Abstract This paper examines immigration to American in the early to mid-nineteenth century and looks at the causes and consequences of it from a historical, economic, political and geographic perspective. It describes the different periods and the different countries the immigrants came from and the variety of reasons why people from all over the Old World chose to come to America to start a new life for themselves. It outlines the development of various immigration laws and organizations over the years, which regulated immigration and excluded immigrants from particular countries which culminated in what is now known as the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).
From the Paper "There was a variety of reasons why people from all over the Old World chose to come to America to start a new life for themselves. These reasons are known as either "push" factors or "pull" factors. War, unemployment, and famine are examples of push factors. The ability to get cheap, fertile new land in America was a pull factor. "To many, probably the majority, economic freedom made an even greater appeal than political freedom" (Hansen, p. 160)."
Abstract This paper is a proposal for a research study which will attempt to examine the evidence that supports the motives of the terrorist organizations around the world to conduct terrorism on a global basis. It outlines how the study will be exploratory in nature, primarily through various government reports and reports of Embassy's around the world and how the research will explore a number of terrorism incidents, their patterns, the major groups involved, financing connections and the use of improved communications as a means to coordinate attacks. It encompasses terrorism data from 1992 through the year 2002.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Rationale for Study
Scope of Study
Thesis and Research Objectives
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Overview of Preliminary Research
Chapter 3
Methods
Chapter Four
Findings
Timeline
Works Cited
From the Paper "Terrorism is politically motivated violence against persons who are not combatants in a conflict. Americans have always been targeted while in other countries, but on September 11, 2001, they also became the direct recipients of terrorist activities. The goal of these activities is to promote a sense of fear and deep insecurity. Terrorists strike those who are not combat ready. The victims are nor trained soldiers, they are ordinary citizens. These attacks often come without warning, in an attempt to invoke the greatest amount of fear (Wilcox, 1996). Terrorism attempts to undermine the citizen's faith in their government's ability to protect them. Terrorists use intimidation as their primary weapon to induce fear in a society."
Abstract This essay examines the history of immigration and presents a time sequence of cultures immigrating to the United States. It also analyzes the challenges each group encountered and what impact they had on this country. Also discussed are the pros and cons of immigration and the furture of immigration.
From the Paper "One thing that makes the United States different from any other country in the world, is that all the people who live here are immigrants or descendants of immigrants. The reasons people emigrate from other countries is that the United States offers opportunity and a chance for growth and economic gain. In addition, many were driven by war, famine, economic hardship, persecution and environmental changes."
An examination of Peter Singer's book "Writings on an Ethical Life" and his view on abortion. The paper explains that Peter Singer has been hailed as the most influential living philosopher and ethicist.
1,907 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 60.95
Abstract This paper focuses on Singer's application of the principle of utility to the ethics of abortion. The first part of the paper discusses how Singer refined the utilitarian principles popularly associated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill to his own principle of preference utilitarianism. The second part examines how Singer applies this preference utilitarianism to conclude that abortion is completely moral and ethical. The last section is a critical examination of Singer's utilitarian approach to abortion, as he articulates in the book "Writings on an Ethical Life."
From the Paper "Recognizing the difficulty of measuring pleasure or happiness, Singer instead proposes a principle of utility based on interests. He writes that "my own interests cannot, simply because they are my interests, count more than the interests of anyone else" (16). Instead of acting according to our own self-interests, Singer calls on people to take on a universal point of view. In essence, one's own interests and ideas matter only when seen in their consequence to everyone else's interests. Singer calls this view ?preference utilitarianism.?"
Abstract This paper outlines the Napster lawsuit while providing a brief summary of copyright protection laws and legislation. It explores the concept of file sharing technology in general and how this related to Napster Inc. in particular. It takes a look at the Napster court case and all the details surrounding this legal issue. It concludes with an examination of the RIAA's (Recording Industry Association of America) response to copyright infringement.
From the Paper "In today's information based world, one confrontational issue is the idea of copyright protection and how it is applied to the Internet. With the invention of the Internet and the World Wide Web, sharing files and intellectual properties amongst thousands if not millions of people became much easier. However, one problem that has been associated with this mass distribution of copyright material is the question of who holds the sole ownership of these intellectual properties. Recently, file sharing utilities such as Imesh, Scour, and most notably Napster have come under fire for infringing on copyright laws and regulations. One important ethical and legal question that has been raised is, who holds the rights to these properties. On the plaintiffs side they argue that the original creator of these intellectual properties holds the copyright and is the only one that can determine how and where these properties will be used. On the defendants side they argue that they are nothing more than a file sharing utility. Napster states that they provide a service to people to share files. Napster's argument is that they cannot be held responsible if their users engage in illegal copyright infringement and that Napster should not be held liable. However the Recording industry of America feels that Napster is nothing more than a tool, which makes the lucrative industry of copyright infringement easier."
Abstract This paper presents the two main arguments in favor of the death penalty which are the theory of deterrence and the "eye-for-an-eye" premise. The paper also explains the view point of those who oppose the death penalty. It explains that they generally argue that the death penalty does not deter people from committing serious crimes such as murder, and that people will not stop committing serious crimes such as murder out of fear of the death penalty. Those who oppose the death penalty often argue that its vengeance is a pointless motivation for punishment because it brings no real feeling of solace to the families of victims.
From the Paper "Whether the death penalty deters crime is a point on both sides of the death penalty debate. Those in favor of the death penalty argue that it deters crime, while those who are against it argue that it does not. From a utilitarian standpoint, deterrence is the most important element of the debate because there is no reason to have the death penalty if it has social benefit.
I do not believe it has any deterrent effect, and there is scant evidence to support that it does. More importantly, the death penalty has historically been applied in an uneven manner, with African-Americans and other minorities unfairly receiving the death penalty disproportionately."
Abstract Discussion of the large number of innocent people sentenced to death in Florida, then exonerated and freed. Florida's Death Penalty Reform Act of 2000. Examples of wrongful convictions. Death penalty in other States. Division between Northern and Southern states. High number of African Americans on death row. Death penalty vs. life without parole.
From the Paper "The Death Penalty in Florida
Introduction:
Florida leads the nation in the number of innocent people sentenced to death, then exonerated and freed. Since the U.S. Supreme Court allowed the resumption of the death penalty in 1976, Florida has reversed the convictions of 20 Death Row inmates, more than any other state in the nation. In 1999, 75 percent of the death.penalty cases brought before the appeals court were overturned. (Goering, 2000, B2) In fact, the death penalty does not serve the public interest of real justice, for Florida or anywhere else.
REVISION TO THE DEATH PENALTY LAWS:
Florida has by far the largest number of Death Row cases where an inmate was granted a new trial either because prosecutors..."
Abstract Examines the death penalty & its impact on African Americans. Discusses which States have the death penalty; the ratio of African Americans to other races on death row. Ratio of African Americans to other races put to death in Capital Punishment states. Concludes blacks are disproportiantly executed or sentenced to death compares to whites. Charts of statistics.
From the Paper "This research examines the death penalty in the US, especially its impact on African-Americans. The research will set forth the context in which the issue of capital punishment has met the experience of African-Americans, and then discuss the states that have the death penalty, the ratio of African-Americans to other races on death row in each state, and the ratio of African-Americans to other races put to death in each capital-punishment state in the last 10 years.
To understand the impact of the death penalty on African-Americans in recent years it is necessary to examine the structure of capital punishment that has emerged in recent American history, which in significant part has organized itself around the impact of racism on civil society. Historically, nonwhites were likely to receive death-penalty sentences and were..."
Abstract Technical discussion of toxic properties of various weapons. Purpose of producing physiological or physical effects on enemy forces. Modern origin in use of mustard gas in World War I. Describes blistering agents (vesicants), nerve gas, VX, Soman, B2, toxins and allergens. Treaties to prevent use of chemical weapons. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993.
From the Paper "Chemical weapons use the toxic properties of chemicals to produce physical or physiological effects, usually on enemy forces during wars (FAS-Introduction, 2001). Although they have been used throughout history, chemical weapons are thought of as originating during World War I with the use of mustard gas by both sides. In 1925, the Geneva Protocol was signed which prohibited the use of chemical weapons in warfare, but several nations who signed the pact, including the United States, did so with the proviso that they reserved the right to retaliate in kind if chemical weapons were used against them. Neither side used chemical weapons during World War II. Common agents in use are: the blood agents arsine, cyanogen chloride and hydrogen chloride; the choking agents chlorine, diphosgene, PFIB and phosgene; nerve agents GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), GE, GF, V..."
Abstract This paper evaluates the cost of terrorism from a global perspective. The writer examines the cost of terrorism, specifically those of September 11th. He then evaluates other terrorist threats that currently exist around the world and defends the United States? current position on pre-emptive attacks on nations deemed supporters of terrorism.
From the Paper "Economic costs of terrorism pail in comparison to the loss of human life. However, economic hardships that have been sustained as a result of terrorism are very real as well. The cost of the Word Trade Centers and surrounding buildings was over 21 billions dollars. That cost ends up being paid by the various companies that insured the twin towers. As a result of such large claims placed against them, many insurers are raising rates. Specifically, high-risk facilities such as Seattle's Space Needle and the Empire State Building may face insurance premiums hikes of over 50%. This raises the aggregate cost of doing business for the firms and individuals who own those buildings. Therefore, as insurers raise rates for all commercial properties rise, we expect to see a reduction in expansion rates for new office buildings. It may be difficult for firms to find and pay for highly desirable urban office space in the near future if this trend continues."
Abstract This paper explores the definition and meaning of terrorism in the wake of September 11. The writer looks at the origins of terrorism, not only as a modern day phenomenon but its occurrence throughout history. The paper also explores terrorism's roots, be it international terrorism, religious based, or domestic terrorism such as the Unabomber and the Oklahoma city attack. The writer focuses on terrorism on American soil, but refers to terrorist attacks in the past throughout the world as well.
From the Paper "Terrorism, both within the United States and abroad, changed complexion after the mid-1960s, with broader ramifications and greater impact. Several elements combined to make international terrorism easier and more effective: technological advances, resulting in both greater destructiveness and smaller size of weapons; the means available to terrorists for quick movement and rapid communication; and the extensive worldwide connections of the chosen victims."
Tags: terrorist, oklahoma, world, trade, center, arab, militant, hijack, biological, weapons
Abstract The author of this paper presents the argument for censorship on the internet, with a definite lean towards the negative side of the argument. The writer believes that those who try to censor the internet have in fact aimed their weapons at the wrong enemy. The paper explains the difference between the internet and the world wide web, with the internet being an older larger infrastructure and the www simply being a small part of its functionality. The writer therefore concludes that in fact it is not the internet which needs censoring but the aspects which belong on the web.
From the Paper "The sides are divided unequally in the continuing debate over "should we, or shouldn"t we?? And the choice of these two authors to argue against was based not because of the weakness of their arguments, or the irrationality of their defenses, but simply because they proved to be the least offensive of the readings offered in the particular section of the textbook."
Tags: technology, hitech, world, wide, web, pornography, communication
Abstract The word "family" typically conjures up the image of an ideal household of two parents of opposite sex and their children. The paper shows that gay men and lesbians who seek to legalize their relationships in same-sex unions or gain custody of their children often face an uphill battle in their effort to form a family. Although gay men and lesbians merely want to exercise the rights enjoyed by heterosexual couples, conservatives view their effort to legalize same-sex unions as a campaign as a strategy to spread the practice of homosexuality and thus affect public morality. The paper shows that essentially, for the conservatives, the traditional definition of a family that has endured for over 6,000 years is at stake.
From the Paper "Various studies comparing the parenting styles of homosexual and heterosexual parents and the children's development in homosexual and heterosexual households have not been able to validate stereotypical conceptions of homosexual partners as inadequate parents. In fact, the studies frequently show that gay men and lesbians display a greater capacity for parenting (McNeill 3). Furthermore, studies on parent-children relationships have shown that gay fathers are more sensitive towards their children and try harder to be a better parent because of their own experiences (McNeill 7). Ultimately, these studies corroborate the fact that there are many same-sex couples who lead responsible and monogamous lives. The stereotypical perception of gay men and lesbians essentially denies the existence of committed same-sex couples who have formed a "family" for years, like many other heterosexual families."
Abstract This paper states that PTSD is an anxiety disorder, which has its origins in the psychological reactions to a traumatic event, perceived by the individual as being traumatic. The paper says that, while PTSD can occur at any age, younger people are especially susceptible because they have developed fewer strategies for coping with severe stress and that the future psychological development of adolescent PTSD victims is jeopardized by the condition. The author concludes that a multi-faceted treatment program, administered as soon as the trauma is identified, is the best response to prevent and repair the harm to the individual.
From the Paper "Diagnosis is complex; a range of criteria must be present in order to diagnose PTSD accurately. Early intervention can help to mediate the impact of trauma, as can factors in the individual's life, including personal resilience and social support. Trauma can also be aggravated by the presence of other stressors and the context in which the trauma occurs, and effective treatment must address all of the factors surrounding the trauma."
Abstract The issue examined in this research is the impact of immigration on domestic labor markets in the United States. Specific interests of this research are the impacts of immigration on the employment opportunities for women and minorities. The greater part of this current research consists of a review of the literature relevant to the issue investigated. Included in this research also, however, is a proposed research design for an empirical investigation of the issue.
I. Introduction
A. Issue Examined: Effects of Immigration on Domestic Labor Markets.
B. Focus of Examination: Women and Minorities.
C. Presentation Plan.
II. Literature Review.
A. Globalization and Transnational Migration.
B. United States as a Destination Country.
III. Proposed Empirical Research.
A. Justification for Empirical Research.
B. Research Questions: 18 questions.
C. Period of Analysis: 15 years (1986 to 2000).
D. Data Type: Secondary.
E. Analytical Procedure: Regression Analysis.
IV. References.
From the Paper "In the contemporary period, more than at any time in the past, migration is a global phenomenon. In search of employment, higher wages, educational opportunities for themselves and their children, and to escape from persecution and violence, millions of people cross international borders each year. Over one hundred million people now live in a country other than that of their birth, and millions of these immigrants maintain their ethnic identities in their adopted countries (Weiner, 1996).
In industrialized societies on average, non-citizens now typically constitute more than five-percent of the population. These large and typically visible immigrant populations are a cause of concern for both governments and their citizens. These concerns lead to questions such as: Do immigrants benefit the economy, taking unwanted jobs and providing needed skills; or Do immigrants displace indigenous workers and burden public resources in their adopted countries (Weiner, 1996)?"
