Abstract The different types of stem cell research involve the use of human eggs - and embryos - as intermediates and are at the center of controversy as to whether it should be considered human life. Recent advances are attempting to produce non-embryonic stem cells as well as address the said issue. This paper discusses the nature of stem cells, what they are, how they are produced and the issues surrounding them.
From the Paper "Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop and proliferate into more specialized cells such as neurons or skin cells. These specialized somatic cells comprise the different tissues and organs of the human body. The cloning process currently in use involves the use of the cellular machinery of an egg cell and the genetic material encoded in the nucleus of a somatic cell called somatic cell nuclear transplant (SCNT). First, the egg cell is secured to stabilize it. A needle is inserted into the egg to extract the nucleus and DNA."
Abstract This paper discusses how historically the concept of the single parent family in the United States has led to the belief that when one individual attempts to raise a child there will be hardships and family failure. This is contended because of the reliance of the family on one income and the dual roles that many single parents are forced to play in raising their children. Single mothers act as caregiver disciplinarian financial head of household and housekeeper. The paper further discusses how in addition to these responsibilities most single moms have full-time jobs, and statistics indicate that the majority of single mothers in the country receive no financial support from fathers. Yet, despite the abundance of negative elements that may be possible in the world of the single parent, there is an absolute possibility of success for the single parent to raise a family in this country.
Abstract This paper reviews the debate swirling around affirmative action. In particular, the paper argues that affirmative action contains more benefits than debits and that at least some of the arguments put forward in opposition to it can be successfully rebutted by the available evidence. Specifically, the paper reviews the commonplace criticisms that affirmative action diminishes professional standards and also exacerbates racist and/or sexist attitudes towards certain groups. The paper concludes that the reasons in support of affirmative action are plausible and convincingly supported by the literature.
From the Paper "For a very long time now, American society has been attempting to come up with a means of ensuring access to higher education and to lucrative jobs for minorities and for women. The most controversial of all the means used has been affirmative action, an approach which has increased the percentage of women and minorities in managerial and professional occupations ("Myth: Affirmative Action Hasn't Worked" n.d.) but has done so, critics charge, by placing people in positions for which they are ill-prepared and/or by discriminating against people simply on the basis of gender or race. Consequently, every failure by someone boosted into a position of authority by affirmative action may actually feed negative stereotypes about the group to which that individual belongs and lead to calls that merit is the greatest victim of affirmative action policies."
Abstract This paper explores the controversial issue of the death penalty. The author presents the pros and cons of this topic in a list format and also gives a history of capital punishment. Also discussed are alternatives to the death penalty and how differing segments of society view this issue. The paper also considers the financial implications of the death penalty, especially as it relates to the court system. The paper concludes by stating that an opinion on this issue must be based on research.
Outline:
Introduction
Capital Punishment: Death Penalty
History of Death Penalty
The Pros and Cons of Death Penalty
Death Penalty Alternatives
Cost
4 Issues of the Death Penalty
Deterrence
Arbitrariness
Retribution
Wrongful Convictions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Death Penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, is the lawful execution of a prisoner as a punishment for serious crime, often called capital offense. Being one of the controversial topics in the United States and all over the world, I decided to have my interests focused on doing a research about this topic. "
"As you read along, you might encounter topics that you will find critical. Bear in mind that I am doing this research not to influence your thoughts on this sensitive issue. Each one is still entitled to his opinion in the end. What I would like is to help my readers broaden their knowledge on death penalty by understanding its history and developments. And explore further by presenting the pros and cons behind it, available alternatives, different points of views of the different sectors in the society and the common issues tackled."
Tags: death, penalty, capital, punishment, wrongful, convictions, court, system
Abstract This paper explains the harmful effects of illegal immigration on the United States' economy. The author presents evidence to support his claim that illegal immigrants affect the economy in a negative way. It then suggests ways to limit those effects and describes the most effective ways for the government to deal with this ongoing problem.
From the Paper "One of the many ways illegal immigrants harm our nation is by using our government services. Each year, more and more undocumented aliens are coming to our country to get free education, health care, protection (fire and police departments), and other services, such as ESL (English as a Second Language) without paying taxes. It is estimated that eighty-six percent of all school-aged illegal immigrants attend public schools (Huddle 76). Undocumented foreigners also make up seventeen percent of all inmates in prison, costing us money to pay for their keep (Elsner). This would not bother me if these immigrants were paying for their services."
Abstract This paper outlines an evaluation plan for a teen pregnancy prevention program and lists all the program objectives of the teen pregnancy prevention program. The paper explains that the purpose of the program evaluation is to ensure that immediate, intermediate and long-term goals of the program are met. The paper also points out that the results of the evaluation are used to further improve the program effectiveness in achieving optimal outcomes. The paper also explains that the prevalent outcome of the program is to reduce teen age pregnancy through education, support, and involvement of the stakeholders such as parents, teachers, and peers.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Evaluation of Teen Pregnancy
Challenges of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Evaluation
The Logic Model
Benefits of Using a Logic Model
Conclusion
From the Paper "Planned Parenthood designed the logic model as a tool for visualizing new programs and preparing for evaluation. The objective of a teen pregnancy prevention program closely mirrors the format of a logic model. According to Julia Kohn of Planned Parenthood, a logic model is a visual representation of a program. It provides a simple description of the program theory and shows the relationship of what we put in (inputs), what we do (outputs), and what results (outcomes). A logical model depicts the "if-then" sequence of changes that a program intends to affect. The logic model is the core of program planning and evaluation. (Kohn 2008)."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the practice of affirmative action, with reference to America's history of discrimination and the Civil Rights movement, from America's beginnings to the present day.
From the Paper "Affirmative action is not a cure at all. It will not eliminate racial discrimination, nor will it eliminate competition the good jobs. Affirmative action programs can only ensure that everyone has a fair chance at what is available. I believe, the larger question to ask is: why are there not enough decent paying, challenging, and safe jobs for everyone? Why are there not enough seats in the universities for everyone who wants an education?"
Abstract This paper analyzes the problem of overpopulation of the human race. The paper focuses on problems of environmental destruction and human consumption and waste production, as well as ways to reduce the human birth rate.
From the Paper "While we humans are growing aware of the need to protect the earth, we are in denial about the main cause of environmental crises: there are too many of us. The problem is that we are exceeding the carrying capacity of our environment. We all must initiate achievable solutions to overpopulation immediately to eliminate the consequences that are occurring at this very moment. An examination of human population growth shows how it has unfavorably affected the environment and offers practical answers to this very complex problem."
Abstract This paper deals with the new attempts to secure airports and airlines after the Sept. 11th attacks. The author argues that passenger safety is more important than the personal rights of any one person. Invasive searches, therefore, are understandable.
From the Paper "With the recent attacks on the US via airline highjacking with box cutters, travelers are questioning airport security standards. It has been suggested that every bag be searched thoroughly for potential weapons. This may be a direct violation of personal privacy but it is in the best interest of citizens across the world. As William Booth and Sara Kehaulani Goo report in the Washington Post Newspaper article entitled Travelers Adjust to New Airline Rules, "some [travelers] wished for even more security measures" (Booth and Goo A1). Items as simple as eyelash curlers, nail files, and spray can deodorant are being confiscated each day in numbers totaling over 5,000 (Booth and Goo A9). To some, this is a hassle but to others this is not enough. These items may be considered dangerous or could lead to fear or serious harm to passengers on airplanes. However, the obvious solution is simple, public safety comes first before any shred of dignity, privacy, or respect."
Abstract This paper provides a detailed description of how the process of cloning is completed. The author discusses the benefits of cloning to our society, as well as the disadvantages. The final section includes the author's own biased conclusion based on his/her research.
From the Paper "Genetic cloning is a scientific practice that will affect our lives for generations to come. Is our society ready for such drastic changes in medicine? Will our government be able to develop legislation that will satisfy both people "for" and "against" cloning? This is perhaps the biggest scientific breakthrough of the century and will surface even more as this practice becomes more popular. Genetic cloning causes more debates and more dilemmas than any other practice in history."
