Abstract This paper discusses important historical events in the history of the Hamas movement. The author points out the motivation and ideology (Islamic covenant) of Hamas, its opposition to the Palestinian Authority and where it stands today. The paper outlines some counter-terrorism steps taken worldwide.
From the Paper "Harakat-al-muqawama al-Islamiyya known by the acronym Hamas is anIslamic resistance movement whose roots can be traced back to the ... extension of the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization founded in the ... in Egypt, which was renewed and strengthened ..."
Abstract This paper explores the contradictions of Hamas, including its classification as a terrorist organization on the one hand, and its humanitarian works on behalf of Palestinians on the other. A brief history of the organization is presented as well as a biography of its founder, Sheik Ahmed Yassin. The author concludes that despite its charitable work, Hamas remains committed to the tenets of its Covenant, which expressly condemns the state of Israel and which advocates violence.
Outline:
Background/History
Recent Events and Increasing Popularity
Potential Futures
From the Paper "Hamas' mainstream political victory has also brought to light the conflicts between Hamas and Fatah. The president of the Palestinian Authority since Arafat's death is Mahmoud Abbas. Since the January 2006 parliamentary victory for Hamas, however, Fatah and the PLO have made a point to distance itself from the more radical ideology espoused by Hamas. Because of its electoral victory, Hamas has been able to stock the Palestinian parliament with its own ministers, whose views often differ sharply from those held by Fatah members especially in regard to the recognition of Israel as a state and to the participation in international peace talks. Furthermore, Fatah supported Saddam Hussein during the first Gulf War, whereas Hamas, under the leadership of Hamas, worked more closely with Hussein-opposed Gulf nations."
Abstract This paper debates the book "Compromising Palestine: A Guide to the Final Status Negotiations" by Aharon Klieman and examines the options of both nations, Palestine and Israel. This paper illustrates the major issues of the ongoing conflict and the fundamental problems of territories, religious sites, and refugees.
From the Paper "Kleiman wrote that partition was a necessary evil while Mearsheimer suggests that in no way will the Palestine people ever agree to a partition on the terms that are being offered. The paradox of partition continues even after 50 years and it becomes a race to see which side will win the race. Is partition necessary as Kleiman suggests or is Mearsheimer correct when he claims that the 50 year old history between the two nations will not allow the concept of partition being accepted. In order to understand the dynamics we must under take a analysis of the history of the two nations. While analyzing the concept of partition Kleiman studied the history of the Palestine - Israel conflict. He realized that fifty years ago the Palestinians, and the Arabs, rejected resolution 181 calling for the establishment of two independent states in Palestine. The resolution also made Jerusalem a city under international administration and marked its borders. While the Arabs rejected the offer, the Jews accepted it. Thirty-three countries, including the then Soviet Union and the United States, voted for the resolution while 13 voted against and 10 abstained."
Abstract The current situation in the Middle East is one of conflict, but nowhere is the conflict more consolidated than between Palestine and Israel. During the past two years, a state of tension that has existed for centuries has erupted in new violence, and the conflict that has manifest therein is only becoming worse. In the quest to better prevent future damage, it is absolutely necessary both to explore the history that has created the conflict and to examine its current state. This paper explores the numerous factors that have contributed to the present state of the conflict between Palestine and Israel in order to assess the potential future therein.
Abstract This paper examines the influence, power, agenda and motivations of the Palestine Liberation Front. The paper then analyzes the political, economic, social and cultural conditions in Palestine to gain an understanding of how the PLF and other terror groups are thriving in the Muslim Middle East.
From the Paper " Because these conditions are so inflammatory, the religious, financial, and criminal motives of the PLF have been radicalized to such an extent that peaceful coexistence with Israel appears to be extremely unlikely. The Palestine Liberation Front emerged in the late nineteen-seventies but quickly split into pro-PLO, pro-Syrian, and pro-Libyan factions. According to NPS (2005) "the pro-PLO faction was led by Muhammad Abbas and was based in Baghdad prior to Operation Iraqi Freedom. "
Abstract This paper takes a historical look at why Israel received independence and Palestine did not, thereby creating an inevitable conflict which still exists until today.
From the Paper "The conflict between the Arab and Israeli forces that echoes audibly in today's monumental unrest is one that has persisted through innumerable eras and incarnations. At some points a discourse of political disagreement and at other points, the current historical axis being one of them, a hotbed for military action and unchecked violence, the ideal at the crux of it all is over a claim to the land now known as Israel. Established in 1948 at the behest of the Zionist movement, after centuries of Diaspora, Israel is certainly no less contested now than it was one hundred years ago. This naturally incites a question as to why the Zionists were rewarded for their efforts toward statehood while a Palestinian population was disowned and disregarded for similar desires. While the creation of a Jewish homeland stood as the paramount aim for an inestimable space of time, it was not until the period just after WWI, upon the inception of the British Mandate that the gears began to turn toward an allotment of the land known as Palestine."
Tags: arab, british, camps, conflict, declaration, independence, israeli, middle, east, palestinian, palestine, paper, rule, strip, war, white
Abstract This paper very briefly focuses the relationship between hegemonic globalization and terrorism. In particular, this paper emphasizes Palestine as a land colonized by others with the United States roundly supporting its alleged "client state", Israel. Among other things, the paper draws the link between Gulliver in Lilliput and the clumsy colossus, America, in the Middle East.
From the Paper "Few modern trends are as disturbing as the proliferation of terrorism in recent years. Since 9/11, the world has come to realize that no one is invulnerable from terrorist attack. This brief paper will examine the relationship between globalization and terrorism by examining the particular case of Palestine. As will soon become apparent, while globalization has brought riches to some, it has created anger, resentment and misery for many more. To begin with, globalization can be seen as a colonizing phenomenon, with powerful western nations imperiously lording over more impecunious lands. As Nassar states, "hegemony continues into the twenty-first century under the guise of globalization" (3). His conception of globalization then, is that it is imperialism under another banner. In the particular case of Palestine, anger and resentment arose out of the colonizing of their ancestral land by Zionists (Nasser 41). "
Abstract This paper explores the history and goals of Hamas, an acronym for Harakat al-Mugawima al-Islamiyya, also known as the Islamic Resistance Movement. The paper relates that the organization's goals are anti-Israeli, as it fights for destroying the state of Israel and creating a Palestinian Islamic state by using very violent terrorist aggression against Israeli civilians. The paper also relates that one of the most dangerous threats for regional security resides in the violent fights between Hamas and Fatah, which led to the separation of Palestine with Hamas controlling Gaza and Fatah, the West Bank.
From the Paper 'Despite the organization's social and religious activities, Hamas is primarily a military organization, well equipped, financed and organized. Its military wing is responsible for the acts of violence attributed to the organization. In achieving their goal of re-establishing Palestine on the territories that were known as hers before 1947, Hamas has used the term "jihad" (religious war), with the meaning that it will carry a war against any enemy of Islam, referring to Israel. Comparing to PLO, which has carried negotiations in the past with Israel and which seems more eager to find a solution for the dispute, Hamas remains radical in claiming all the territories they believe are rightfully Palestinian and accept no negotiation with Israel.'
Abstract This term paper examines Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization. It traces the history and violence of Hamas, examines current and future United States' policy towards Islamic resistance movements, and investigates the possible legitimization of Hamas into the political realm.
From the Paper "The above Balfour Declaration, signed on November 1917, marks the historical moment where a great deal of anguish began for the Palestinian people, and followed for many generations. Prior the Balfour Declaration, the Sikes-Picot treaty signed on April 1917, promised the contrary, secretly dividing up Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire into French and British administered areas, hence preparing Palestine for its independence (O'Ballance, Ch.1). The extemporaneous Balfour Declaration caused much anger and pain since it was a European power, making a demographic reality about a non-European territory, while disregarding the wishes of its native inhabitants. Consequences of this letter continue to this moment, including death, war and migration, causing egregious social, economic and political domino effects."
Abstract The paper discusses and analyzes the topic of terrorist organizations and the threat of Hamas, the Palestinian terrorist organization. The paper states that Hamas began as a group dedicated to jihad against Israel, and is one of the most powerful terrorist organizations in the world. The paper concludes that Hamas is a serious threat to the world because they have developed cognizant training and attack methods, and are now in a position of political power in the Middle East.
From the Paper "The ideological support of the group has grown since its founding. In fact, the group, which is an acknowledged terrorist organization, won in the Palestinian Authority election in 2006, making it a major political threat as well as terrorist threat. There is no umbrella or cover-up involved, the organization is out in the open and has the support of most Muslim Arabs in the region and around the world. However, Hamas has long been at odds with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), feeling that under Yassir Arafat's leadership, the organization had gotten too "soft" toward Israel "
Abstract This ten-page senior level paper is on the book 'One Palestine, Complete' by Tom Segev who is a columnist for Ha'aretz, Israel's leading newspaper, and author of two now-classic works on the history of Israel, 1949: The First Israelis and The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust. One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate, is a panoramic view of life in Palestine during the three strife-torn but decades when Britain ruled and the seeds of today's conflicts were sown.
Abstract The paper goes into great detail over whether or not the Grand Mufti Haj Amin El Husseini actively participated in the systematic elimination of Jews in Europe and in Palestine through the 1930s and 1940s. The paper is divided up into three sections that outline events during the Grand Mufti's life. The first section discusses his role in organizing anti-Zionist movements in Palestine upon his appointment of Grand Mufti by the British Mandate. The tactics of workers' strikes and actual attacks on Jews were committed under orders from Haj Amin. The second section deals with his role in Nazi Germany after the British reasserted their control over Palestine at the outbreak of World War II. Specific examples are given from radio transcripts and personal diaries that discuss the Mufti's ideas and rhetoric during this time period. These clearly point to his support of Hitler's "Final Solution" plan to eliminate the Jews in Europe. Finally, there is a discussion of Haj Amin's guilt and the level to which he knew what his actions were doing. Testimony from the Nuremberg Trials are given, as well as aides to former Nazi Leader Adolf Eichmann, who pointed to Haj Amin's actions of drumming up anti-Jewish sentiment as key to the Holocaust.
From the Paper "Appointed as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 1921 by British authorities, Haj Amin el Husseini spent the majority of his life struggling to create a Pan-Arabic state in the Middle East and limit Jewish influences in Palestine. His ideas and philosophies continue to exist in modernity, and his legacy exists in the Middle East as an individual who stood up to the West and attempted to bring together the teachings of Islam with a strong degree of nationalism in Palestine. Notable adherents to the Grand Mufti's teachings were the Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, who was particularly appreciative of what Haj Amin had accomplished for the Palestinian people in his lifetime. Haj Amin el Husseini died in Lebanon in 1974, and after his death there was a massive outpouring of support for the work that he had done to bring Muslims together in the region against the West and the Jewish state of Israel. Despite this support by many Muslims after his death, the most dubious interval of Haj Amin's life deals with his support of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime during World War II."
Abstract This paper examines how the core of the Israel-Palestine conflict is the State of Israel,created when, in 1947, UN decided to split Palestine into two separate Arab and Jewish states. It discusses how the countries have since not seen peace, how there is constant conflict, and how Palestinians have waged a never-ending war with Israel and vice versa. It analyzes how the countries are now interlinked due to this major conflict, and all efforts of bringing peace to this region have failed. The author proposes a potential two-state solution to the problem similar to the one implemented in India and Pakistan.
From the Paper "Peace talks which had been going on for several years led to the historic agreements between Israel and the PLO led by Yasser Arafat, in Sept. 1993. The Palestine Liberation Organization agreed to the existence of Israel while Israel recognized PLO as the Palestinians' representative. The two later signed an agreement on September 13 which allowed limited Palestinian self-rule and the West Bank and Gaza. (Heilbrunn, 1995) The country in a bid to achieve more political stability in the region signed an agreement with Jordan in 1994, which brought an end to the 46-years of war and conflict between the two states. On October 26, that year a formal peace treaty was signed."
Abstract This paper elaborates on the history of the tension between Israel and Palestine, while focusing more on the history than the actual specifics and details of the conflict.
From the Paper "As former President Bill Clinton was preparing to leave office in 2000, he received a phone call from Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yassar Arafat. As Arafat wished Clinton farewell he told the President ?You are a great man.? "The hell I am," Clinton said he responded. "I'm a colossal failure, and you made me one. " Clinton summed up the view many have held toward the talks of peace between Israel and Palestine since World War II failures. "
Abstract This essay discusses the McMahon-Hussein correspondence, in which the British promised to Sherif Hussein that Arabs could control certain areas that were to be liberated from Turkey. The question surrounds whether this area included Palestine.
