Abstract This essay will argue, this role was not simply one of "hawk" or "dove". Rather, Robert Kennedy's position - as did the position of many in Washington in those days - moved depending upon what decision appeared to offer the most "room" to negotiate among a group of generally negative options. However, it was in his extra-constitutional role as an "extension" of the President's will that Robert Kennedy played a dominant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis in three respects. His "negotiations" with the Soviets - often unofficial and conducted outside the usual channels of diplomacy - ensured the maintenance of lines of communication between Moscow and Washington in this crucial time.
Abstract An examination of the life of Mohandas Gandhi, his philosophy of non-violence, his religious views, his achievements and his legacy as one of the greatest leaders of the twentieth century. The author discusses Gandhi's vital role in the Indian independence movement, provides a brief historical, religious, and political overview of India, examines factors relating to British imperialism in India, and examines political developments and challenges in India since independence was won from Great Britain in 1947.
Abstract This paper discusses the anti-communist drive in 1940s and 50s, which is referred to as McCarthyism because of the involvement of Senator Joseph McCarthy in the campaign. This crusade waged against any person with even a remote connection with the communist idea had a major impact on the lives of Americans.
Abstract This paper is a critique and reaction statement to the non-fiction book "The Kingdom of Matthias: A Story of Sex and Salvation in 19th-Century America", by Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz. This book focuses on the events in 1834-1836, where a man calling himself "Matthias the Prophet" began an underground religious cult in New York City that focused on sex and the deprecation of women.
Abstract This piece is asurvey of Napoleon's military career, written in non-technical terms for an undergraduate audience. The piece first describes Napoleon's early successes as the leader of several artillery regiments, followed by an impressive squelching of an insurgency which threatened the French Directory. The narrative then discusses Napoleon's ability to, with a small, efficient, and tightly controlled army, isolate and conquer France's enemies by building strategic alliances and removing dissent. Napoleon's growing ambition to control Europe when he became Emperor, his inability to enforce his own economic policies, his failure to control large armies, and his growing arrogance are described as causing the eventual downfall of this brilliant but flawed military strategist.
Abstract This six-page undergraduate paper examines the role of Simon Bolivar in the war of independence that South Americans waged against the Spanish in the 19th century.
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the Vietnam War with both World War I and World War II. It will explain how these wars were similar in causes, reasons for participation, military tactics and propaganda and winners and losers.
Abstract This paper is a comparison of the Presidencies of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson. It contends that Jefferson introduced political parties and the political structures of the American national government while Jackson introduced actual Democracy to the nation. It concludes that while each were remarkable in their Presidencies, it is Jackson's which has had the most lasting of impacts.
Abstract This paper is a critical analysis of the Solzhenitsyn story, "Matryona's House". It looks at the symbolism heavily at work within the story that ties the past and future of Russia together within the character of Matryona. The paper discusses the symbols of destruction, the meaning of Matryona herself, and the representations of the past and future of communism in the Soviet Union.
Abstract This paper examines how the three great civilizations of Persia, Greece and Rome relied heavily on the strength and success of their armies. It looks at how each nation, during its time of reign, trained and equipped their armies to better their chances on the battlefield. It discusses how the Persians with their vast numbers of troops armed with bows and sword and how he Greeks and Romans with their superior weapons and war strategies, earned the reputation of the most feared and respected armies in the known world.
From the Paper "A large portion of the foundations of any successful army relied upon the type of weapons each soldier was armed with and how effective the arms were against the enemy. It did not take long for an army equipped with the best weaponry and siege weapons to completely slay an entire opposition that was armed with mere sticks and clubs. During their reign of power, the Romans had over time devised new weaponry technology, which continued to make their weapons ever increasingly more effective killing machines in battles. Each legionary was equipped with a spear amongst their other surplies and tools."
Tags: advantages, battles, civilisations, history, others, over, stratergies, time, weapons
Abstract This paper examines the political and social structure in the late 1920s and early 1930s in Germany that led to Hitler's rise. It also discusses external factors that led to his image and success.
From the Paper "Germany suffered from many problems that set the stage for Hitler and his Nazi party. The country suffered a devastating depression, which led to an increase in unemployment. The worst time during the depression was when, "one in three of the working population was out of work" (54). The already weak Weimar Republic of Germany suffered greatly during this time. The last coalition of the Republic collapsed over the cost of rising unemployment benefits (54-56)."
Abstract This paper explains the political build-up to the Cuban Missile Crisis and discusses how, even though this event lasted only 13 days, it had long-term ramifications. The writer discusses how the crisis reformed the relationships between the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the United States.
From the Paper "The events of October 1962 have been recognized internationally under three different terms: "Cuban Missile Crisis" by the United States (U.S.); "Caribbean Crisis" by the former Soviet Union; and "Crisis of October" by Cuba. The entire incident, which lasted thirteen days, was the culmination of a series of American and Soviet actions. In this era the United States and the Soviet Union were the worlds leading powers, each with unique global interests. In the early 1960's the United States lead the international community in developing and deploying strategic missiles; basing them in countries such as Turkey which is less than 240 kilometers from Soviet borders. As a means of countering the U.S. measures, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev placed intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Cuba, which once operational would have the ability to produce a nuclear attack on the U.S. These actions were also a means of protecting Cuba from any United States invasions, such as the failed attempt of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 (Sorenson). On October 16, 1962 the United States government learned of the installations in Cuba and their potential to be operational within days. Regardless of the Soviet Unions denial of their existence the news sparked intense policy debate among the U.S. government. The next thirteen days saw the use of diplomatic and military efforts from both sides in an attempt to resolve the conflict."
Tags: conflict, america, nuclear, bay, pigs, Khrushchev, cuba
Abstract The paper describes the magnificence of the Ancient Greek culture, including the architectural, intellectual, and political development of that great civilization. The countless achievements of the Greeks and their influence on Western civilizations are discussed.
From the Paper "Many are the reasons that helped Ancient Greece become what it was during the Golden Age. Located on the crossroads between Europe, Africa and Asia, Greece managed to take the best of all cultures that passed through its territories and was influenced by cultures as far away as Egypt, Syria, Phoenicia and others. These influences, combined with the rich Mycenaean and Minoan heritage along with a good political system helped Ancient Greece in reaching the Golden Age."
Abstract This paper provides a brief time-line of the history of the development of the current prison system. It begins with the methods used by the Quakers in the early settlement days and how these methods were adapted with the growth of the population. It discusses how the system was finally centralized and turned into a government body and how it developed into the organization it is today.
From the Paper "The Department of Corrections is an agency that is responsible for the supervisions and management of convicted felons. This Department allows the protection of the community by maintaining secure facilities that keep offenders under firm supervision. It is this Department that maintains the safety of our society.
The history of the Department of Corrections in the United States dates back as far as the mid-1600?s. At the time, the general punishments for crime were brutal and bloody, often ending in death. The Quakers sought to end the bloodshed by creating a new punishment. Thus, they began to substitute imprisonment for the violence (Clear & Cole, 2003)."
Abstract This paper looks at how effectively Hitler managed to use manipulation to build the Third Reich and the extent to which the German public believed and supported Hitler's propaganda. Examples of Hitler's genius at manipulating emotions are discussed, and the man largely responsible for Hitler's successful propaganda, Dr. Joseph Goebbels, is also discussed. The media, military displays, censorship, intimidation, symbolism, and extreme awareness of public responses are all mentioned as techniques employed by the Nazi propaganda machine.
From the Paper "The amazing thing about the propaganda of the Nazis was both the extent to which it was successful and the extent to which it was supported. No one can dispute that Hitler was a master of manipulating the people's emotions, and he arrived at a time when the people of Germany were struggling to find purpose in the post-war environment. The Weimar Republic was wracked with debt repayments and the infant democracy had nothing to stand on in terms of tradition and respect from the common people."
Tags: germany, goebbels, hitler, nazi, nazis, propaganda, reich, third, war, world
