Abstract This paper presents a research proposal and the final paper that explores the impact of serotonin, dopamine and GABA on impulsecontroldisorders. The paper emphasizes the interactive nature of these three neural transmitters. The paper provides evidence that chemical imbalances in the brain can significantly disrupt or destroy the basic biological ability to controlimpulsive behaviors. The paper also shows how all research supports the interactive nature of the neuro-chemical basis of behavior.
From the Paper "Literature from leading physician researchers on impulse related behaviors such as aggression, violence or addictive behaviors such as compulsive gambling states a stronger link exists between serotonin deficits and impulse dyscontrol than previously thought. Even fewer studies have studied adults with conduct disorders that are represented in the comprehensive literature review provided in the research paper. Other studies represented seek to demonstrate the effects of serotonin and the link between serotonin and both dopamine and GABA such that when there is a deficit in serotonin, deficits coexist in the other two."
Abstract This paper use attachment theory as a conceptual framework for linking affect Regulation and Impulsecontrol. The paper explains how the theory has been used, the origins of the theory as well as attachment relationship functions. The paper also discusses the adverse consequences of inadequate parent-child attachment.
From the Paper "This theoretical paper presents a focus on the relationship between affect regulation and impulse control, utilizing attachment theory as an explanatory conceptual framework. An introduction to the topic is followed by the origins of attachment theory, attachment relationship functions, insecure attachment defenses, attachment and regulation of affect and impulse attachment, organization and affect regulation attachment, organization and impulse control and summary and conclusions."
Tags: Attachment, Theory, to, Link, Affect, Regulation, and, Impulse, Control
Abstract This paper studies conduct disorders. The research-based paper first explains the disorder, its characteristics and symptoms. Next the paper discusses the process of making a diagnosis. The paper concludes with a detailed discussion of role of impulsecontrol and affect regulation.
From the Paper "This theoretical paper presents theories and research studies related to the topics of impulse control, affect regulation and conduct disorder. The discussion includes the presentation of ..."
Abstract This paper explains that kleptomania is an impulse-controldisorder in which the person has irresistible impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value. The author points out that, because kleptomania appears to be associated more with character or personality issues than with simple depression, combination therapy seems to be the best therapeutic approach. The paper relates that the full impact of kleptomania on stores is not understood because apprehension rates for shoplifting are low and store owners turn over only twenty-four percent of the perpetrators they catch. The paper reports that studies indicate that shoplifting is not confined to specific gender, race, age or social class; however, they are disproportionately young and female.
From the Paper "Various disorders such as mood disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse and impulse control disorder can be linked to kleptomania. In the "American Journal of Psychiatry", August 2003, The article 'Psychopathology and Co-morbidity of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Kleptomania' discusses a study conducted that compared patients with kleptomania, patients with alcohol abuse or dependence, and psychiatric patients without impulse-control disorders or substance-related disorders on several key psychopathological dimensions."
Abstract The paper discusses impulsecontrol as a quality that is, "one of the core features of the self", and the loss of this impulsecontrol as a factor linked to a spectrum of personal and social problems including addictions and substance abuse, crime, domestic violence, teen pregnancy, school failure, debt and bankruptcy, sexually transmitted diseases, smoking and obesity.
Abstract This paper summarizes and reviews an article entitled, "Psychopathology and Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Kleptomania" by Franck Bayle and Herve Caci. The paper explains that the article is about a study that compared patients with kleptomania to patients with alcoholism or dependence and to psychiatric patients with no-impulse-controldisorders.
From the Paper "In closing, implusitivity remains the major psychopathological feature of kleptomania. People with kleptomania share serious psychopathology and have a very low rate of co-morbid substance related disorders. The information process and the psychopathology underlying impulsitivity may be gained from studies involving them."
Abstract This paper explores what psychologists call compulsive sexual behavior. Although this disorder is classified in the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders), therapists and researchers question whether moral judgments may influence a diagnosis. The paper further describes the major categories of compulsive sexual behavior. Finally, the paper concludes that there is disagreement as to whether CSB is an addiction, a psychosexual developmental disorder, an impulsecontroldisorder, a mood disorder, or an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
From the Paper "According to Vukadinovic, literature on sexual compulsivity and sexual addiction has been preoccupied with issues of definition, especially as it pertains to DSM-IV (Vukadinovic). Moreover, there has been little attention given to the possible causal explanations for why, in some cases, sexual behavior become problematic (Vukadinovic). Most researchers make statements about likely mechanisms, such as anxiety reduction or mood regulation, however there are usually based on clinical impression rather than on reported data (Vukadinovic).
Researchers are now giving more attention to the fact that out of control sexual behavior can be reduced with mood elevating drugs such as the SSRIs, but as yet, no one knows the extent to which such pharmacological benefits, when they occur, result from improvement in mood or specific inhibition of sexual repsonse or both (Vukadinovic)."
Abstract Reactive attachment disorder is a disorder that impacts the child's ability to bond with human beings. The writer of this paper examines the disorder from a biological approach and discusses the many things that are impacted by the disorder during the growing up period.
From the Paper "Poor impulse control and learning difficulties are common symptoms of reactive attachment disorder, and are biologically based(Radford, 2003).
As the children enter their teen years and puberty begins there is often a surge in problems. The violence can increase and as the child becomes physically larger and stronger, the danger to those around them increases. In addition the children are often placed into institutions or new foster homes because they become so out of control and dangerous. This perpetuates the mistrust and fear of rejection that they learned as younger kids."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that ADHD is a diagnosis applied to children and adults who consistently display certain characteristic behaviors over a period of time. The writer points out that the most common behaviors fall into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. However, not everyone who is overly hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive has an attention disorder. The writer discusses that to assess whether a person has ADHD, specialists consider whether these behaviors are excessive, long-term, and pervasive. The writer also discusses that there are medications used to treat the symptoms of ADHD. The writer maintains that for lasting improvement, however, numerous clinicians believe that the most significant, long-lasting gains appear when medication is combined with behavioral therapy, emotional counseling, dietary control, and practical support.
Outline:
Abstract
What are the symptoms of ADHD?
Assessing ADHD
Can other disorders accompany ADHD?
What causes ADHD?
Treatment Options
From the Paper "Also, ADHD shares many symptoms and some common genetic basis with bipolar illness, so the two can be difficult to distinguish. This is especially the case for children under the age of ten, since there is more symptom overlap in that age group. Children with ADHD and bipolar illness are probably often mistaken for each other. In both disorders, the child may be irritable, hyperactive, impulsive, and distractible. The diagnosis is complicated by the fact that children can and often do suffer from both ADHD and bipolar disorder. Some researchers have suggested the symptoms of ADHD and bipolar illness overlap because they are not two separate disorders, but, rather, somewhat different manifestations of the same underlying disease process. ADHD is four to seven times more common in boys than in girls. Bipolar illness affects equal numbers of boys and girls."
Abstract This paper discusses how anorexia and bulimia are eating disorders that affect millions of females, especially those who have just experienced puberty. Using celebrity idols as models for what they believe to be an acceptable physical appearance these females begin to desire to loose weight. The paper further discusses how the issue begins to become serious when the females cannot seem to stop dieting. As the dieting continues the individuals are consumed with the thought of gaining weight and of ideas relating to their physical appearance. The paper goes on to discuss how often the individual will purge food, or diet severely in order to continue to lose weight. The individual with anorexia also will contend that her shape is much larger than it is in reality, and females past the age of puberty will cease to have at least three menstrual cycles. In bulimia the individual will not be as aware of body shape as she is of body weight.
From the Paper "Pathological Internet Use or Internet Addiction is a type of impulse control disorder (Holliday 10). Psychologists put it under this category because the effects of chemicals produced in the brain during Internet use haven?t been properly documented. The addiction is similar to an obsessive compulsive disorder and is also often compared to alcoholism. ?An estimated five to ten percent of people who use the Internet can be classified as having a problem".
Abstract The paper discusses many points of similarity between these two disorders: borderline personality disorder (BPD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The paper explains that they both have an emphasis on attachment and both BPD and OCD sufferers are in constant need of feedback and reassurance and are characterized by social ineptitude and self-involvement. The paper emphasizes that the distinct classification of these disorders means that that there are obviously various different identifying symptoms and diagnostic criteria of each disorder.
Outline:
Introduction
BPD
OCD
Comparison
From the Paper "One of the most troubling and complex personality disorders is Borderline Personality Disorder or BPD. Borderline Personality Disorder is defined as "... a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotional adjustments, and marked impulsivity demonstrated in a variety of contexts" (UNDERSTANDING BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVENESS). Another disorder which has been compared to BPD in some respects is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD. In simplistic and general terms an individual with OCD is described as someone who experiences "... illogical and irresistible thoughts or impulses that they consider absurd and attempt to resist."
Abstract This paper summarizes and critically analyzes three studies that focus on bipolar disorder and how strongly it correlates with both attempted and completed suicide. The first study, "A Comparison of the Medical Lethality of Suicide Attempts in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders" examines two diagnostic groups to determine whether individuals with bipolar disorder have higher rates of lethality in their suicide attempts than individuals with major depressive disorder. The second study, "Heterogeneity of the Risk of Suicidal Behavior in Bipolar-Spectrum," explores the connection between one's genetic makeup and his or her vulnerability to suicide and bipolar disorder. The third study, "Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Attempted Suicide Among Patients with Bipolar Disorder," examined common risk factors associated with suicide attempts. The rest of the paper discusses the purposes, hypotheses, assumptions, reasoning, alternate explanations, and trends in the studies. Lastly, the paper discusses the consequences that result from abnormal behavior from bipolar disorder.
From the Paper "For this study, researchers gathered a total of 307 individuals who had already been diagnosed with a mood disorder, which was a criterion one needed to meet in order to be included in this particular study. Sixty-six subjects had bipolar disorder I, 36 had bipolar disorder II, 2 had non-specified bipolar disorder and 203 had major depressive disorder. The second criterion that had to be met by all the subjects was that they had to have at least one previous suicide attempt in their medical/psychological history. Two diagnostic groups were formed from the total number of subjects, based on each person's diagnosis. Those with major depressive disorder made up one group while those with bipolar disorder made up the other. Each subject was then interviewed by a clinical psychologist or psychiatric nurse. In addition, they were each administered several assessments they were required to complete. These assessments included the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Brown-Goodwin Aggression Inventory (BG), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and Beck's Medical Lethality Scale (BMLS)."
Abstract Analysis of the developmental disorder, also known as hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). Occurrence. Characteristics. Possible causes (heredity, imbalance of neurotransmitters, allergic reactions to certain foods and additives). Symptoms of inattention. Factors needed for a clinical diagnosis. Impulsivity. Epidemiologic studies. Behavioral, emotional and learning problems. Treatment of ADHD children, including medication, psychotherapy and alternartive treatments.
From the Paper "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been found to occur in three to five percent of children, with the majority of affected individuals being male (Schmitt, 2000). ADHD is defined by Ford-Martin (1999) as a developmental disorder characterized by distractability, hyperactivity, impulsive behaviors, and the inability to remain focused on tasks or activities. Known outside of the United States as hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), the disorder is difficult to assess in infancy and toddlerhood, but signs begin to appear as early as age two or three.
The causes of ADHD are as yet unknown, but Ford-Martin (1999) suggests that heredity is likely to play a major role in the development of the disorder. Research indicates that children with an ADHD parent or sibling are more likely to..."
Abstract This paper introduces the common childhood disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and discusses the signs, symptoms, affects and treatments of the disorder.
From the Paper "Children with ADHD face a dual situation. They must face the fact that they have a disorder and be open to trying treatments that are often controversial. The drugs used to treat it have come under fire for many years and parents are often searching for natural treatments that will work. This discovery about massage helping the ADHD participants stay on task hints at future holistic success in treating the disorder."
