Abstract This paper presents a discussion about the forty-year old Cuban Trade Embargo. The writer details the reasons the United States cannot eliminate the embargo and provides a foundation of understanding as to why this is the best move at this point in history. It shows that lifting the embargo would allow Castro to demonstrate to the world that the U.S .embargo tactics only worked if the recipients allowed them to work.
From the Paper "Critics have argued that the embargo does not force or appear to make Cuba comply while it does in fact make life difficult for the Cuban residents. Those who want the embargo lifted believe it is making a bad situation worse for those who live there. The detractors of the embargo also site the fact that the United States still has relations with other nations that have political prisoners and prevent elections and free speech. Those nations include Saudi Arabia and China among others."
Abstract This paper discusses the works of two prominent historians, Bernard Lewis and Edward Said and analyzes their views of the Middle East and its connection to the West. The paper provides a review of the history of these two regions and explains that in order to understand the complexities of the current relations between East and West, it is imperative to understand their historical relations.
From the Paper "Wars broke out, lives were lost trust was shattered and so was the form of peace that is to date visualized as a dream unachieved. The answer to these wars was meted out as dialogue broke through; both parties considered their sides or silently lamented the loss. Soon man decided to not only provoke the enemy with weapons and on-field battle but also to hinder the other party's performance diplomatically, politically and strategically; mind power was the name of the game. This not only involved the military at war but also brought at stake the patience and peace of the nation defended and this was the concept, the victim and target of wars that broke out not on fields but in other modes."
Tags: history, islam, arab, usa, israel, palestine, saddam, iraq, kuwait, peace, egypt, jordan, syria, iran, afghanistan, bin-laden, Taliban
Abstract This paper deals with the issue of international relations within the framework of relations between states, by contrasting the Neo-realist concept of system of states with the British School's society of states . It also looks into the possibility of an international society within an international system.
From the Paper "Waltz, a proponent of Neo-realism, highlights the anarchical nature of international system whereby no central supranational authority exists. States relate to each other within this system . According to Bull, the international system of states refers to the presence of sufficient contact between the states. Their relations are reciprocal and thus causing them to act as parts of a whole. The relations may be direct or indirect, peaceful or hostile . To this extent, the two schools come to an agreement on the nature of the international system."
Tags: english, international, neo, realism, relations, school, theory
Abstract A discussion of the important events of The Cold War and issues that still impact American foreign and domestic policy today. The author looks at how although The Cold War may be over officially, the repercussions are still felt throughout the world and many policies have not changed. The author shows how problems still occur for countries such as North and South Korea, Taiwan and Cuba. It may be decades before the aftermath of the Cold War is no longer felt regarding U.S. foreign policies.
From the Paper "The end of World War II saw the rise of two dominating nations, the communist Soviet Union with one of the most powerful armies in the world, and the United States, great power of the western nations and the world's economic leader. After the fall of Nazi Germany, both nations vied for what was considered the grand prize of Central Europe, Berlin. This was the beginning of tensions as the Soviets? desire for nuclear knowledge and world domination did not mix well with the United States? democratic society (Cold War pg). In 1949, tensions between the two countries climbed when the Soviets detonated their first atomic bomb. Both super powers now had atomic weapons and both despised one another. This was the beginning of the Cold War, called thus because the confrontation was not actual full combat, fearing nuclear annihilation."
Abstract This essay examines the regional causes for the Persian Gulf War between Kuwait and Iraq. It describes the history of Kuwait, and the alliance between Kuwait and Iraq during the Iran/Iraq War. The paper explains the reasons for the Persian Gulf War: The unending border argument, the quarrel over the oil deposited on that border, and the weakening of the relationship between Iraq and Kuwait after the Iran/Iraq War.
From the Paper "From August 2, 1990 until February 26, 1991 Iraq and Kuwait fought in the Persian Gulf War. The two countries disagreed on many issues and causes. The causes of the Persian Gulf War between Iraq and Kuwait were the two countries' continuing boundary dispute, their feud over the oil deposited on the ill-defined border, and the continuing deterioration of the relationship between Iraq and Kuwait after the fallout of the previous Gulf War between Iraq and Iran."
Abstract This paper analyzes the importance of reforms in the machinery of UN peace and security operations in ensuring that future humanitarian interventions are both legitimate and successful. The paper argues that the success and legitimacy of HI are inextricably related. On the one hand, legitimacy is important if success is to be attained. On the other, legitimacy of HI will be undermined if the success is minimal. The paper claims that since UN machinery has defects in both terms, reforms are very important to increase the likelihood of successful and legitimate HI.
From the Paper "Humanitarian intervention (HI), which increasingly involves the use of arms for humanitarian claims, is undoubtedly one of today's important international relations (IR) discourses. Being an infant IR practice, HI is still being questioned for its legitimacy and success in relation to its claims. HI operations by the United Nations (UN) in Somalia and Bosnia have been considered unsuccessful, while in Kosovo, it has lacked international legitimacy mainly in the absence of UN authorisation. In those cases, the machinery of UN has been named as one significant cause. Therefore this essay will look into this supposition as to how important are reforms in the machinery of UN peace and security operations in ensuring that future humanitarian interventions are both legitimate and successful?"
Tags: council, operations, peacekeeping, rights, security, international
Abstract The paper discusses the case of Jose Padilla, arrested on May 8, 2002 because it was believed that he was conspiring with Al Qaeda Terrorist to detonate a radioactive "dirty bomb" within the U.S. The paper shows that Padilla's arrest and subsequent imprisonment has been the subject of an on-going legal debate and at the present time Padilla is being held as an enemy combatant, which means that he is subject to Military Tribunal instead of the civil court system and can be held without being charged until the War On Terrorism is over. The essay discusses both sides of this legal debate and determines which viewpoint is the most constitutional and credible.
From the Paper "Many legal experts believe that the U.S. does not have grounds to hold him as an enemy combatant. They contend that his imprisonment is unconstitutional because he is being held even though he has not been charged with a crime. Padilla's lawyer believes that he is in custody based on information that is circumstantial and that he should be released. They also believe that his detainment is based on the idea that he may be able to provide investigators with important information about forthcoming terrorist attacks on the country."
Tags: Attorney, General, John, Ashcroft, Quirin, Posse, Comitatus, Act
Abstract This paper considers how Hollywood and the entire movie industry were affected by the "Red Scare" i.e. communist paranoia from 1947-1954. It looks at how screenwriters, directors and actors were blacklisted for no reason and how some of these people did not work in Hollywood for over a decade as a result. It examines how fear swept through tinsel town and how many jobs, as well as friendships were lost. It also looks at how the film industry grew as many Hollywood studio executives defended themselves by producing a slew of anti-Communist movies.
From the Paper "The House of Un-American Activities Committee, HUAC, had existed in the 1920's and 1930's during the first Red Scare in American history, but had faded away during World War II. It had not been held in very high regard and really had not had much affect (Red pg). However, in 1947, under the leadership of Representative Parnell Thomas, R-NJ, the HUAC was brought back to life with three definite goals. First, the HUAC was determined to prove that the Screen Writers? Guild had been heavily infiltrated by Communists. Second, it intended to prove that the writers could and would insert subversive Communist propaganda into movies. And third, it aimed to show that during World War II, Hollywood had purposely produced pro-Soviet films (Red pg)."
Tags: cold, war, america, mccarthyism, tinsel, town
Abstract This paper describes the dangers of Anthrax as a weapon in chemical / biological warfare. The paper outlines different types of Anthrax and discusses the long term effects it could have in a war of bioterroism. The writer explains the different ways Anthrax enters and affects the body. The writer provides a brief history on bioterrorism and concludes the paper with assurances that bills have been passed allowing the U.S. government to spend billions on anti-bioterrorism.
From the Paper "Bioterrorism is known to have been in effect as early as 6th century B. C. when the Assyrians attempted to poison the wells of their enemies using a substance known as "rye ergot" (History of Bioterrorism, PG, 2002). Throughout the years bioterrorism has been a constant threat, as armies have been known to hurl the bodies of diseased soldiers into enemy camps. Feces and even infected fleas have been used to spread plague and malaria into enemy quarters. As early as 1763 Native Americans were given blankets and cloths that had been infected with smallpox (History of Bioterrorism, PG, 2002)."
Tags: biological, cutaneous, deadly, gastrointestinal, inhalational, terrorists, widespread, warfare, terror
From the Paper "This research paper analyzes at different levels the origins, management and resolution, and consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. A careful study of all the material on that crisis which is now available suggests that no single level of analysis is adequate to explain the crisis. The thesis of this paper is: (1) while the immediate cause of the crisis was the Soviet decision to deploy secretly in Cuba medium range and intermediate range ballistic missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs, respectively), which produced a dangerous confrontation between the world's nuclear superpowers, misconceptions, misunderstandings and mistakes by both sides helped bring about the crisis and magnified its intensity; (2) although responsible statesmanship on both sides enabled them eventually to resolve..."
Contends 1989 was a watershed year in international relations with the end of Cold War. Offers cultural & political theories incl. Postmodernism, liberalism & realism to help understand new (post Cold War) international acts.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 47.95
From the Paper "International Crises
Many theorists in the field of international relations maintain that 1989 was a watershed year. In fact, they argue that 1989 stands out as "a dramatic divide in contemporary history, in some respects comparable to the French Revolution two hundred years earlier" (Simensen, 1999, p. 391). Thus, Jarle Simensen asserts that the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, the end of the Cold War, and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union inaugurated a new era in international relations (Simensen, 1999, p. p. 3). The significance of the Cold War to the development of international relations cannot be overstated. In fact, Simensen notes that international relations as a subdiscipline of political science developed during the Cold War (1999, p. 395). On the other hand, the Persian Gulf War demonstrates that no .."
From the Paper "This research paper explains what is meant by the end of the Cold War and how and why it ended. The end of the Cold War encompasses a combination of events, the most important of which was the cessation of the confrontation and competition of the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, and their allies, including nuclear disarmament, the withdrawal of Soviet military powerfrom Central Europe, the toppling of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the breakup of the Soviet empire and the collapse of the Soviet communist government and economic system. Many internal and external factors contributed to this result, but the most important were the internal centrifugal forces unleashed by the policies of the last Soviet ruler, Mikhail Gorbachev."
From the Paper "The 1960s was a period of ferment in American society and politics, and it was also a period of violence both by disaffected groups within society and by society itself in Vietnam and against various demonstrators in the U.S., from anti-war demonstrators to delegates and news people as well as agitators at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968. The event that most challenged America's view of the era and of itself took place at Kent State University in Ohio on May 4, 1970 as members of the National guard fired on student demonstrators, killing 4 and wounding 9. This was the culmination of a decade of student demonstrations both violent and non-violent. For some, the event was the fault of the students--nothing would have happened had the students been attending to their own business, and in any case the National..."
From the Paper "The Vietnam War was the longest of America's wars, lasting at least eight years from the Tonkin Gulf incident of 1965 to the end of direct US participation in combat in 1973. The bookends of the war extend additional years in each direction; American "advisors" were fighting and dying in Vietnam from the beginning of the 1960s, and the summary image of the war's end is the frantic helicopter evacuation from the roof of the American embassy in Saigon in 1975 (Sheehan, 790).
In between those events, the war in Vietnam cost America nearly seventy thousand soldiers' lives, and approximate half a trillion dollars (in present-day value). It helped to lauch the inflationary spiral that dominated the economy of the 1970s and early 1980s; an inflation which requires us to make the specification of "present-day value" above, and which still..."
From the Paper "The debate over the production of nuclear weapons began with the announcement of the dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The power of the weapon and the devastation it wrought frightened many Americans, not for the least reason because they considered what would happen if the weapon were turned on them, but also out of a humanitarian concern for the horror and death the bomb brought to Japan. The arguments have continued on both sides ever since, and even today in the post-Cold War era, the issue remains vital because more and more countries are seeking and achieving atomic capability. Nuclear proliferation, or the spread of nuclear weaponry to more and more countries, has long been a fear of the U.S. government, and efforts have been made to control the distribution of nuclear materials. Another worry today is that technology has advanced..."
