From the Paper "Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: A Book Review
This paper will review Sarah B. Pomeroy's scholarly work, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves. Pomeroy's book is a social history of Greek and Roman women, beginning with the role women played in ancient Greek mythology in the Bronze Age as well as at the time when the ancient city of Troy fell. The book ends after examining the role that women played in both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and ends during the time of the early Empire, in approximately 565 A.D. According to the author, her book is unique because it is the only comprehensive comparison of women in classical antiquity which has been written in the English language (x). This paper will show that Romen women had more opportunities to participate in the cultural, political, and economic.."
From the Paper "John Hersey's Hiroshima first appeared as a magazine article in The New Yorker. This was the first time the entire editorial content of that magazine had been devoted to a single article, showing how important the work was considered at the time (Toland 3). The book was published a few months later. It is an example of war reporting in depth, and it provided the public with the first full account of the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, only a year or so after the event. In this book, Hersey focuses on six people who survived the bomb. Their stories and reactions to what they saw enable the writer to expand beyond the six to tell the story of the city as a whole and to place the reader on the spot when the bomb was dropped and in the aftermath of that event.
The book is reportage, but it cannot help but depict the.."
Critical review of account of causes & effects of massacres of half a million Tutsis by Hutus. Examines the international reaction as compared to other genocides.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, 1999, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Alain Destexhe, in Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, describes the massacres of half a million Tutsis in Rwanda, places that genocide in its historical context, explains how such a holocaust could occur just fifty years after Hitler, and calls for punishment of the guilty by an international tribunal to forestall another genocide in the future. The book is brief but powerful, leaving the clear impression that what has happened in Rwanda is truly among the three most horrible mass murders in the century. The author is relentless in focusing on the fact that the international community allowed this horror to occur, did little to stop it, funnelled its efforts into largely after-the-fact humanitarianism, and failed to punish the guilty and thus deter future genocide. The author suggests that the world has learned little from the genocides of the Armenians and..."
From the Paper " This study will examine Tang Dynasty law and courtroom procedures, focusing on the use of torture as a legal tactic, as described in Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee, translated by Robert Van Gulik. Van Gulik, translating this work in 1949, takes an extraordinarily understanding attitude toward his subject, which would seem to call more for horror. The Tang system of justice held that the defendant could not be found guilty without confessing, and if he would not confess, then he had to be tortured until he confessed. In fact, from the moment the defendant enters the courtroom, he has to kneel down on the bare floor in front of the bench, and remain this way for the duration of the case. Everything is calculated to impress the defendant with his own insignificance (xviii)."
From the Paper " Biography is an art rather than a science, and it is influenced by the attitudes of the historian writing the biography, the limits of his or her knowledge of the subject, the evidence that has been amassed, and often by political considerations which might shape how a figure is depicted. Different pictures of a figure can emerge from different biographies for these and other reasons. Two biographies of Julius Caesar from the classical era show different views of the Roman leader, that of Plutarch in his Lives and of Suetonius in The Lives of the Twelve Caesars.
In the Roman era, much of Greek literature and culture was either adopted or held up as an example even though the Romans had a different worldview in many ways. The gods of Greece were carried over into the Roman pantheon, though the names and some.."
From the Paper "Political, social, and artistic changes on a vast scale make the reign of Constantine the Great and, indeed, the entire fourth century the most confusing era in the history of Roman art. The fortuitous survival of the Arch of Constantine--with its historic relationship to the rise of Christianity as the state religion--has made this monument the focus of many questions about the emergence of the distinctly unclassical style that was eventually identified with the new religion. The Arch featured various classical sculptural elements taken from monuments of earlier reigns in addition to contemporary carving in the new style. Though there is little agreement among scholars as to the precise stylistic significance of the new style as represented on the Arch and the form in which it was eventually manifested as Christian art, it is clear that the Arch of Constantine stands at.."
Abstract The Fifteenth Century was a period of import in art, philosophy, political thought, and literature as the Renaissance developed power and altered the way man was viewed against the backdrop of the universe. Much of what began in the Fifteenth Century would flower in the Sixteenth Century.
From the Paper "The Fifteenth Century was a period of import in art, philosophy, political thought, and literature as the Renaissance developed power and altered the way man was viewed against the backdrop of the universe. Much of what began in the Fifteenth Century would flower in the Sixteenth Century. Both Machiavelli and Erasmus were born in the Fifteenth Century but would not produce their great works until the beginning of the Sixteenth, though they were clearly shaped by the Fifteenth and the forces then developing. The century was a time of contrasts between the richest and the poorest:
Florence, in the fifteenth century, was a city state ruling not only Florence but (with interruptions) Prato, Pistoia, Pisa, Volterra, Cortona, Arezzo, and their agricultural hinterland. The peasants were not ..."
Abstract Political leadership involves many attributes. It often includes a power relationship, a capacity to persuade, as well as intuitive tactical and strategic skills. However political leadership is also framed by an individual's particular emotional and psychological development.
From the Paper "Political leadership involves many attributes. It often includes a power relationship, a capacity to persuade, as well as intuitive tactical and strategic skills. However political leadership is also framed by an individual's particular emotional and psychological development.
Margaret Thatcher grew up in a small apartment on the top floor of her father's grocery. She entered the political arena at an early age, coaxed along by her father. She often took notes at her father's political meetings, helped out in local election campaigns and worked at Conservative Party headquarters whenever she could (Harris, 1988, p.44). Thatcher was 14 when..."
From the Paper "The Minutemen and Their World
Robert Gross's book is a social history of the period before, during and after the first shots were fired at Concord, Massachusetts on April 19, 1775 which seeks to explain why and how Concordians and their defenders, the Minutemen, joined together in support of the American revolutionary cause and also examines the effects of the Revolutionary War and its aftermath on the town and its inhabitants. His fundamental point is that the townspeople were fundamentally motivated by local concerns and turned against British rule only gradually as they began to appreciate that their local liberties and other interests were threatened by the imperial policies of the Crown.
Background
At the time of the Revolution, Concord was a crossroads town 20 miles north..."
Abstract This paper describes George Washington and outlines his ironic dislike of politics and his attempt to prevent the formation of political parties, following his belief that politics were a divisive and potentially dangerous development for the future of the new United States of America. The paper discusses how despite his firm views, he served as president of the United States for two terms.
From the Paper "George Washington, although unanimously elected to two terms of the Presidency by the Electoral College, disliked politics and believed them to be a divisive and potentially dangerous development for the future of the new United States of America. In this view he may have blamed the politics and not the underlying, varied needs and desires of the various groups, but it was a view he held to steadfastly throughout his political career. He worked hard to minimize the effects of politics while he was in office, but ultimately failed, with political parties forming before his second term as President ended."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the styles and themes fround in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and Nelson Mandela's ?I am Prepared to Die.? Some of the topics discussed include prejudice, white supremacist attitudes, the use of non-violence to achieve your goals and that freedom will not be given unless it is demanded by those who are oppressed. The paper points out that although the messages are similar, they were written for different reasons. King's was written to explain his mission and his message, to the white clergy to chastise them for their neglect and condemnation of his actions, while Mandela's was written to defend the charges brought against him before a court of law and to explain his actions. According to the paper, these two men have become symbolic with the fight for freedom and equal rights.
From the Paper "Although, the message is the same in each work, they are written to different audiences and from different reference of perspective. King's letter is written to his fellow clergymen, directing his remarks to the white clerical population, Christian and Jewish communities. It was written to explain his mission and his message, as well as a chastisement for not only their neglect, but for their condemnation of King's actions. Mandela's work was addressed to the court as a legal defense case. It was written to defend the charges brought against him before a court of law and to explain his actions. King's work is cited with biblical references, such as, ?just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town."
Abstract This paper traces the history of the architectural form and cultural function of the amphitheatre from its modest beginning in ancient Greece through to the Roman influenced theatre of today. It examines how, although some aspects of their design and function are debatable because so little of their physical structure exists today, Greek theaters can be chronologically classified into three categories: The early Athenian, Hellenistic and Graeco-Roman. It discusses how all of these theaters could be divided into essentially three parts: the theatron (or auditorium), the orchestra and the skene (or scene building) and how these standards developed over time.
From the Paper "In its simplest form the orchestra of a theater is simply a circular plot of land designated as a place for dance and this idea defines the orchestra employed during this time. It was circular in shape with a diameter of about 66 feet and was believed to be a locus for supernatural powers. An altar (or thymele), described as "a short drum of marble decorated with low-relief carvings of garlands and satyrs, or other Greek icons? was usually erected in the epicenter of the orchestra. It was primarily used prior to performances for sacrifices in honor of the god Dionysus, however plays with religious content often incorporated the altar into the performance. A level surface area, raised one foot from the orchestra and situated below the skene, termed the proscenium, served as the area in which the majority of the dramatic action transpired."
This paper examines the system of education in colonial America from 1607 until 1776: Differences in schools in the New England, Middle colonies and the South, religious influence, elitism, male-orientation, labor issues, parochialism and mass education.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, 1990, $ 95.95
From the Paper "This research will examine the system of education in colonial America from 1607 until 1776. Three influences on the form of education in three sections of colonial America - New England, the Southern Colonies, and the Middle Colonies - will be presented and then various educational laws governing forms of schooling that were passed in each of these areas will be discussed.
The form that education took in colonial America differed according to the cultures that emerged in its various geographical regions. The diverse cultures of New England, the South, and the Middle Colonies strongly affected the official attitudes toward the educational systems, and these attitudes were reflected in legislation that governed the forms that educational systems took."
Discusses intentions of Federalists and Anti-Federalist in the formation of the U.S. constitution, including a review of portions of the "Federalist Papers".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, 1993, $ 47.95
From the Paper "The U.S. Constitution was constructed as a series of compromises between the two major factions involved in its writing, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The framers of the Constitution feared the potential "mischiefs" of faction and designed a governmental system that would balance competing interests and prevent the ascension of any one faction. A given faction might gain control of one of the branches of government or one level of government, but this would not enable that faction to control the entire system or to create a tyranny over other factions. The Constitution embodied a series of checks and balances to prevent one faction from gaining ascendancy over others.
The overriding intent of the Framers was balance, to balance the rights of different groups, to balance the powers of the ..."
From the Paper "The subject of this paper is the process by which history is manipulated. The thesis of this paper is that even learned history is subject to manipulation of a sort, the same manipulation of dominant cultural interpretation that permeates taught history. A case in point is the historical record of General George Armstrong Custer, the Sioux Nation, and the Battle at Little Big Horn.
During the winter of 1875-1876, the Army tried to collect all the Indians quickly. The Indians in Montana were out hunting, however, because the winter was so severe that the reservation needed more food. Whether the Indians knew the Army wanted them back or not, they did not respond to the Army's attempts. Consequently, the Army went after them. Custer, who was in charge, expected to find a small group, but he discovered..."
