Abstract This paper integrates several Civil War topics, including the power dynamics of oligarchies in the antebellum South, the authorship and diffusion of pro-slavery ideology, the development and implications of the plantation slavery economy, and an analysis of different explanations for the collapse of the Confederacy, into the thesis that the South's lack of pragmatism and adaptability brought about its defeat. The writer dissects the discourse of James Henry Hammond and John C. Calhoun and presents pro-slavery ideology as a fundamentally conservative reaction to early capitalism that diffused from a planter elite to the Southern masses through the conflation of the Southern identity with the institution of slavery. The industrial and technological stagnation, aristocratic trends, and dependent nature of the Southern economy are weighed as cogent factors in the failure of Confederate resources. The writer explains, using cognitive dissonance theory, how the conflicting elements of Confederate nationalism, such as scriptural fundamentalism, states' rights theory, and pro-slavery discourse, failed to successfully coexist with the reality of slavery and led to problems with strategy, conscription, enlistment, and solidarity.
Paper Outline
I. Introduction
II. Reactionary, Principled Ideology III. Socioeconomic Maladjustment
IV. Confederate Defeat by Tradition and Ideology V. Conclusion
From the Paper "James Henry Hammond, editor of The Southern Times, defended the right to property through scriptural fundamentalism and carried slavery above human criticism by declaring it a biblically sanctioned institution. In order to justify chattel slavery's presuppositions of vindicated human property, proslavery ideology needed to incorporate the priority of slaveholders? right to property over slaves? right to liberty. Hammond provided this by asserting that man's right to "property in man" had been "consecrated" by the Bible. Suggesting a similitude between abolitionism and anti-property radicalism, as did many reactionary Southerners, Hammond anticipated that, after defeating slavery, the property-threatening ideology of antislavery would challenge the capital of the North."
Abstract The paper presents the question of what ideology will best suit China's leaders and citizens in a system in transition that will facilitate China's development in a stable manner. The paper explains that this is a complex question given that the ideology that may best suit China's leaders is not necessarily the same as the one that will best suit its people. This essay thus attempts to answer the question by describing what would be the best ideology for China for the immediate future and the probable ideology given China's current history.
Abstract The paradox of the concept "ideology" is that it is, at one and the same time, both valueless as a descriptive term and of essential importance to any discussion of politics. This essay will explore this paradoxical aspect of the concept of "ideology" in order to illustrate how the concept functions in political and cultural analysis in a modern context.
Abstract The paper contends that Karl Marx was one of the most innovative and original thinkers who has ever lived and that it certainly shows in this book. The paper describes how Marx sets out to critique German ideology and along with this, German thinkers. The paper depicts how Marx castigates German ideology most severely, essentially accusing it of being divorced from reality.
From the Paper "Karl Marx was one of the most innovative and original thinkers who has ever lived and it certainly shows in this book. Marx sets out to critique German ideology and along with this, German thinkers. He castigates German ideology most severely, essentially accusing it of being divorced from reality. In the course of this critique, he puts forward his own, materialist philosophy of the world. He contrasts his own ideas (which he assumes are entirely correct) with the German ideas (which he assumes are entirely erroneous)."
Abstract This paper explains that Richard Lewontin in his book "Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA" presents a view of science that challenges the popular conception of science as a methodical quest for objective knowledge, which exists outside of the political and social structures of human society. The author points out that the book, which is based on Lewontin's lectures for the 1990 Massey Lectures, focuses on Lewontin's area of scientific specialty biology with a particular emphasis on genetics. The paper relates that the book's component chapters each address and subvert popular myths of science that, for many people, render its practices and practitioners beyond the realm of social and political thought.
From the Paper "Richard Lewontin, in his book Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA, presents a view of science that challenges the popular conception of science as an methodical quest for objective knowledge that exists outside of the political and social structures of human society. This book, based on Lewontin's lectures for the 1990 Massey Lectures, focuses on Lewontin's area of scientific specialty: biology, with a particular emphasis on genetics. The book's component chapters each address, and subvert, popular myths of science that - for many people - render its practices and practitioners beyond the realm of social and political thought."
Abstract The paper explains that it is doubtful, given China's history of the past centuries as well as its more recent history under communism since 1949, that nationalism can form the basis of a new, legitimizing ideology. The paper describes Nationalism as a European concept that evolved over centuries with the appearance of the nation-state in Europe. The paper clarifies that nationalism is not simply patriotism, or a sense of shared cultural or linguistic identities. Rather, it is a complex array of responses to the nation-state and to a community of collective memory that a people take pride in and which they feel distinguishes them from others.
Abstract The paper looks at China today and examines what kind of ideology will best suit Chinese leaders and citizens in a system of transition on the road to some form of globally integrated and pluralistic system. The essay argues that Confucianism and democracy are the best option. The paper explains that the first is traditional in the Chinese society and the second could help solve many of the country's problems.
From the Paper "Since the early 1980s China saw a unique transformation from an isolated rural country to urbanized, stable and quite open country. This turn in the Chinese economy and politics started soon after Mao's death and Deng Xiaoping's return to power. Deng, assisted by the survivors of the Long March, started the big reformation of the Chinese system. This reform era began with a shift in the political climate. Deng and other reformists wanted to move the policy of the Chinese Communist Party from ideological to pragmatic. The country was devastated by Mao's Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward as well as by Mao's totalitarian regime."
Abstract The paper defines the various forms of ideology and explains the ideology of social studies, liberalism, conservatism and moderate ideology. The paper then considers whether political ideology is polarizing a particular region of the United States. The region considered is the west north central region, through the years 1990 to 2000 and includes seven states. The paper explains the distinct characteristics of the three dominant American ideologies, liberal, moderate, and conservative and states that polarization did in fact occur throughout the years 1990 to 2000 on the West North Central region and that both the Republican and Democrat scores increased during this time period.
Outline:
What is Ideology?
Importance of Ideology in America
Research in Ideology Methodology
Data
House Members of West North Central Region - 1990
House Members of West North Central Region - 2000
Conclusion
From the Paper "An example of a successful conservative president is the 40th president, Ronald Reagan. During Reagan's presidency, the American conservative movement truly achieved dominance. According to Wikipedia.com, in that election, Republicans took control of the U.S. Senate for the first time since 1954, and conservative principles dominated Reagan's economic and foreign policies, with supply side economics and strict opposition to Soviet Communism defining the Administration's philosophy."
Abstract Ideology is both a belief and a practice. How we identify ourselves in society is intimately related to dominant ideologies. This paper will define "ideology" and it's necessary associate term, "hegemony." An outline of an example for making an argument about the relations between the ideology (the State) and identity in society will be addressed. A brief discussion of the impacts such State-based ideological practices have on social identities will be looked at.
Abstract The paper analyzes the political ideologies of liberalism, conservatism and social democracy and explains that this requires identifying the basic political principles and tenets of these rival ideologies. The paper explains that this also requires comparing them to one another, for political ideologies emerge and develop in response to other political ideologies. The paper discusses that in general terms, liberalism emerged as a critical response to conservatism and social democracy emerged as a critical response to both conservatism and liberalism.
From the Paper "Liberalism has been defined by both proponents and opponents as a political ideology that values strong support for a broad and comprehensive interpretation of civil liberties, for freedom of cultural expression and religious toleration and for widespread popular participation in the political process regardless of race, gender or income."
Abstract The paper assesses the developments of social policy in Britain from the end of World War II, paying particular notice to the issue of education. The paper shows that the education and wider social welfare policies of governments since World War II have been directly effected by ideology and it is the ideological base of the two main political parties that has directed their legislative actions towards education. The paper relates that Conservative rule dismantled the post war consensus on welfare and education. Nonetheless, whether the major political parties have been in convergence or disagreement, their policy maneuvers with regard to education have largely been defined by the ideological stance that they have adopted towards the general issue of welfare. The paper contends that to fully understand British government education policy, we must also understand the ideological frameworks that has guided it.
From the Paper "During the Second World War the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill was forced to undertake measures that in normal circumstances it would not have done. All aspects of the British war effort had to be directed and managed by the central government in London in order for maximum efficiency and effort to be attained. Although smaller exertions had been adopted by the governments of the First World War, the onset of total war required one thing above all on the part of government; planning (Pelling, 1978; p.22). Wartime planning was wide-ranging and largely successful. It was therefore a logical development that after the war, there would be many who would argue that for such planning in peace."
Abstract This paper discusses the notion of ideologies as consistent and systematic ways of understanding the social, political and economic world and looks at where they originate. Americans are usually seen as holding two main ideologies: liberalism and conservatism. The paper looks at research studies in order to determine how personal ideologies of Americans determine which category a person belongs to.
From the Paper "A person's values, or the framework through which s/he perceives the world, are developed differently for each individual through the socialization process. The process of socialization is the means by which people acquire their values through an interplay of cultural factors, knowledge, experience and ideology. The family, peers are early and pervasive agents in the socialization process, with later influences coming from neighbors, working colleagues, and the mass media. In the politics of everyday life, sources of social differentiation permeate virtually every aspect of existence."
Abstract Any assessment of the role of Buddhism as the governing ideology of Koryo is complicated by the existence of multiple classes in Korean society at the time and their conflicting religious allegiances. Therefore, while Buddhism was the state religion in the time of the Koryo, it cannot be considered the governing ideology of the state, in the same way that communism was the governing ideology of China under Chairman Mao.
Abstract This paper takes a close look at the ideology of the American Dream which is behind both Arthur Miller's classic play, "Death of a Salesman" and its tragic protagonist, Willy Loman. The paper argues that the ideology is flawed, its flaws being Willy's wrong interpretation of it as a popularity contest, it not fitting the world in which he lives, it being destructive and it not being as easy as he believes it should be. Finally, the paper discusses the effect of Willy's ideology on his sons.
From the Paper "When Arthur Miller's classic play came out in 1949, the United States were in the middle of another huge boom: a literal Baby Boom, a boom of housing, a boom of sufficient and well-paid employment, a boom of success, a boom of prosperity. I use the word "another" to qualify this particular "boom" because the country had just ended times of Depression and war, in the never-ending cycle of good times and bad times that had started from America's very independence, a cycle of war or poverty followed by riches, or at least financial stability."
Abstract This paper examines the aspects that feminism has in common with other political ideologies, such as liberalism and social democracy. The author explains that since feminism also disagrees with other aspects of these ideologies, it would not be correct to say that it is derived from them, although it might be termed newer. The author gives examples of points where feminism concurs with liberalism, socialism, social democracy and conservatism, and where it diverges. The author explains why a chronological way of viewing ideologies does not work, since it can be argued, for example, that feminism has existed in some form as long as women have been considered to be inferior to men. The paper concludes that even with their inherent contradictions, feminism, conservatism, and social democracy all have common aspects, though none of them can lay claim to being the precursor of another.
From the Paper "Feminists view the right to choose as very individualistic, and the philosophy behind it is that they think that women have the right to choose what to do with their bodies. Any government regulation that attempts to regulate what a person does with their body, in the view of feminists, oversteps what governments should be allowed to do. Pro-choice advocates are very similar to liberalists in that they feel as though their own reason and their ability to take rational actions should not be disrespected. This is the ultimate goal and most important aspect of liberalism: "Individuals are assumed to be capable of using reason and taking rational actions in pursuit of their interests" (Mintz et al, 2008)."
Tags: society slogan empiricism, free market, contradiction viewpoint motherhood domination
