Abstract This paper discusses the controversial issue of cloning. It analyzes the moral and ethical implications of cloning and whether it is correct to conduct cloning at all. The paper describes the origins of cloning, the methods currently used and the problems with the process.
From the Paper " Cloning can basically be described as the copying of genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate identical material. Two other types of cloning produce complete, genetically identical animals. Blastomere separation (sometimes called "twinning" after the naturally occurring process that creates identical twins) involves splitting a developing embryo soon after fertilization of the egg by a sperm (sexual reproduction) to give rise to two or more embryos (Wilmut, 998). The resulting organisms are identical twins (clones) containing DNA from both the mother and the father. The second type of cloning that is more controversial in terms of its moral and ethical implications is when the identical material that has been generated consists of the DNA of only one parent. With the innovation of the second type of cloning that came primarily with the birth of Dolly, a number of moral, social, ethical and legal issues were raised with regard to it. Religious and social organizations were outraged at the prospect of creating animals (not to forget humans) that did not involve the natural process of conception. The right to create a life, they claimed was after all ultimately in the hands of the Creator and to play around with that was tantamount to interrupting the path of Nature (Wilmut, 1998). However before one moves on to discuss the moral and ethical dilemmas of cloning, it is important to briefly study the history of this controversial process."
Abstract This paper provides an historical overview of the death penalty system in the United States. The author does not justify death penalty and argues that it is rather ineffective. The author uses statistical data concerning death penalty to support his opinion.
From the Paper ""One of the arguments most frequently used to justify the death penalty is deterrence. Proponents of the death penalty say that it is necessary to kill a condemned offender in order to set an example that will deter others from committing similar crimes.
If the death penalty did serve this purpose, however, if it actually did deter potential offenders from committing crimes, then states carrying out death penalties should certainly be found to have a lower rate of crime than those that do not execute their citizens."
Abstract This paper examines the controversial life and work of Margaret Sanger, and her drive to provide women with an education regarding birth control. The author discusses Sanger's views on pregnancy, contraception, and the early beginnings of planned parenthood.
From the Paper "The early twentieth century was a revolutionary turning point in American history. This was especially true regarding woman and their rights. During this time period, there was a tremendous amount of human suffering. Those who endured much of this were women. Although there were many women who made their mark on history during this time period, Margaret Sanger was among the most influential, yet controversial women of her time. Her work in creating what is today known as Planned Parenthood, and her avocations to legalize birth control, remain a controversy to this day. "
Tags: medicine, parenthood, planned, studies, women, abortion, new, york
Abstract This paper examines prayer in the American school systems It bases its arguments on a recent request by a Virginian school for a minutes silence dedicated to prayer. The paper provides a survey of historical court rulings on this matter and proceeds to analyze opinions for and against the recent decision by the Virginian court.
From the Paper "Our constitution bans state-imposed religion and protects freedom of worship. The line between those two can be very fine, and last November 7, the Supreme Court drew that line by reinforcing a ruling in Virginia allowing a minute of silence in schools. During this moment of silence, students might pray, meditate, or simply remain neutral."
Abstract This paper promotes the idea of a free immigration policy in the United States. It discusses the contributions that immigrants, of all nationalities, have made to the the growth of the United States economically and socially:
From the paper:
"The recent level of immigration that the United States of America has been experiencing is clearly beneficial to the economy. Today, and throughout the history of the nation, immigrants play key roles in society, and without them, regions of the country with the largest immigrant growth rates would suffer, as would the country as a whole. The immigrants to the United States at this time are not simply the poor and uneducated of the third world; they come from all social and economic classes."
Explores constitutional issues in racial profiling and discrimination in the wake of 9/11. Examples of profiling are derived from general minority experiences and specifically Arab/Muslim discrimination after 9/11.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, 2001, $ 68.95
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of racial profiling. The writer addresses four scenarios and argues for or against their legal and moral foundation based on the 14th amendment of the United States Constitution. In addition to the writer's belief regarding each scenario, we are given key elements of the opposition's argument and the writer's rebuttal to that opposition.
From the paper:
"Following the attacks on America September 11, 2001, there were cries for revenge throughout the nation. Anyone who looked Muslim was endangered as Americans took their anger to the streets. Following the attack there were several instances in which pilots refused to fly planes until Muslim looking passengers were removed and angry residents threatened those who looked like one of "them". The initial rage died down and in its place we were given many new security measures that we have been told are for the good of national security. The measures boil down to legalized racial profiling in some cases. Racial profiling is not a new event. It has been around for many years. Racial profiling goes against everything the constitution of this nation stands for; yet in light of the attacks in New York, Americans are less vocal about it then they have been in the past. Now, instead of denouncing all profiling as unconstitutional and wrong, we find ourselves looking at individual profile scenarios and holding them against the constitution to see if we can slide them through. We have entered a new world since the attacks. It is a world in which we are trying to walk a much thinner line between protecting the safety of those who live here and protecting the constitution."
Tags: racism, profiling, 9/11, constitution, Blacks, Arab, Muslim
Abstract An argumentative paper defending assisted suicide and supporting the reasons for legalizing assisted suicide. The author discusses the moral and ethical issues concerning euthanasia.
From the Paper "30 years ago, assisted suicide was not a concern of our public. It wasn't talked about, and no one consciously recognized that this was going on. It wasn't really until between 1990 and 1998 that assisted suicide was brought to our attention by the trial of Jack Kevorkian. Assisted suicide is said to be; when one person provides another person with the tools to take their own life, knowing that this is the intent. That would be like when a doctor inserts the IV with a lethal injection, and the patient pushes the button. On a quick note, assisted suicide should not be confused with euthanasia, where another person delivers the fatality to the person to be euthanized (Euthanasia, 1)."
Abstract This paper examines the proposal for legalization of same-sex marriage, and how it is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. The author discusses the potential consequences of legalizing same-sex marriage, both positive and negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, and the social structure. Litigation and current laws regarding this issue are discussed. Arguments are made for the legalization of same-sex marriage.
From the Paper "Marriage has changed greatly throughout the years. In Western law, wives are now equal rather than subordinate partners; interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society; and marital failure itself, rather than the fault of one partner, may be grounds for a divorce. Social change has been felt in marriages in recent years as divorce rates have increased and have been integrated into upper class families. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriage or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in Europe and North America."
Abstract This paper reviews how the Chinese government implemented a strict one-child policy decades ago in order to control its drastic population explosion. The author indicates that although the policy was enforced with reward and punishment, it has been largely successful. However, this policy, against natural process of reproduction, is creating serious social issues such as gender imbalance and orphans. The policy is very controversial due to its inhumane approach including mass sterilizations and forced abortions, and the policy also violates a human right of reproduction. This paper examines whether China can supply enough food, jobs and places to live for its people despite this policy and what problems China will face in the future.
From the Paper "More than a fifth of the world's population lives in China today. Even though Chinese government had implemented a fairly successful One-child policy, Chinese population will continue to grow until it is estimated to level off sometime before 2100. Chinese government was successful in making people believe that having more than one child is not good for China's future. On the other hand, strict and inhumane policy had raised some issues in terms of basic human rights in reproduction and also damage to traditional values. However controversial the policy was, it helped to control China's population growth. The question China must answer is; Can China support itself today, and in the future?"
Abstract The paper shows that abortion, according to the Court, refers to the termination of pregnancy with the consent of the mother. Therefore even when the mother herself is demanding abortion, pro-lifers maintain that termination must not be allowed because it violates basic rights of the unborn child. The paper shows too how the pro-choice quarter on the other hand, advocates a mother's right to health and feels that an unwanted child would only lead to numerous economic, social and emotional problems for the woman. The paper therefore addresses both sides of the issue and also briefly mentions the role of the Supreme Court in this area.
From the Paper "The pro-choice movement on the other hand advocates rights of the mother. It maintains that a child in the womb is not a fully developed person and therefore his rights are not as important as that of the mother and similarly it is her life and health, which must be kept in mind, when decision regarding pregnancy is being made. (Gordon, 1995) Logically speaking, this group appears to have more valid and reasonable arguments in favor of its stance in the subject but there are certain extremes, which are to be avoided by this group. This is because it is the extreme views, which have turned pro-lifers against pro-choice group. The extreme involves not considering the unborn child a human being even in the final stage of pregnancy. It is true that a child cannot be called a person in prenatal stage, but still he is a fully developed human being when pregnancy has reached the end of its term. Therefore to support abortion at this stage is absolutely wrong because it would be the same thing as killing a human being. "
Abstract The paper shows that since the September 11 tragedy, there have been several changes in the US economy and there is a strong pull on inflation following a cyclical expansion. The paper lists recommendations concerning changes in fiscal policy and monetary policy. The paper discusses that the choice of monetary policies are dependent on the weights that policymakers place on stabilizing inflation to stabilizing employment, and the monetary future of the U.S. will depend on how the government and the Federal Reserve uses the FRB/US model to get the nation back on its feet after September 11.
From the Paper "The theory of socioeconomic is based on three perspectives. The enlightened self-interest due to the nature of others, the fact that individuals can be trusted and not opportunistic, and people have personal value structures that are not dominant in an economic orientation (Wright 295). These assumptions applied to economics bring compatible achievement of competitive advantage. When these perspectives are followed they bring benefits to the stockholders.
The key to efficient markets is found in businesses that can reduce the costs of transacting. "Goods and services or the performance of agents have multiple valuable attributes and the ability to measure those attributes at low cost is a necessary condition for capturing the gains from trade that were the keys to Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. But a sufficient condition requires in addition that the contracts embodying the exchange process can be enforced at a low cost" (North 5). This can only be done in developed economies."
Abstract This paper discusses the rising cost of security and how it is hurting airline business in the United States. The writer describes how the price tag attached with extra security measures is bringing down major airlines that were already facing a dearth of business passengers and rapid cuts in the number of flights after September 11.
From the Paper "United States government is not only anticipating more terrorist attacks in future, it is also asking its people to pay a huge price for this fear. While the government rightly wants to beef up security in order to protect its people from terrorist activities in future, the people are unfortunately being made to pay for these governmental plans. The price tag attached with extra security measures is bringing down major airlines that were already facing a dearth of business passengers and rapid cuts in number of flights after September 11. It is important to understand that airlines industry along with the rest of travel industry has suffered immensely after September 11 but the reason why it has failed to make a decent recovery is because government is consistently levying security surcharges, which most United States airlines cannot afford. "
Abstract The paper describes the measures that have been taken in order to secure the lives of Americans in the new reality of world terrorism. The paper describes the USA Patriot Act signed by President George Bush and discusses its problems and flaws. The paper offers further recommendations as to how to prevent future terrorist attacks.
From the Paper "On September 11, 2001, America was changed forever. From out of the ruins of the World Trade Center, and over the unmarked graves of nearly three thousand innocent people, a new world took shape. It was a world in which the citizens of the United Sates found themselves suddenly vulnerable to the murderous plots of a handful of fanatics. A trip to the mall, a drive over a bridge, a meeting at the office: an everyday event could spell disaster. Americans were discovering for the first time what so many around the globe had known for years, that the scenes of daily life could become the settings of terror. "
Abstract An attempt to determine whether or not there is a bias shown to blacks and other minorities. This paper also examines whether or not the poverty level of the defendant is also a factor in the sentencing severity and how this can be overcome.
From the Paper "America has waffled on the topic of capital punishment since the nation's infancy. There are some eras in which the nation's people stood firmly behind the death penalty and believed the adage "an eye for an eye", while at other times the voters have stopped the allowance of execution as a punishment. With each change there are those who are advocates and those who are detractors from the principle itself. Whether or not the death penalty is a viable solution for crime diversion is still under debate. In addition to the use of the death penalty being debated there is a large debate in America about the bias shown to whites when it comes to the use of the death penalty. Many people believe that the minority and the poor in this country are executed at a far more frequent rate than their white counterparts."
A review of the literary work of Jimmy Breslin, ""The Short Sweet Dream of Eduardo Gutierrez", focusing on the the life and death of an aspiring immigrant worker.
Abstract This paper analyzes the book ""The Short Sweet Dream of Eduardo Gutierrez" by Jimmy Breslin, and discusses the main character, Eduardo, and his trials and tribulations and ultimate demise, as an illegal immigrant in America. The paper portrays, through the discussion of the book, the hopes and prayers of the average immigrant whose aim is to make money to support his family back home. The writer describes the harsh reality of employers who take advantage of these naive newcomers.
From the Paper "The book 'The Short Sweet Dream of Eduardo Gutierrez is the story of an illegal Mexican immigrant who crosses over to the American side of the Mexican-American frontier, one of the divisions of which is the large desert of Arizona. This illegal immigrant, the protagonist of the book, Eduardo Gutierrez, comes to Brooklyn neighborhood of New York in search of good prospects for himself and his poor family back in Mexico and finds work at a construction site, under an unscrupulous builder. The book details the life of this illegal immigrant right from his birth in a small town in Mexico; up to the moment, he finds a job at a construction site."
