Abstract This essay looks at the consequences of climate change in Antarctica. The causes of climate change are examined. The impacts of climate change on the environment of the Antarctic are analyzed. Furthermore, some impacts that would result from climate change in the Antarctic, but would have global consequences mainly as the result of global warming, are also examined.
From the Paper "The Earth's climate is changing and there is more and more evidence of global warming. This essay looks at these climate changes and its consequences, focusing in particular on Antarctica, as it is a very sensitive region yet of vital importance to the overall global climate. The Earth's climate has always oscillated, but unlike previously climate change in the last decades, has mostly been due to human activity also outlined in the essay. The changes are particularly drastic in a fragile environment such as the Antarctic and Arctic."
Abstract This paper discusses the consequences of climate change in Antarctica. The essay is divided into three sections. The first section looks at the nature of Antarctica. The second section examines what global warming and climate change will do to Antarctica and the final section looks at the global consequences.
From the Paper "Global warming and climate change are two closely connected environmental problems. Although global warming and climate change will affect the entire world, different areas will be altered in different ways. Also changes in one area can lead to changes in other areas. For this essay the consequences of global warming and climate change will be examined in detail. In order to examine these issues the essay will be divided into three sections. The first section will look at the geography, natural resources and ecological nature of Antarctica. The second section will examine the effects of global warming and climate change on Antarctica."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of land degradation in the Arab region over the past 70 years. This paper reviews the various reasons and causes of this land degradation, focusing on the increase in population who require water for human consumption and agriculture, land for agriculture and land for their livestock.
From the Paper "Land degradation in the Arab region is primarily the result of a surge in the population growth in the past several decades. As the population had increased within the Arab region the need for water for human consumption, grazing land, and agriculture has risen. In an area that was already dry and naturally scarce in water supplies this added requirement for water has led to severe issues concerning the natural water sources and their ability to sustain the Arab civilization over time. Furthermore, cultivation of marginal land, as well as deforestation has created a situation in which natural trees and foliage have been depleted from the land surface, adding to the landmasses that are dry. As these dry land masses, or deserts are increased in the Arab lands the water is absorbed into the ground and the loss of foliage eventually leads to a loss of water."
Abstract This paper reviews the challenges that housing and supervising prison inmates present to correctional facilities and to those who work in them. Specifically, the paper looks at the practical difficulties of providing some semblance of security and protection in a time of crisis, and it also examines the (possible) legal repercussions flowing from a natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina. The paper concludes that prison officials cannot be expected to maintain order and decorum in a crisis situation when they have been poorly trained and/or given limited supplies.
From the Paper "The Custody of Inmates during Hurricane Katrina The events that unfolded between August 27 and September 1, 2005 as Katrina rolled ashore along the Gulf coast cannot easily be dismissed. For correctional facilities, the storm over-burdened their resources and placed staff in an untenable position. The following paper will examine the challenges that correctional staff faced in this crisis, both from a practical stand-point and also, in its aftermath, from a legal stand-point. As should become apparent, training and proper evacuation and preparedness procedures could all have spared the affected facilities the trauma they experienced during the storm. With this in mind, it is to a discussion of this important topic that this paper now turns. The practical challenges presented to correctional facilities in a situation such as the Katrina disaster are many."
Abstract This paper analyzes hurricanes. It discusses how hurricanes are formed and describes their structure. The paper discusses the affects of hurricanes on their surrounding environment. It then describes what is needed in order for a hurricane to increase in strength, as well as how it can become weaker. The paper concludes with the writer's personal memories and experiences with hurricanes.
From the Paper "Hurricanes are warm storms fueled by thunderstorms near their center. But before we can call any storm a hurricane, there are certain criteria that have to be met. Sometimes hurricanes can use pre-existing systems of disturbed weather to form; although in this system they must have some sort of circulation as well as a low pressure center. Another component that helps to form a hurricane is low wind shear. High wind shear would prevent the formation of a feedback loop which helps power the storm. Warm water is another and probably the most important component in the formations of hurricanes. Water temperatures have to be at least 80 degrees Fahrenheit down to a depth of at least 150 feet. Hurricanes are known as warm storms so it would only make sense that they form in warm water. The last component that will be mentioned is, distance from the equator. The minimum distance that a hurricane can form from the equator is 310 miles or 5 degrees on a map. This distance allows the Coriolis Effect to circulate the storm system giving it the appearance of a pin wheel (Wikipedia, 2007)."
Abstract This paper examines why Earth is the only planet in our solar system capable of sustaining life and how it is the only planet that has plentiful liquid water and an atmosphere that can protect the planet from the harmful ultra-violet rays of the Sun. The paper attempts to determine what makes Earth so special by using comparative planetology to understand what makes Earth a habitat for life and what makes it so different from the other planets in our solar system.
From the Paper "If we were to look at Earth as a starting point to compare the other eight planets in our solar system, the first thing we notice from space is the magnificent blue color and swirls of clouds. This is an inviting sight and is the first hint at why life is found on our planet. Earth has many features that the other planets do not have. Earth has many features that make it unique. Earth is made of rock and metal. It is one of the four terrestrial planets and has the largest Moon in the solar system. Earth has abundant volcanic activity because of its size in comparison to the other terrestrial planets. With the abundance of water and oxygen, Earth's atmosphere stays in balance and is able to continue supporting life. The liquid oceans help to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the presence of a stratosphere helps protect the surface from the deadly ultra-violet rays of the Sun. Another unique feature of Earth is plate tectonics. Plate tectonics acts as giant conveyor belt that moves the mantle of Earth around, which constantly changes the look of our planet. Although Earth's interior needs much more exploration, scientists can tell about the composition of the deepest regions of Earth by using seismic waves following an earthquake. By reading this seismic data carefully, scientists get a better understanding of interior Earth."
Abstract The paper reveals that one earthquake is felt on our fragile planet every thirty seconds! The paper then describes how earthquakes happen, their costly and destructive results and how they are measured. The paper relates that while earthquakes cannot be predicted, it is possible for us to limit the damage and impact they have, by building structures using earthquake resistant designs and ensuring that the interiors of our buildings are safe from falling objects. The paper concludes that ultimately, what is important is to educate people about earthquake safety.
From the Paper "One earthquake is felt on our fragile planet every thirty seconds. There is a 100% chance that somewhere, today, an earthquake is shaking the ground. We have no way of predicting how and when an earthquake will strike. We can only say that it might. No one can say for sure if the tremors that are felt will be enough to kill and wreak havoc. What we can be sure of is that earthquakes are perhaps the most powerful and destructive forces of nature. We should all know the facts and what if anything we can do to be prepared for such a catastrophe."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the tectonic plates effecting seismic activity in the state of California. The paper focuses on the Pacific plate and the North American plate, two adjacent plates moving in opposite directions, which form the San Andreas fault in California. The paper points out that plate tectonics play a major role in the various geological processes found in California, especially in relation to earthquakes and the San Andreas fault. The paper concludes that this plate tectonic activity has brought about much beauty and splendor, while also making the state a very dangerous and unpredictable place to live.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Geology of Plate Tectonics
The San Andreas Fault
Tectonic Activity in California
The Loma Prieta Earthquake
Conclusion
From the Paper "One important part of the San Andreas fault is known as the Coachella Valley Segment and in June of 1992, the Landers earthquake, measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale, alerted geologists to the potential of a large-magnitude quake somewhere in the Los Angeles area. The Landers quake place much scientific focus on the clustering of quakes and tectonic activity close to the Coachella Valley segment of the fault. Thus, many geophysicists have been increasingly concerned with the high number of quakes and amount of tectonic movement occurring so close together on the northern end of the segment. In 1985, several geological investigators determined that a magnitude 7.5 earthquake along or on the Coachella segment could possibly trigger the so-called "Big One," yet if such a scenario occurred on the next segment north and west of the Coachella segment, the heavily-populated city of San Bernardino could experience massive destruction. In addition, a rupture of this segment could conceivably continue in line past Los Angeles and produce a quake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale (Nance, 1988, p. 174)."
Tags: fault earthquake geology America, Ring of Fire San Andreas
Abstract This paper discusses what has come to be known as 'possibly the greatest hoax the U.S. government has conspired' - namely the first man landing on the moon. The author reviews the facts surrounding the issue together with a literature review of those that claim it was all a hoax.
From the Paper "Let's rewind, back to the year, 1969. This was the year that the "globally accepted" American heroes, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made history. Two astronauts were the first humans to land on the moon. The excitement was watched worldwide as the American flag was inserted into the surface of the moon. The words declared in 1961 by John F. Kennedy had prevailed. "I promise America.... America will land on the moon by the end of the century!"(Braeuing). The United States has defeated Russia (formerly known as the USSR) on the race to the moon. As people reflected about the great technological advances, one thought was forgotten. Can all of this really be realistic? Could America really accomplish an achievement that seemed flawless? Let's read in between the lines, and take a deeper look into reality. This can possibly be the greatest hoax the U.S. government has conspired. Open your eyes to an Apollo moon landing conspiracy theory. "Houston, we have a problem!"
This essay is a review of James Lovelock's book "The Ages of Gaia." Written for a Geology class, this paper compares the Creation Theory to the Evolution Theory, and how God could have had a part in the formation of the Earth.
2,042 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 1 source, 2000, $ 64.95
Abstract This is a critical essay on the concept of Gaia (the earth being one living breathing organism) as put forth by James Lovelock in his book, "The Ages of Gaia". The author addresses three questions put forth by Lovelock: What would the Universe be like without God? How can we use the concept of God as a way to look at the Universe and ourselves? How can we use the concept of Gaia as a way to understanding God? Through these questions, the author gives us her own opinion regarding the co-existence of both God and Gaia.
From the Paper ""Gaia is a religious as well as a scientific concept, and in both spheres it is manageable. Theology is also a science, but if it is to operate by the same rules as the rest of science, there is no place for creeds or dogma. By this I mean theology should not state that God exists and then proceed to investigate his nature and his interactions with the Universe and living organisms. Such an approach is prescriptive, presupposes his existence, and closes the mind to such questions as: What would the Universe be like without God? How can we use the concept of God as a way to look at the Universe and ourselves? How can we use the concept of Gaia as a way to understanding God? Belief in God is an act of faith and will remain so. In the same way, it is otiose to try to prove that Gaia is alive. Instead, Gaia should be a way to view the Earth, ourselves, and our relationships with living things" (Lovelock 194). In this passage, Lovelock states that the concept of Gaia is both religious and scientific. I agree with him, but not under the same terms. In this essay, I will contend Lovelock's assumptions and propose new ideas for thought, with an interconnection between God and Gaia, instead of keeping them as separate principles. "
Abstract This paper attempts to relate the decline of the Greek Bronze Age with the eruption of Santorini in the Aegean Sea. The author examines the developments that led to the decline of the Greek Bronze Age and how they coincide with the eruption of Santorini volcano.
From the Paper 'Two of the greatest controversial questions in ancient Greek history are when did the decline of the Greek Bronze Age begin and what caused this dramatic reversal in progress? Dates have varied from as early as 1350 B.C. to as late as 1100 B.C. Causes have range from massive invasions by barbarians to widespread droughts. However, evidence has begun to surface that suggests the possibility that there was a massive series of natural phenomena that affected the whole eastern Mediterranean region between 1600 and 1300 B.C. After examining all of the current evidence, a conclusion can be drawn that a series of earthquakes shook the region during several decades which set off a cataclysmic volcanic eruption on the island of Thera. This explosion can be directly connected with the decline of Bronze Age Greece."
Abstract This creative writing essay presents an accounting of a scenario in which a meteor hits the planet Earth, destroying all living things. Hundreds of years after the collision, someone stumbles across what used to be a home, and tries to figure out what the artifacts left in the house were used for before the meteor crash.
From the Paper "We arrived on planet Earth this morning and began our expedition with little hope of finding anything useful for our research. Earth has been a dead planet for hundreds of years and we know that there is no life form existing on it. As we begin to disembark however our scout conveyed that he found what appears to be a dwelling form the structure people. The structure people are those who lived here on Earth hundreds of years ago. We so named them the structure people because of the structures that they used to live in. The structures are long gone because the elements on Earth have destroyed them but the scout found a location of a former structure in which some things have been preserved."
Abstract This paper presents a review of the book "Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster". The writer of this paper summarizes the book and provides the reader with an examination of the story which looks at the causes and impacts of natural disasters and how they effect societies that they reach.
From the Paper "Recently, Los Angeles, California has been hit by many natural disasters. Earthquakes, floods, and fires have threatened to destroy what is usually one of the liveliest cities in the country. Los Angeles has always been known as a hot bed of activity. People flock there to live for the sunshine, great weather, jobs, and prestige and shopping. While the cost of living is extremely high by many of the nations standards the quality of life more than makes up for it, according to those who make the city of Angels their home."
Abstract This paper takes an in-depth look at one of Colorado's most interesting cities, Manitou Springs. The author discusses the history of the city, early explorers and denizens, and the ancient rock formations which makes Manitou Springs a tremendous tourist attraction. The paper looks at such Manitou sights as Pike Peaks, Garden of the Gods, and the Dawson formation.
From the Paper:
"Besides being home to a number of top-notch, countrywide renowned historic restaurants, as well as many desired locality eateries, Manitou Springs has a broad range of first class lodgings: an historic hotel, many exclusive Victorian bed& breakfasts, traditional motels, warm boutique motels quality motor inns, cabins by Fountain Creek, and secluded wooded campgrounds. What makes Manitou Springs the most absolute Colorado experience is the lure of the surrounding of the city. You can reach to the top of the Pike Peaks through the Manitou and Pikes railway station which has the elevation of 14,110. The Cave of the winds, will lead to the vivid pits of Colorado but very soon you will be back in time by the majestic view of Miromont Castle and the Cliff Dwellings Museum. "
Abstract This paper deals with the geoscience application of using seismic data to gain information about strata layers, particularly with the intent of locating oil-rich deposits. Seismic stratigraphy involves analyzing the reflected patterns of elastic waves that have bounced off of sub-surface rock layers. The paper pays particular attention to significant technological progress that one of it's main applications has made in the the exploration of hydrocarbon which is of particular interest to the large petroleum industries.
From the Paper "One of the newest tools in seismic stratigraphy is 3-D seismic data. Thanks to technological advances and more cost-efficient methods of gathering this data, it has come to the forefront as a valuable tool. Although oil companies have been using 3-D seismic concepts since the 1970's, the successes it has had have not been published in scientific journals (Hart, 1999). Consequently, the method has not received much attention in the scientific world until recently, when increased computer capabilities, visualization software, and lower prices made it more widespread. 3-D seismic application is still a relatively new tool working its way into other geoscience disciplines; however, it has been heavily utilized by the petroleum industry for some time now."
