Abstract This paper attempts to interpret the "San Diego Union-Tribune" October 18, 2002 editorial "In a democracy, silence isn"t golden? written by Colleen M. O?Connor through the ideas of George Orwell in his essay ?Politics and the English Language". It examines Orwell's four types of problems typical to the use of English language specific to political writing: dying metaphors, verbal false limbs, pretentious diction and meaningless words and how they can be applied to O' Conner's article. The theme of the article is the lack of debate regarding the possibility of war with Iraq and this paper shows how through analysis, the problems that Orwell saw in the 1940's have continued and may have grown worse as the 21st century begins.
From the Paper "The next sentence provides an example of Orwell's concern about the excess use of words with many syllables. At the beginning of the sentence we encounter the imprecise word "preponderance" and a long list of incompatible characters described with inconsistent parts of speech. The writer highlights a random combination of people, "partisans", "spokesmen", and "politicians", and things, "corporate propaganda". The compound word "spinmeister" qualifies the type of spokesmen of concern. "Spin" by itself is a poor term, adding the German word "meister" further confuses the reader. A similar list of characters on the opposite side of the discussion is presented in the same confusing manner."
Abstract This paper evaluates affirmative action which has developed as a way of providing opportunity to individuals from previously excluded groups. It provides arguments for and against the so called preferential treatment that elevates minority candidates above other applicants in order to achieve racial or gender balance. It shows how supporters see it as a way of making up for past discrimination such as slavery and its consequences for blacks, racial discrimination for other minorities and gender discrimination for women, while opponents see it as a new form of discrimination, this time directed at a different group.
From the Paper "Another argument in support of affirmative action holds that this is a way of creating racial and gender equity in the future by allowing us to overcome tensions that may exist between groups simply because one group has always been in positions of power while the other has always been subordinate. Education is another way of achieving this, but even within an educational institution, there is a need for the promotion of minorities to show that they can lead:
It's painfully obvious that this nation and this world cannot allow white students to go through higher education without interacting with Blacks in authoritative positions. It is equally clear that predominantly Black colleges cannot accommodate the number of Black students who want and need an education (Giovanni 19)."
From the Paper "The word euthanasia literally means "good death" in the original Greek. In dictionary definitions, euthanasia refers to an easy or painless death. In modern times, the word has been most closely associated with the concept of mercy killing: allowing or helping someone to die who is suffering from an incurable illness. There are two types of euthanasia in actual practice. Active euthanasia involves taking an active role in causing the death of a suffering patient. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, involves simply allowing a terminally ill patient to die by "withholding from the patient drugs, the use of life-support systems, or other life-prolonging medical care" (Heintze 39). This paper will consider the contrasting points of view regarding these two types of euthanasia and will argue in favor of the "good death" in strictly defined cases."
From the Paper "One of the most explosive issues in contemporary America is the issue of gun control. Many questions are asked about this issue, including some on the basic rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Indeed, the issue of gun control has become a war of words over a citizen's right to own and bear arms and the government's authority to regulate them. Both sides of the issue often see the argument in black and white . one side maintains that gun control curtails violent crime; the other insists that it is irrelevant to crime prevention.
At the heart of the gun control issue lies the debate over the constitutional guarantee of a citizen's right to bear arms. This right, ratified in 1791 as the Second Amendment to the Constitution, was hotly debated even in the 18th century (Cross, 1989, pp. 25-47). One must remember, however, that the issue of (...)"
From the Paper ""Out of this Furnace"
The purpose of this paper is to discuss Thomas Bell's 1941 novel Out of This Furnace. This semi-autobiographical work was written by its author without the benefit of formal education, and it derives from other novels with the style of "social realism" such as Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) and Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy (1925).
In summarizing Out of This Furnace it is important to note the generational structure of the book. Bell wants to demonstrate the progress of Djuro Kracha, as he arrives in New York from Hungry. By moving beyond Kracha's marriage to the next generation--his daughter, Mary, who marries Mike Dobrejcak-- Bell is able to show how the immigrants assimilated into the mill towns of Pennsylvania, and they dealt with the inhumane treatment..."
This paper analyzes ethical, public policy and political issues surrounding California Proposition 187's (a measure that denies illegal immigrants access to public education and to all health services save emergency care) passage and its possible effects
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, 1995, $ 63.95
From the Paper "On November 8, 1994, California voters enacted ballot Proposition 187, a measure that denies illegal immigrants access to public education and to all health services save emergency care. The winning margin was 59 percent. Although implementation of the measure was blocked by an injunction on November 16, scarcely a week after the vote, the measure has already had a number of reported effects, ranging from increased racial harassment of Latinos to the failure of an anticipated increase in illegal immigration from the interior of Mexico to materialize, in spite of that country's economic crisis.
More generally, the controversy over Proposition 187, which was only sharpened by passage of the measure, has brought ... "
From the Paper "Outline: The Effect of Global Warming on Storm Systems
Thesis: The emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases may eventually cause global climatic changes that result in storms of increased severity.
I. Global warming has occurred in recent decades.
A. There has been a corresponding increase in the release of anthropogenic greenhouse gases.
B. These gases trap solar radiation and cause an increase in average global temperatures.
C. If current trends continue, by about the year 2030 the world's average temperature could increase by 1.3?C to 2.3?C.
II. Global warming may dramatically affect weather.
A. The impact of global climatic change on weather is ..."
From the Paper "One of the most divisive issues in American politics today is abortion, with strong feelings on both sides and with two unyielding perspectives in direct conflict. The pro-life perspective sees human life as beginning at conception, and therefore any abortion for any reason is considered murder. The pro-choice movement sees the issue as being the right of the woman to control her own body, and for this movement abortion is to be provided on demand, with no governmental controls on the matter at all. While there are some pro-life people who make allowances for abortion under some circumstances, such as when the life of the mother is endangered or in the case of rape or incest, the core of the movement holds abortion as wrong under any circumstances. For millions of people in the middle, abortion is allowable under some circumstances, but some controls ..."
Abstract This paper examines the questions and objections raised by those opposed to the cloning of human beings. It discusses the fact that science is "incomplete" and therefore unable to predict the outcome of cloned humans. It also examines the ethical questions surrounding the topic, including the fact that the souls of cloned humans cannot be copied, only their physical and genetic make-up. Finally, the paper argues that before science attempts to clone humans, it should come up with the answers to the many religious, ethical and moral dilemnas pertaining to the subject.
From the Paper "Another important question to ask is what kind of relationship would the clone have with the donor who is supposed to be acting like a parent? This is not a very good argument. Confidentiality would keep anyone but the parents and the doctors from knowing that the child is a clone. As stated earlier, the parent whom the child was cloned from and the child would not necessarily look alike, at least not any more alike than a child can normally look like a parent, and they would not necessarily act alike. The womb environment and the environment within the first couple of years after birth has such a huge affect on us, that the child may never know he/she was a clone, and, if cloning were perfected, no one would even ever suspect that the child was a clone."
Abstract Gun control is a heated issue in political, social and religious circles. The paper discusses the philosophies and arguments of both camps. It describes how those who favor gun control claim it will stop the senseless murders which are on the increase in American society. The paper argues that although gun control looks good in theory, there are many reasons why it is not a plausible idea such as the fact that it is undemocratic and it will not remove the guns from the hands of criminals. The paper particulary focuses on the way that the issue of gun control has becoming so political in nature over the years.
From the Paper "Gun control proponents have on their side the funding of many environmental groups while the anti gun control camp has the power and funding the National Rifle Association behind them(Cannon, 2000). The teams square off in many arenas including political, educational and moral debates. The Million Mom march was about guns as have been the national rallies held by the NRA at key political times in the nation's history. Each side provides celebrities to help their cause(Cannon, 2000). The NRA has famed actor Charlton Heston who was president of the club for several years and traveled the nation speaking out against gun control, while the gun control advocates have Rosie O"Donnell on their side. Great controversy arose when it was discovered that O"Donnell, has hired and armed body guards for her three children(Cannon, 2000). She promotes gun control however, from the standpoint that the body guards are trained and licensed in the operation of weapons not to mention registered. Regardless of which side one is on in the debate there are points to be won for everyone. When all is said and done however gun control goes against everything this country stands for and therefore would be a mistake of tremendous magnitude(Cannon, 2000)."
Abstract This paper looks at the similarities between child abuse and pornography and the relationship between them. The author explores the world of pornography and its complex relationship to the world of child abuse. Pornography is discussed in detail investigating its effects and whether it createsa predisposition in certain individuals to commit violent sexual acts.
From the Paper "Before delving into an analysis of child abuse, child rape, and child pornography, the issue of pornography itself must be examined. Pornography is an extremely muddy issue. Does sexually explicit material have a detrimental effect on the individual? Does access to pornography contribute to misogynistic tendencies and sexism? Or on a more extreme level, does it create a predisposition in certain individuals to commit violent sexual acts? Indeed, even the definition of pornography is somewhat in dispute.
There are two types of material that are often considered pornographic. In the first type, males or females of an appropriate age are depicted in erotic poses. They are presented as equal partners without subjugation or any sign of violence. This first type of pornography is often referred to as erotica. The Playboy or Penthouse magazines would be an excellent example of this type of pornography that has been developed for males. Conversely, Playgirl magazine or one of the many romance/erotica novels available at local bookstores would be the equivalent for women."
Abstract This paper examines how terrorism is a global problem that most Americans only vaguely recognized prior to September 11th. It looks at the changes in American policy regarding terrorism and what has become known as President Bush's "War on Terror." It examines initiatives undertaken such as freezing terrorist funding and "Operation Enduring Freedom" which dismantled the Al-Qaeda center of operations in Afghani capital city Kabul by expelling the Taliban and taking Qaeda combatants into custody. It evaluates the problems in dismantling international terrorist groups due to networking coordination and implication that the war on terror may be too big to fight in the fashion with which we have thus far pursued it.
From the Paper "After his expulsion from Saudi Arabia in the early 1980?s, bin Laden found a bastion for his views in the arms of the Taliban, hardcore Islamic governing body of Afghanistan. Bin Laden contributed largely to an Afghani resistance of Soviet incursion both from his own inheritance, an amount disputed to be anywhere between thirty and three hundred million, and with Reagan administration assistance, both in terms of finance and arms. Since that time, Al Qaeda has steadily grown in influence and economic strength. A rising Third-World disenfranchisement from and distaste for imperialist Western foreign policies has incited a healthy dose of international animosity, which in many ways is centered in the oft slighted Moslem populations of the world."
Abstract This paper presents an extensive review of literature and concludes that there is a lack of conclusive scientific studies about the nutritional status of genetically modified foods. The author states that the industry is still in its infancy with lot of media attention and claims with no clinical validation. The author concludes that the need for further research in this area is seemingly endless, but the first step is to identify the markers needed to measure the dependent and independent variables.
From the Paper "One popular recent study claims that it has produced oil seed crops, which contain elevated levels of omega fatty acids, the same nutrients that make fish oil beneficial to the heart; at least this is how the mass media reported it. The real study, however, did not wish to infer that eating or cooking with their seeds would reduce the amount to fatty acids in humans. The product was being developed for the pharmaceutical industry. In this study genes that cause high concentrations of Omega-6 fatty acids in tobacco were transferred to borage seeds in an attempt to boost omega-6 levels in borage seeds."
Abstract This paper looks at whether affirmative action policies remain relevant today, with a particular focus on racial minorities such as African-Americans and Latinos. In the first part, the paper defines affirmative action, traces the policies’ history and examines their goals. The second part is a critical examination of the arguments of affirmative action supporters. The third part studies the arguments against affirmative action by evaluating both the policies’ effectiveness and their deleterious consequences for African-Americans and other racial minorities. In the conclusion, this paper maintains that though they were instituted with the best of intentions, current affirmative action policies are ineffective against addressing racial discrimination and have even had harmful effects on the people they were intended to help.
From the Paper "This classical definition of affirmative action as preferential treatment has since spawned more contentious definitions. Opponents of affirmative action, such as law professor Lino Graglia thus characterizes affirmative action as "a euphemism for discrimination: the granting of preference to some individuals and therefore disfavoring of others on the basis of their race" (47). In this paper, affirmative action is defined neutrally as any policy or effort to facilitate racial integration in society by developing more opportunities in education and employment to people who have traditionally been at the margins of social, economic and political life due to social perception stemming from their gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, or disabilities."
Abstract Discussion of the Netherlands as the most euthanasia friendly country in the world. Sanctions of euthanasia in 1975. Its legalization in 2001. Guidelines. Outlines the practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands. Impact of euthanasia's official acceptance on Dutch society. Problems regarding patient consent. Argues that euthanasia is morally reprehensible.
From the Paper "Euthanasia, or physician-assisted suicide as it is called in the United States, is one of the most divisive issues in medicine. From its proscription in the Hippocratic oath to its concealed practice throughout much of the world, euthanasia has been a sensitive and much discussed topic. In the U.S. the most infamous advocate of euthanasia has been Dr. Jack Kevorkian, and his struggles with the law have reverberated throughout the nation. The Netherlands, however, owns the distinction of being the most euthanasia friendly country in the world. On April 10, 2001 the Dutch Senate enacted the world's first law legalizing Euthanasia (CNN.com). This paper will outline the practice of Euthanasia as it has been applied in the Netherlands and argue that euthanasia is not only a morally reprehensible form of suicide but also has dangerously corrosive effects on society."
