Abstract This paper presents a brief examination of American foreign policy from the Vietnam War to the bombardment of Cambodia, the Gulf War and the economic sanctions on Iraq as well as the present war against bin-La din's al-Qaida in Afghanistan.
From the Paper "The greatest purveyor of violence in the world today is my own government," said Martin Luther King in 1967. King's premise is presently shared by many, in the United States and elsewhere, who believe that the US is the "evil empire" of the second half of the 20th century. While the current American offensive is justified by many throughout the political spectrum ? The Nation's Richard Falk maintains that "The war in Afghanistan against apocalyptic terrorism" is the first truly just war since World War II" ? others argue that the bombardment is merely another example of the violent, disdainful nature of America's foreign policy. The American intervention in WWII, of course, is widely regarded as a necessary contribution to the containment of the expansionist Nazi aggressors. Not too many people repudiate the legitimacy of that war ? the mere existence of various non-white ethnic groups throughout the world is enough to dispel any counter notions. In retrospect, most people agree that the US would have saved the life of millions had it recognized the nature of the enemy sooner, and thus joined the war earlier. "
Abstract This paper discusses the new emerging technology of cloning. The author looks at the scientific advantages and moral implications of this new phenomenon.
From the Paper "Only four years after scientists cloned a sheep in Scotland, the ability to clone human beings is about to make the transition from science fiction to science fact. In recent news, announcements have been made regarding both the advancement of technology to clone and the interests expressed by some to utilize this technology. One such case is of an American couple who lost their 10-month old child to complications during a minor operation. Instead of having another child, they wanted this child. The couple felt that "their little son's genotype deserved another chance" (Talbot 40). The couple, well financed with money from a malpractice settlement, enlisted a "science-loving religious sect" called the Raelians to take frozen cells from their deceased child and make every attempt to clone him (Talbot 40). The issue of cloning humans is possibly the greatest controversy ever, as it will have the farthest-reaching effects on the world well into the future and there is a clear divide in society when the issue of cloning arises. Many support its use, while others cringe at the thought. Cloning technology is a fascinating prospect with firm roots in medical science and a strong footing in controversy as well, and responsible use will further advance higher knowledge and health."
Abstract This paper argues that pornography has a terribly negative affect on men's view of women and women's psyche. Pornography is not only highly addictive material but it's a book of lies about women portrayals. Even soft-core pornography portrays women as sex objects existing only to give sexual satisfaction to men. They are "pets" or "playmates" only from the neck down. Women in porn are big breasted and thin, these stereotypes give women self-cautious feelings around male counterparts. ?Also, pornography teaches that sex is purely fun in nature. There is no touching intimacy in pornography, only fast physical satisfaction. The paper uses the works of some feminists and socialists to prove the negative affect of pornography, but also examines opposing views.
From the Paper "Pornography is not made to educate but to sell, and for the most part, what sells is a bunch of lies about sex and women. Women are portrayed as enjoying being raped, spanked or beaten, tied up, mutilated, enslaved, or they accept it as their lot as women to be victims of such experiences."
Abstract This paper discusses the various aspects, circumstances, and effects of female sterilization in Puerto Rico, one of the most effectual and prevalent examples of a eugenics program throughout history whereby almost one-third of Puerto Rico's female population were sterilized under the banner of birth control.
From the Paper "The historic and social conditions--medical, political, legal, and religious?that were conducive to the mass sterilization movement in Puerto Rico are significant. For decades, the United States blamed overpopulation for economic problems, unemployment, and poverty in Puerto Rico, while ignoring the fact that they (the U.S) have played an enormous role in generating and solidifying these conditions (Michaelson 1981). As a result, non-official programs with the intent of distributing birth control information and educating families about the need for practices were implemented in the 1920s (Presser 1973). With the population of Puerto Rico being over eighty percent Catholic, providing these services to prevent pregnancy was a felony until the 1930s. This strong opposition from the Catholic Church, unfavorable legal status of birth control, a disinterested public, and insufficient federal funding from the United States, prevented these early programs from becoming triumphant."
Abstract This paper describes censorship and the first amendment's right of freedom of speech. The author argues that not only book banning violates that right, but also students are denied the ability to develop critical thinking. In order to support this argument, the author uses an example "Of Mice and Men" by John Steinbeck.
From the Paper "The whole concept of book writing is that the readers be able to develop the analytical abilities required to critically assess what they see and experience in life. Books are a form of media that allow the reader to develop imaginative powers and increase their comprehension and cognitive skills. Researchers have found that when exposed to Literature at an early age a child develops better critical powers later in life. So if literature has such a profound effect on people why censor it? The list of potential books to be banned include: "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger, ""Of Mice and Men"" by John Steinbeck, Mark Twain's classic, "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.?
To ban a book is taking from the students and the readers the right to determine on their own individual level whether what they are being exposed to in the book is right or wrong. Banning a book and censoring it is taking from readers their right to a decision and thus, compromising their fundamental right as depicted in the First Amendment."
Abstract This essay discusses the story of the US immigrant, Elian Gonzalez. The author examines how immigrants are usually treated in the United States and concludes that Elian's story does not correspond to most immigrants' stories.
From the Paper "If the story of Elian Gonzalez were typical of the experiences of all immigrants to the United States at the turn of this century, then it would reflect in a fairly realistic way on how Americans should greet their immigrants ? with a sense that each newcomer to our shores brings with him or her an entire world of potential contributions to the economy and culture of the country, just as so many immigrants have done before. "
The author examines the economy in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, analyzing the impact of the attacks on consumer confidence, the stock market, and government spending. Strategies for fixing the damage, especially by government intervention, are evaluated.
4,000 words (approx. 16 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 108.95
Abstract This paper examines the effects on specific stock exchanges, their initial fall and their subsequent rise by considering basic economic background. The author indicates that understanding the effects of terrorism on the economy is complicated due to at least three reasons: The need to look at several different sectors of the economy; different economic models that weigh elements of society differently and the different ways conservative and progressive economists look at a problem.
From the paper:
"We may feel that there is something inappropriate in talking about economics in conjunction with the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, believing that instead of thinking of something that is in the end as unimportant as money we should be thinking about the larger issues of life and death and the purpose of human life."
Abstract The following paper looks at capital punishment, methods of punishment varying over the years from crucifixion, hanging, burning, and drowning. its history and the discovery of more humane forms of capital punishment, such as electrocution and lethal injection. The author of this essay claims that capital punishment provides healing for victims, safety for communities, and saves money for governments.
From the Paper "Enormous money is needed to fund imprisonment. Capital punishment reduces thesecosts, as well as being a necessity to fight crime. Often a murderer pleads guilty by criminal insanity, and returns to the streets to kill again. Programs do not exist to rehabilitate serious murderers, who are released into society to put the public at a very dangerous risk. Criminals know they have nothing to fear if no death penalty is enforced".
Abstract This paper provides a brief overview of global warming and its causes, focusing on the consequences of global warming on the world's ocean systems. It basically describes the process of global warming, the forecasted effects by scientists and environmentalists and finally gives examples of what one can do to assist in reversing this phenomena.
From the Paper "In one of his televised debates with Vice President Al Gore, George W. Bush said that scientists do not yet know the cause of global warming. This must have been a surprise indeed to all of those scientists in the world who have understood both the fact that our earth is getting hotter and the mechanism underlying this global climate shift for a number of years. This paper provides a brief overview of global warming and its causes, focusing on the consequences of global warming on the world's ocean systems."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the topic of global warming. It explains the frightening process which is occurring to Earth and gives examples of government bodies which have been set up to deal with this problem. It also discusses the effects on the environment - plants and animals alike and finally how this could ultimately end up in mass destruction.
From the Paper "The prospect of "Global Warming," a state of planetary change wherein the average ground temperatures of the entire earth are elevated to unnaturally high levels, has been around for a number of years. However, during most of the last two decades, the truths about global warming were frequently questioned and debated. It was decried by conservatives, big business, and even many well-intentioned and intelligent scientists. Global warming theory was called an error in computation, at best, or at worst it was an outright deception foisted on the public by radical anti-technology, anti-human environmentalist-wackos. However, it is now an established fact that the Earth's surface is growing warmer. Unless steps are taken to stop this progression of events, and even in spite of such steps, the vast majority of the evidence shows that the Earth will continue to grow warmer, with widespread and even catastrophic results."
Abstract This paper looks at the causes and reasons behind armed conflict in the streets of our cities, making reference to several examples of armed violence. The writer contends that gun-control is not the answer to the nation's ills. The writer suggests that stricter gun control laws are the result of unsubstantiated fears, promulgated by the mass media. Finally this paper suggests that guns are the scapegoat for all human ills.
From the Paper "We do not have all of the answers to suicide, murder, and teen violence, but it is clear from the statistical proof that gun control is not the answer. We need to look at the reasons why people are compelled to do these things. Before the invent of gunpowder, there was still suicide, murder and teen violence. Perhaps the answers to these dilemmas lie somewhere deeper inside us. Perhaps the answer lies in our ability to love one another, instead of blaming guns for the hatred within."
The following paper discusses whether the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 could have been avoided if the United States had followed the principles of Sun Tzu in "The Art of War".
Abstract This paper illustrates how the United States has followed and could follow Sun Tzu's principles in "The Art of War" in the days prior to September 11, 2001 and during Operation Enduring Freedom.
From the Paper "Every military leader is, or should be, familiar with Sun Tzu's Art of War. It is the preeminent primer on military tactics, strategies, and principles, and the oldest military treatise in the world. One can apply the principles of the Art of War to Operation Enduring Freedom. This paper will examine how the United States' responses to terrorism since September 11 and through the present day have or have not held to Sun Tzu's principles."
Abstract The following paper discusses the benefits of human cloning. The writer claims that the cloning of human cells is less complex and not as risky as the reproduction of sheep or cows.
From the Paper ?Biotechnology company Advanced Cell Technology Inc. (ACT), based in Worcester, Massachusetts, said the human cloning breakthrough was aimed not at creating a human being but at mining the embryo for stem cells to treat diseases ranging from Parkinson's to juvenile diabetes. Michael West, chief executive officer of ACT hopes to further treatment of ailments such as diabetes, cancer, AIDS, Parkinson' s and Alzheimer's disease (Gallagher, 2001). Sounds more like an attempt to improve life than destroy it. ACT's cloning of a human embryo is the next great step in science.?
Abstract This paper explores the stand that even though mistakes are made in a few cases involving death penalty convictions, capital punishment is still the most valid type of punishment the United Sates has to express the importance of human life.
From the Paper "One of the most powerful responsibilities of any society is the response to crime and punishment. The general public must deal with serious crimes such as rape, murder and treason and the legal consequences of those crimes. The death penalty is meant to be a punishment for some of the worst offenses that people can commit. The death penalty has its roots in ancient times, and even the Bible recommends it as a proper punishment for certain crimes. This fact allows modern day Christians to stand determinedly behind capital punishment. However, the death penalty system, as practiced today, does have flaws. Many of who oppose the death penalty exploits those flaws in order to prove the death penalty immoral. As for the people who stand behind the death penalty as the ultimate punishment for heinous crimes, they do recognize flaws yet still argue that abolishment of the death penalty would be a huge mistake. Accurate investigations, DNA testing and the mental health of the accused individuals also play key roles in the case, sentencing and appeal procedures. In list of these variables in death penalty case(s), sentencing and appeal processes should be reevaluated and possibly reformed to insure consistency and keep innocent people from being executed."
Abstract The writer examines the essay titled "Hate Radio" in which Williams expresses her alarm about the absolute freedom of expression allowed on the radio which in turn has become almost hate talk and open racism.
From the Paper "In her essay "Hate Radio," Patricia J. Williams comments on the growing trend of "anything goes" talk radio, led by radio personalities who seem determined to anger as many people as possible, and who cater to an audience of people empowered to say almost anything, no matter how prejudiced or ill-informed about other groups of people."
