Abstract This paper outlines the concept of leadership and the characteristics of an effective leader. It includes a discussion of the knowledge necessary for leadership including how to motivate people, and the ability to be a good communicator as well as listener.
From the Paper "The essence of leadership is the ability to motivate people. The first principle that a leader must know is what motivates their employees. Teachers must know what motivates their students. People are not motivated by money alone. They are motivated by many factors including praise, recognition, high self esteem, and other emotional and physical factors. There are many qualities, which make a good leader and many methods to motivating those under you. This paper will focus on the qualities necessary to being an effective leader.
Charles James, of the Institute for Innovation, Integration, and Impact, Inc., identified the characteristics, which make a good leader. In the modern world an effective leader must strive to maintain balance in all areas of their life, both professional and personal. He discusses the idea of "inner integration" as achieving a balance between all of those facets. A person who achieves better inner integration is a better communicator with others. An integrated thinker must be able to relate to other people on their level. This requires the ability to think like them. (James, 2002)."
Abstract This paper discusses how these presidents had different approaches for bolstering the economy of the United States during the Great Depression. Their policies in the areas of business, labor, agriculture, banking, and relief for the unemployed are compared and contrasted. The effectiveness of these policies on the long-term American economy is also analyzed.
From the Paper "The Great Depression is generally thought to have started in 1929 and ended in 1941. The Depression brought massive unemployment, failed businesses and agriculture. During the Great Depression, as many as one in four Americans were unemployed.
"Herbert Hoover had the misfortune of being the President when the stock market crashed in 1929, and the Great Depression began. Franklin D. Roosevelt won over 57 percent of the popular vote, and defeated Hoover in the 1932 election."
Abstract The paper shows that ancient Roman architects implemented the elements of space, symmetry and construction with exceptional innovative skill. Although their most notable achievements, the arch and vault construction, was first conceived by the Etruscans and had a profound influence on Roman architectural style and design, the paper shows that the innovations made by the Romans were still tremendously substantial and distinct.
From the Paper "Another revolution can be seen in the Roman network of roads. The Romans were the first civilization to make well-designed roads. Around the time of Augustus the major roads were constructed to keep the incredibly large empire linked to avoid collapse. The Romans contributed a number of things to the basic idea of roads, such as archways, city streets, and arch bridges. This greatly increased the ability to build because of the way the roads were laid out. The roads allowed the Roman Empire to expand Rome in every direction; hence the saying "All roads lead to Rome". In fact, they were so abundant and well constructed that many of them still exist today as memorable landmarks today."
From the Paper "Transformational leaders are able to effectively communicate their vision to an organization and provide an environment where individuals are empowered to achieve that vision. Instead of telling employees what to do, transformational leaders provide the tools that can help employees achieve greatness. A subset of transformational leadership is charismatic leadership, which is built on the idea that sheer force of personality can be enough to provide leadership to an organization and inspire high levels of personal loyalty from employees to leaders.
The Disney Company has had two charismatic leaders in its history: Walt Disney and Michael Eisner. Disney's tenure was followed by lackluster performance at the company after his death, and none of the executives at the organization possessed a personality strong enough to..."
From the Paper " The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome are two of the greatest surviving monuments of ancient civilizations. Though they came from very different cultures, the two buildings have a great deal in common. Both monuments were symbols of the political goals of the rulers who built them. Each building is also considered the ultimate achievement of a period in architectural history. But, the two monuments also demonstrate differences between Greek and Roman ideas about architecture and the state.
The two monuments have similar recent histories. Both are so well preserved because they were adapted by later cultures. The Parthenon was the only temple ever to be used by four different religions (ancient Greek, Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Islam). The survival of the Pantheon was due to its use by the.."
From the Paper "The motivations of Christopher Columbus and other figures in The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus, edited by J.M. Cohen, are varied and contradictory. Certainly, those motivations were not purely the result of high religious principles, for the lure of gold, land, slaves, power and prestige also played a major role in driving these men to seek, reach and exploit the New World. The reader must keep in mind that the book is written by men who were likely presenting what they saw as a positive portrait of their activities and intentions. Nevertheless, the full range of their motives comes through. One passage from the account of Columbus's son demonstrates the jumble of motives at work in the hearts and minds of these Europeans in their relations with the natives:
On receiving such kindnesses and such samples of gold from..."
Tags: HISTORY: EUROPEAN, BOOK REVIEWS (NON-FICTION) (ALPHABETIZED)
A critical review of the 1976 work on the origins of slavery in the U.S., the role of capitalism, freedom and authority, as well as the Samboization of blacks.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, 1999, $ 47.95
Abstract Stanley M. Elkins, in Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life, examines the origins of slavery in the United States, related to freedom and authority, and the creation of what he refers to as the "Sambo" as a type of slave personality.
From the Paper "Stanley M. Elkins, in Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life, examines the origins of slavery in the United States, related to freedom and authority, and the creation of what he refers to as the "Sambo" as a type of slave personality. The question of the role of "freedom" in the establishment of the brutal system of American slavery must be qualified. The freedom referred has nothing to do with democratic freedom, and everything to do with the unbridled freedom of capitalism to flourish without regard to the rights or even the humanity of the slaves. The rich, white slaveholders were certainly exercised their own democratic freedom, but the fact that slavery accompanied such freedom must call into question any claim that the United States was indeed democratic while slavery endured. Of course, the freedom of the slaves themselves is also ..."
Analyzes Civil War battle (July 1-3, 1863) in which Confederacy launched its last offensive of the war. Discusses strategies, leadership, battlefield conditions and outcome.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, 1989, $ 55.95
From the Paper "This paper will discuss the Battle of Gettysburg, which took place during the American Civil War. The battle, which lasted from July I through July 3, 1863, represented the Confederate army's last offensive attempt in the war. The motives of General Robert E. Lee for moving his Confederate troops north into Pennsylvania during that time can be seen as an outgrowth of the confidence that the South had gained from a series of strategic victories. Lee wanted to make an offensive attack in the Gettysburg area in order to threaten the safety of the industrial cities of the North and thereby weaken the Union's defensive stance (Gruver, 1981, p. 403).
It is important to note that many other Confederate leaders opposed Lee's strategic approach in Pennsylvania. William Swinton, a correspondent for the New York Times during that era, (...)"
Abstract This paper begins with some general comments on the attributes possessed by Spartan warriors that can be deduced from Pressfield's book. It goes on to outline the plot of the work, concentrating on the features and influence of Spartan culture. It discusses the Spartan trait of dedication, the experiences of Spartan youths in training and the Spartan mentor/student relationship. The paper concludes with a synopsis of the impression of Spartan warriors given by Pressfield's work.
From the Paper "What constitutes a Spartan? Indeed, what characteristics are exemplary of a Spartan? According to Steven Pressfied in his work, "Gates of Fire", Spartans are synonymous with the term warrior. So much so in fact, that one is likely to find the word Spartan in the thesaurus when researching the term "warrior". In his book, Pressfield provides the reader with very detailed and accurate descriptions of the ideal Spartan, as portrayed through the eyes of a freedman, a former slave recruited into the service of Spartan warriors, an individual in awe of the intensity and fearlessness of the warriors he has encountered. One can most definitely conclude upon reading this work that Spartans were raised in a society or culture that praised fearlessness, cunning, strength and courage."
Abstract Works of art of the Egyptians and Greeks in the Hellenic era. Shared characteristics of the two ancient societies. Describes Egyptian statue of "Ranofer," a limestone sculpture of a standing male. Compares it to the Greek "Kouros," a life-sized marble figure of a male youth. Human orientation of Greek art.
From the Paper "Comparison of Two Sculptures
The ancient Egyptians and the Greeks of the Hellenic era shared several important characteristics. Among them were a complex system of gods, each requiring his or her own ritual worship, and a love of the monumental in terms of architecture and selected art forms. As Laurie S. Adams (p. 73) has commented, both groups followed certain canons and conventions in sculpture, leading to creations that were life-sized or larger, monumental and powerful, and firmly rooted within the guiding sociocultural ethos in which they were produced. This report will compare two works of art. The first is an Egyptian statute of Ranofer, a limestone sculpture of a standing male produced in about 2750-2625, B.C. (Gardner, p. 54). The second sculpture to be discussed is known as Kouros, a life-sized figure of a male ..."
Abstract Examines the religious ideas of the two leaders of the Protestant Reformation. Social changes of the 16th Century. Luther's challenge to the Church. His concepts of Revelation, faith and the relationship between humanity and God. Calvin's amplification of Luther's ideas. Doctrinal differences between Lutheranism and Calvinism. Calvin's belief in predestination.
From the Paper "Martin Luther (1483-1546) and John Calvin (1509-1564) were two of the principal leaders of the Protestant Reformation that transformed Western Europe in the sixteenth century. In the German states of the early sixteenth century there was "a combination of circumstances favourable to rebellion," the agricultural peasantry was oppressed and impoverished and the rest of the society strained against the domination of the Church and the excesses of ecclesiastical-temporal rulers of many bishoprics and monasteries (Sykes 28). Yet the form of the vast social change that eventually occurred was very different from outright armed rebellion against the civil or even the ecclesiastical authorities. There were minor peasants' revolts, it is true, but in general social change began in the arena of spiritual matters and this is due almost entirely to Luther's ..."
Abstract This paper examines the history of the Salem Witch Trials and how in the months of June to September 1692, nineteen men and women were hung near Salem Village, Massachusetts, for the crime of witchcraft. It looks at how the rumours and accusations started and Salem's easy acceptance of the idea of witchcraft which turned into hysteria. It evaluates some of the different stories of convictions and the testimonies and the aftermath of the trials. The paper includes a timeline of events in the New English colonies.
From the Paper "Salem's hysteria over witchcraft sparked with the strange illness of Betty Parris, the daughter of the Salem minister. She exhibited a strange variety of symptoms, including contorting in pain, ducking under furniture, and complaints of fever. Talk of witchcraft increased as several of Betty's playmates, including Ann Putnam and Mary Walcott began to show similar symptoms.
Salem's easy acceptance of the idea of witchcraft came partially from the ideas espoused in Cotton Mather's book, Memorable Providences. This book, popular just before the trial, described the suspected witchcraft of an Irish servant in Boston. The behavior of the woman in the book was eerily similar to that of young Betty Parris, who ultimately claimed that her afflictions were the result of witchcraft."
Abstract In the first millennium after the decline and fall of the Roman empire, Western Europe developed new kingdoms under the rule of various leaders, developed agriculture and commerce beyond the rudimentary beginnings of the Roman era and became more Christianized with the spread of that religion as the guiding power in Europa culture. This paper looks at the growing popularity of Christianity and the founding of the first Christian Empire by Constantine in 306 A.D. It shows the influence of Christian leaders and statesmen on Europe. The paper also looks at the development of the feudal system and changes in migration patterns.
From the Paper "The end of the Roman Empire coincided with the movement of people through massive migrations often termed invasions, and historians still argue over whether these migrations began during the Roman era or only after it ended. Large areas of the north-western Roman Empire became Germanic through these migrations, notably England but also modern Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, and Austria (Holmes 60). Urban regions grew during this era, though not as they would in the second millennium. Europe therefore remained largely rural, and agriculture remained the primary economic power throughout this era. Lords established their control over regions and people and over the agriculture that was produced in these regions. They reduced free peasants to servitude with the offer of protection and the levying of taxation. The peasants were then hereditarily bound to their tenements and liable to arbitrary levies and labor services (Holmes 120-121)."
Abstract This paper discusses whether F. Scott Fitzgerald is found to be accurate in his fictional portrayal of prohibition, gangsters, the American Dream and new women of the 1920s. By examining various aspects in the novel, this paper compares the reality of the 1920's, to the way it is described in "The Great Gatsby" and examines its accuracy.
From the Paper "F. Scott Fitzgerald was accurate in his portrayal of the aristocratic flamboyancy and indifference of the 1920s. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores many aspects of indifference and flamboyancy. A large influence on this society was the pursuit of the American Dream. Gangsters played a heavily influential role in the new money aristocracy of the 1920s. The indifference was mainly due to the advent of Prohibition in 1920. One major societal revolution in this period was that of the ?new women,? who expressed new actions and beliefs. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald accurately portrayed his characters Nick Carraway, Daisy and Tom Buchanan, and the novel's eponym, Jay Gatsby, as a part of the society of the 1920s."
Abstract This paper reviews the novel ?Tracks" by Louise Erdich, which chronicles the lives of Ojibwa people living in North Dakota between the winter of 1912 and the spring of 1924. The challenges of becoming a member of a mixed society are many and within the novel "Tracks" can be seen the assumed realities of the changing world of the Chippewa people. The paper focuses on the lives of the Chippewa people and their interaction with mainstream America at the time.
From the Paper "Rather early in the post-colonial phase, ?Tracks chronicles the lives of Ojibwa people living in North Dakota between the winter of 1912 and the spring of 1924.? (Stookey 1999) Scholarship on the issue of colonial native America has recently headed toward the interdisciplinary approach and has learned to embrace narrative fiction. ?The elements of a sound Native American history would include an interdisciplinary perspective, reconstruction of the American Indian experience, and a more complete description of how Native societies adapted to changing conditions."
