge, a meeting at the office: an everyday event could spell disaster. Americans were discovering for the first time what so many around the globe had known for years, that the scenes of daily life could become the settings of terror. "
Abstract This paper compares the values of free trade to managed trade. It begins by defining trade and identifying the ideal trade. The paper argues that free trade is the best policy to increase prosperity and equality in a capitalist society. It describes managed trade as the current situation, as tariffs and trade policy try to create fair grounds for commerce between two nations, as seen through the example of Japan and the United States. The writer states that protectionist policies, as used in managed trade, have been the anthem of the past and have led to war and conflict.
From the Paper "Trade is the exchange of goods and services between two countries. In order for trade to be successful, both sides must perceive that they benefit from the exchange, or the trade will not take place. In a perfect world, both parties go away from the trade happy that they have ridded themselves of something of which they have surplus, and gained something of value to them. However, in the real world, this does not happen all of the time and one party or the other walks away feeling ?cheated.?
Tags: world, trade, organization, wto, globalization, capitalism, capitalist, policy, global, economy, equality, tariff, japan, usa, united, states
An argument in support of the United States refraining from attacking Iraq, because it would cause tremendous human suffering and serious harm to American interests throughout the world.
Abstract The paper argues for the United States to act in concert with other nations in containing the Iraqi dictator. It provides a history of the United Nations endorsed 1990 Gulf War. The author describes how the U.S. interest in Iraq is its oil and weapons of mass destruction. The author of the paper expresses fear that a unilateral U.S. war on Iraq would cause terrorism and anti-American sentiment worldwide.
From the Paper "In 1991, the United States, with the endorsement of the United Nations Security Council, launched an offensive against Iraq shortly after the latter invaded Kuwait. The war's aims, according then president George Bush, were the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, stabilization of the Gulf, and protection of Americans in Kuwait. (Ambrose & Brinkley) Two major reasons for the war not mentioned by Bush, it is widely acknowledged, were the protection of American oil interests in the region and the disarmament of Iraq's nuclear weapons program. After few days of bombings Iraq surrendered and withdrew its forces from Kuwait, thereby realizing the stated objectives of the war. As the war ended, and throughout the 1990?s, the UN, under American leadership, enforced various sanctions on Iraq with the hope of preventing Hussein's regime from obtaining biological and nuclear weapons. Nowadays, particularly after Hussein expelled international arms inspectors from Iraq in 1998, and even more so after the relative success of the war in Afghanistan, many Americans are convinced that the US, with or without international backing, should invade Iraq with the goal of removing Hussein and inserting a regime that will be favorable to American interests. While reasonable arguments are being made about the dangers emanating from the Iraqi regime, the unilateralist military overthrow of the Iraqi government is likely to have negative ramifications on both American and universal interests for many years to come."
Abstract This first half of this paper gives an in-depth background of the events that occurred leading up to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Specific issues discussed include Japan's preparation for the attack and whether the United States knew the attack was imminent. The second half of the paper analyzes Japan's reasons for bombing Pearl Harbor. Several possible theories are discussed using common political science theories.
Tags: ii, japan, war, world, policy, second, world, war, military, operation
Abstract An analysis of the developments that lead the U.S. to become involved in the Persian Gulf conflict. The author discusses aspects such as image, economics, priorities and interests of the U.S. that lead her to become involved.
From the Paper "On August 8, 1990, President George Bush announced that he had sent American troops to Saudi Arabia to protect it during Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. This was the beginning of U.S. military involvement in the Persian Gulf Conflict, which had started with Saddam Hussein's decision to invade only a week earlier. What made Bush decide to get involved so quickly? What did he stand to lose, and what did he expect to gain? Given a thorough understanding of the United States? priorities and relationships with other countries in the Middle East, the answers to these questions are easy to find."
Abstract This paper examines the new monetary unit in Europe, the euro. The author looks at the groundwork that led up to creating a common monetary system, the methods of circulation, the coins' designs and denominations, and the problems that may arise from the system.
From the Paper "On January 1, 2002 over 300 million European citizens saw the Euro transform from a virtual currency into reality. Twelve countries ended their use of individual currency and joined forces in creating a uniform monetary system. These twelve countries are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Britain, Sweden and Denmark choose not to switch to the Euro. The creation and implementation of the Euro was a long and tedious process that began in 1958 with the Treaty of Rome. The objective of this treaty was to create a common European market, which would benefit the regional economy by bringing these countries closer together economically."
Tags: coins, currency, money, exchange, silver, uniform, nickel, market, system
Abstract This paper examines the possibility that President Kennedy had advanced knowledge of Soviet intentions to place missiles in Cuba, but did not or could not prevent it, and instead used the peaceful settlement of the crisis as a means of moving toward detente.
From the Paper:
"The Cuban Missile Crisis was precipitated by Soviet desires to overcome the strategic superiority that the United States had developed in order to continue an aggressive global foreign policy. President Kennedy then allowed the crisis to develop so that it could be used as a stepping stone toward detente and the new world order."
Tags: jfk, soviet, union, khrushchev, military, cold, war, castro, fulbright
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of the Irish Republican Army. The writer presents a history of the I.R.A. and an overview of its political and social structure. The writer looks at how events in world history, beginning in 1790, with the organization's inception in order to see how world events would influence the path that the I.R.A. would follow. The writer also looks at the support or lack of support the organization receives from the world community.
From the Paper "This show of compromise by the Irish Republican Army has re-established the lines of communication with the United States and President Bush has given his support to IRA and applauded its effort to move the disarmament along to resolve the issues. This disarmament is being done to comply with the 1998 Good Friday agreement between Britain and the Irish Republican Army (Are, 2001). Other nations around the world have also shown recent support for the IRA. In years past there was little support form the rest of the world with some exceptions. One of those exceptions is Libya."
Abstract This paper begins by providing a summary of the mission statement of the WTO and identifies stakeholders and their respective positions regarding the organization's future evolution. It discusses the charge that has been made that the WTO enables multinational corporations to be intrusive to certain segments of societies. It evaluates whether the charge is valid and looks at the future prospects of the WTO.
From the Paper "What is the World Trade Organization? This multi-national group has more than 140 members, which account for over 97% of world trade. At this time, there are about 30 others discussing membership. The entire membership makes decisions, most usually by consensus. The WTO can use majority voting, but majority voting has never been used in the WTO, and was "extremely rare under the WTO's predecessor, GATT" (WTO.org). The main office is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and there are no branch offices. About 550 people work for the organization, including a director-general, who heads the organization. The mission statement of the WTO is complex and varied."
Abstract Competing claims over Kashmir by India and Pakistan are the key sources of the conflicts. The claims and the consequences are the result of some historical events, but also of opposing ideologies of India and Pakistan. Responses associated with the claims from both sides have engendered political extremism in Kashmir. Past policies of the U.S. and China toward the region, on the other hand, have instigated armed conflicts and contributed to the extremism.
