Abstract This paper explains that, as a by-product of the industrial revolution, the natural equilibrium of earth is being altered by man-made conditions resulting in global warming or the heating up of the earth's surface. The author points out that the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon; however, the burning of fossil fuels has contributed to a huge increase in CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which now trap more heat and thereby increase the temperature of earth more than usual. The paper relates that there is still a minority of scientists who are hesitant to accept the fact that global warming is a man-induced condition; nonetheless, their notions are silenced by the observed climatic facts that the eleven hottest years of the previous century occurred between 1983 and 2000 while 1991-95 are the five consecutive hottest years of the century.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Global Warming (A Real Problem)
Undeniable Facts
Conclusion
From the Paper "At this rate of increase, the atmospheric CO2 concentrations are projected to increase the average global temperature by around 3 to 7 degrees F by the end of this century. This increase over a hundred-year period represents a huge shift compared against the entire time scale of the planet. Those who argue that global warming is a natural happening have to explain why nature would shift gears all of a sudden? Also, how could increased CO2 levels also be part of the claimed natural process? These questions and the true facts make it unambiguous that global warming is definitely a man-induced phenomenon. These arguments can be buttressed with the recently documented drastic climatic shifts."
Abstract This paper analyzes the poem "Immigrants," written by Pat Mora. It describes the poem as a discussion about parents who immigrated to America and want their children to be only American, abandoning all ties to their home country. The paper provides an analysis of the poem by breaking down many lines and parts of the poem and by providing an interpretation of the poem. It also discusses the concept of what it means to be "American".
From the Paper "What does, "As American as apple pie" mean? Certain images may rush to people's minds as that phrase is heard. But do we all see the same thing? It is doubtful. Being an American of European decent, I automatically think of the boy and girl next door; blonde haired and blue eyed. Not all Americans share my sentiments though. The poem "Immigrants" by Pat Mora addresses the issue of not only what is an American, but what is thought of as American. For many immigrants, no matter how much they may desire to be accepted as the norm, it may never happen for them because their skin is a darker tone than their blonde haired counterparts or for various other reasons. "Immigrants" is a poem about acceptance. Two parents have a deep-rooted desire for their children to be American in every way; even at the expense of rejecting their own heritage."
Abstract This paper addresses the question whether or not governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. To address this issue, the paper discusses various related issues such as the role of governments in the expanded use of biofuels. The author argues in favor of governments mandating the shift to biofuels because of their authority, influence, clout and moral responsibility towards controlling and regulating the challenging shift to biofuels.
Outline:
Introduction
Biofuel Defined
The Role of Governments in the Expanded Use of Biofuels
Ecological & Economic "Ripple Effects"
Further Consequences to Mass Shift to Biofuels
Arguments For/or Against Mandating the Shift to Biofuels
Summary
From the Paper "The impact of biofuel is extensive. With biofuel costing less than fuel derived from traditional sources (Matthews, 2007), their production and use allow countries to save in their petroleum imports and strengthen their energy security by becoming less dependent on foreign oil. Biofuel is also environment friendly as these fuels do not release toxic gas that lead to global warming and greenhouse effect. The production of biofuel also creates income and labor opportunities especially in developing countries (Matthews, 2007; Abano, 2007). This could subsequently lead to poverty alleviation and food security as more people will have jobs and money to buy food (Northoff, 2004). As the production of biofuels can be tailored to the environment of different countries, its production can be cost effective given the local sourcing of raw materials. Similarly, this diversifies agricultural and forestry production for use in a lucrative industry such as alternative fuel production (Northoff, 2004).
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Tags: bioenergy, bioethanol, biodiesel, Philippines, Brazil, UN, energy, agriculture
Abstract This paper explains the harmful effects of illegal immigration on the United States' economy. The author presents evidence to support his claim that illegal immigrants affect the economy in a negative way. It then suggests ways to limit those effects and describes the most effective ways for the government to deal with this ongoing problem.
From the Paper "One of the many ways illegal immigrants harm our nation is by using our government services. Each year, more and more undocumented aliens are coming to our country to get free education, health care, protection (fire and police departments), and other services, such as ESL (English as a Second Language) without paying taxes. It is estimated that eighty-six percent of all school-aged illegal immigrants attend public schools (Huddle 76). Undocumented foreigners also make up seventeen percent of all inmates in prison, costing us money to pay for their keep (Elsner). This would not bother me if these immigrants were paying for their services."
Abstract This paper discusses how the basic definition of justice is the administration of law and the quality of being just, impartial and fair. It looks at how some achievements in justice follow this definition such as the inception of drug courts, community corrections and even the death penalty. The paper also looks at the court changes as a result of 9/11, the Patriot Act and the challenges the courts in the U.S. will be facing over the next 10 years.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Justice
Promoting Justice
Successful Achievements in the Court System
Positive and Negative Changes in Post September 11th
Challenges Facing Courts within 10 Years
Handling the Challenges
Conclusion
From the Paper "Those who've committed heinous crimes usually do not show any remorse for the lives they've taken or remorse for the devastation they have caused others. If they are allowed to serve a lifetime of imprisonment, they receive three meals a day, exercise and some even get an education all on the taxpayer's dime. In essence, rather than the criminal being punished, it would seem the taxpayer is punished because of the cost of maintaining the prisoner. Thus, society still pays for the crime. Some, such as myself, regard the death penalty as a form of justice since the death penalty means that the victim's family does not ever have to worry about the individual being released to be able to commit more crimes in the future."
Abstract This paper deals with one of the most controversial issues in America today: whether or not gay marriage should be legalized. The author puts forward the three main arguments against gay marriage: 1) it can put children at risk; 2) it can cause undue expenses for employers and the U.S. government; 3) it has the potential to undermine the traditional institution of marriage between one man and one woman. The author of the paper, states however, that gay marriage should be thoroughly examined from every angle of inquiry in order to promote and encourage the democratic principles upon which America was founded.
From the Paper "One of the most basic arguments against gay marriage is related to the role of children in such unions. Legalizing gay marriage, as Peter Sprigg points out, "would of course logically lead to granting homosexual unions adoptive and parenting rights and the implications of this are dire indeed" (156). Conversely, some studies have suggested that there appears to be no solid difference between children raised in a stable homosexual home and those raised in a traditional heterosexual home, yet in truth, there are a number of problems with the potential to severely affect the children brought up in such environments.
"First of all, the development of sexual identity could be impaired among children of lesbian or gay parents. Some studies suggest that "children brought up by gay fathers or lesbian mothers show disturbances in gender identity or in gender role behavior" and that some children "will themselves become gay as a result of living in a gay environment" (Kotulski, 167). In this case, children would become confused as to their individual gender differences and might not see nor understand the differences between men and women. Also, if a child sees nothing wrong with being gay, he/she might attempt to emulate the parent's lifestyle and thus lead the life of a homosexual/lesbian."
Abstract This paper explains that no aspect of the U.S. economy has remained unchanged during any given war. The author points out that the current Iraq war has positioned itself to possibly be the longest in U.S. history and hence the most expensive. The paper relates that, with more than 1 million U.S. troops in Iraq, the cost of long-term medical care and disability benefits will continue for years after the war. The paper underscores that post-war occupation and reconstruction, an inevitable factor in this conflict adds an even higher cost to the war. The author concludes that, in addition to direct costs, the Iraq war is destabilizing the economy by causing increasing oil prices, uncertainty in the credit market, inflation created by a greater demand of economic goods and services, and an increasing need to pay for the war with borrowed dollars.
From the Paper "With the increased costs of war comes a hefty interest payment on the national deficit. Joint Economic Committee (JEC) Chairman Sen. Charles E. Schumer, JEC Vice-Chair Rep. Carolyn Maloney , released a new report exposing the hidden costs of the war in Iraq. The Joint Economic Committee report entitled, "War at Any Price? The Total Economic Costs of the War" details the high hidden economic costs of the war in Iraq beyond the direct budgetary appropriations, including interest costs of borrowing these funds, lost investment, long term veteran's health care, and oil market disruptions."
Tags: world war ii, vietnam war, subprime oil uncertainty
Abstract This paper outlines an evaluation plan for a teen pregnancy prevention program and lists all the program objectives of the teen pregnancy prevention program. The paper explains that the purpose of the program evaluation is to ensure that immediate, intermediate and long-term goals of the program are met. The paper also points out that the results of the evaluation are used to further improve the program effectiveness in achieving optimal outcomes. The paper also explains that the prevalent outcome of the program is to reduce teen age pregnancy through education, support, and involvement of the stakeholders such as parents, teachers, and peers.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Evaluation of Teen Pregnancy
Challenges of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Evaluation
The Logic Model
Benefits of Using a Logic Model
Conclusion
From the Paper "Planned Parenthood designed the logic model as a tool for visualizing new programs and preparing for evaluation. The objective of a teen pregnancy prevention program closely mirrors the format of a logic model. According to Julia Kohn of Planned Parenthood, a logic model is a visual representation of a program. It provides a simple description of the program theory and shows the relationship of what we put in (inputs), what we do (outputs), and what results (outcomes). A logical model depicts the "if-then" sequence of changes that a program intends to affect. The logic model is the core of program planning and evaluation. (Kohn 2008)."
Abstract In this article, the writer first explains that a stem cell is a human cell that has the ability to divide itself a large number of times when placed in suitable environment, such as a laboratory culture. The writer notes that stem cell research implications are generally related to human health, and thus human stem cells are the focus of this paper. The writer discusses that many people are opposed to stem-cell research because of the need for using embryo cells, which can either come from aborted foetuses or from the umbilical cords of newborn babies. The writer then argues that, despite the concerns about stem-cell research, there are a great number of medical benefits that have already and may still come from stem-cell research and they far outweigh any potential negative effects. The writer argues that stem-cell research should not only be allowed to continue and prosper, but it should also be well funded and placed at a high priority among medical research fields.
From the Paper " Stem-cell research has allowed researchers to learn more about how cells regenerate themselves, as well as how initial cells at the embryo stage of development later develop into specific cells with specific functions in the body. This research is very useful for informing scientists about potential treatments for debilitating diseases. Researchers working with stem-cells have become fairly certain that continued research with the stem-cells will lead to potential cures or treatments for diseases such as Parkinson's disease, by regenerating muscle and brain cells. The research is also promising in terms of generating treatment options for individuals with multiple sclerosis. One of the most exciting possibilities for stem-cell research lies in the field of developing organs from stem-cells which could meet the human demand for organ transplants and remove the necessity of finding matching donors. Thus, stem-cell research has the potential to save a remarkable number of human lives."
Abstract In this paper I look at the causes of the Persian Gulf War. What Kuwait did to provoked the Iraqi invasion? Why Iraq felt it was necessary to invade Kuwait? What could the United States and other Arab Nations have done to prevent the invasion? Then I briefly write about the events of the fighting in the Persian Gulf War. Finally I evaluate the United States? policy towards Iraq since the War. Has it had an effect? Have we achieved any of our goals? What else can we do?
In my paper I conclude that the Persian Gulf War was necessary under the circumstances. Furthermore, I write about how our policy has failed towards Iraq and how it needs to be more aggressive. This paper is eight pages long and uses footnote rather then a bibliography. The paper is very informative, yet very opinionated.
Tags: arab, arabia, desert, east, hussein, iraq, israel, kuwait, middle, nations, oil, opec, saddam, saudi, storm, united
This paper shows how the Rational Choice Theory, especially the element of maximizing utility, best explains why Iraq decided to resort to war and invade Iran in 1981.
2,010 words (approx. 8 pages), 6 sources, 2001, $ 63.95
From the Paper "A territorial dispute concerning the Shatt-el-Arab waterway was a key issue foreshadowing a crisis between Iraq and Iran. The river was vital to economic prosperity to whoever controlled it, which was Iran at the time of the crisis. It is located at the northernmost area of the Persian Gulf, thus providing strategic access to oil rights and maritime activity (Tahir-Kheli and Ayubi 12). Disputes over the waterway even date back to the early 17th century. Briefly, however, Iraq wanted the entire river, while Iran demanded half of it ( Tahir-Kheli and Ayubi 20). The Algiers Treaty, made at the end of an OPEC summit conference on March 6, 1975, finally granted Iran's demand. Although in theory the treaty was an approach to a peaceful resolution between the two countries, it increased tensions even more. Saddam Hussein perceived the treaty to be humiliating for Iraq and was, therefore, determined to revise it. However, as long as Iran was capable of preponderant political and military forces, Iraq would have to adhere to the treaty."
Abstract An argumentative paper about the risks of genetic engineering on human cloning. The author discusses the concept and its moral, religious and scientific feasibility. The author sways to the negative aspects of human cloning (such as its dangers and moral questions) emphasizing the unnatural aspect of the phenomenon.
From the Paper "Well, you look in the mirror and you see yourself, or look at your brother who was cloned from you. It would be nice to have someone exactly like you, but there are certain things that would be very chaotic. How would having a clone be chaotic? Billy had a brother named David, and David was the clone; and David found out he was cloned from his brother. David felt that he was inferior because he was not naturally created. The individuality that David is entitled to possess is shattered. So, David thinks that since he was not naturally resurrected he would take his life. Does the poor child have to face this life even if it was not his choice to be born by DNA from his brother?"
Abstract A paper which gives a general summary of the connections between Islam, al-Qaeda, and the Taliban, and how terrorists have scarred the public's view of Muslims.
From the Paper "In the media frenzy following the September 11 attacks, it is easy to find a wealth of information on the Taliban, al-Qaeda, and Osama bin Laden. Virtual every newspaper, magazine, and television newscast includes some amount of information concerning Afghanistan. However, wading through the barrage of facts can prove to be overwhelming. With so many facts and figures whirling around, it can be hard to sort through it all. Some Americans who have not kept up on their facts are a little mixed up and have blamed the entire Muslim faith. How did Islam get twisted so badly?"
Abstract This paper examines the controversial legal and political issue of Affirmative Action. The paper provides an historical overview of Affirmative Action and discusses its effectiveness, causes of its reversal, and its myths.
From the Paper "From its beginnings, Taylor and Liss (1992) indicate that Affirmative Action has been highly controversial. Critics charge that Affirmative Action policies violate the constitutional principle that all individuals are equal under the law. Advocates of Affirmative Action respond that effective remedies must exist, likely for some unknown period, to aid groups that have suffered from adverse discrimination in the past. In recent years, Affirmative Action has been a highly controversial legal and political issue. With legislatures, courts, and the public divided over the issue, the actual effectiveness of Affirmative Action remains ambiguous (Taylor & Liss, 1992). "
Tags: african, americans, civil, discrimination, minorities, rights
Abstract This is an argumentative paper about the justification of capital punishment. The paper also examines the different views of capital punishment as well as the pros and cons of eliminating it from society.
From the Paper "In the past, people have invariably felt that if they had been wronged in some way, it was his or her right to take vengeance on the person that had wronged them. This mentality still exists, even today, but in a lesser form because the law has now outlined a person's rights and developed punishments that conform to those rights, yet allow for the retribution for their crime. However, some feel that those laws and punishments are too lax and criminals today take advantage of them knowing very well that the punishments for their crime, whether it be murder, theft, or any other number of criminal activities, will be so negligible that it may be well worth their risk.'
