Abstract This paper presents a realistic perspective of the Kashmir conflict. The paper outlines the background of the dispute in Kashmir, identifying the struggle of both India and Pakistan claiming rights to the region. The paper analyzes the suffering caused to the people of Kashmir as a result of the conflict and concludes that, according to the realist approach, the Pakistani side seems to be more on track with regard to reality in Kashmir.
From the Paper "Thus, examples of reality may include such things as poverty, an illness, fire, unemployment, warfare, a physical confrontation, etc. Further, and perhaps even more important in the context of the Kashmir conflict, is the notion that not only is reality a 'thing' indicated by its ability to cause some effect, but that the individual's understanding or acknowledgement of reality is subject to all kinds of historical and other influences. It draws a clear distinction between reality and our knowledge of reality (Basden, 2004). In order to explore this, let us consider the 'bones' of the conflict in Kashmir."
Abstract This paper addresses social, industrial, infrastructural, and economic issues that give evidence of growing concern among those who live in the United Kingdom about the real state of the strength of the nation. In this tertiary analysis, there are countless clues as to the real state of affairs that give, at least, some credence to the individual, bound by gross personal debt and afraid for the future. The paper examines why the numbers players continue to call the U.K. one of the strongest nations in the world and whether a general decline in all nations, comparatively, has given the U.K. a shining star for strength only because so many other nations are sinking economically, socially, and industrially.
From the Paper "Yet, despite the fact that the UK has set historical precedence in the area of crime statistics, the comparative data is still relied upon as an indicator of the nations health. It can be proven without a doubt that international comparisons are mute in a situation where statistics are not congruent, yet they are, another example of the ways in which statistics can cover any problem with a translucent bandage. Critics of the new crime programme find fault in its ability to spin statistics to make the crime rates look as if they are going down when they are clearly not."
Abstract In this paper, the author examines a study by W.K. Lauenroth as it is presented in "Fundamentals of Physical Geography: 2nd Edition." The author argues that average annual temperature, as a part of climate, is very important in relation to biomass of plant material.
From the Paper "Lauenroth's study is important because it suggests that the average annual temperature can in fact play a deterministic role in influencing primary productivity in natural grasslands. Other "meteorological variables" come into play "such as rainfall, windliness and duration of sunshine" but temperature "is probably the most significant climatic factor in biological terms as all metabolic processes...are temperature dependent" (Ford 17). If the average annual temperature is too low (below approximately four degrees celsius) then, according to Lauenroth's study, the biomass of organic life is essentially zero tonnes per hectare in natural grasslands: this could be due to the fact that low temperatures are correlated with low amounts of sunlight and plants require sunlight to produce their own food."
Tags: biome, climate, geography, grasslands, natural, physical, temperature
Abstract This paper aims to prove that the disappearance of all ships and planes over the Bermuda Triangle immediately suggests the presence of paranormal activities. Thus, it is impossible for anything, or anybody, that has ever crossed the Triangle to disappear without leaving any trace behind without there being some paranormal dimension to the question. After convincing the non-scientist reader that the activities that have occurred within the Triangle are paranormal, it seeks to convince them of scientific evidence that argues the Triangle to be a gateway to a different world.
From the Paper "Since the disappearance of Flight 19, more than 100 ships and planes crossing the Bermuda Triangle, an area of sea close to the Bermuda Islands in the Pacific, have met with a similar fate, without a single body or a piece of wreckage ever being found (Berlitz 1). In 26 years, 1000 people crossed the Triangle and all vanished (Berlitz 1). As a result, very thorough studies and researches have been carried out into the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle, in the hope of finding a scientific answer to the disappearances of all those who have ever crossed the Bermuda Triangle."
Abstract This paper explains that, in Venezuela, there are serious shortcomings in the coverage and ability of the health services, which are made up of the public sector, which bears the greatest responsibility for providing health services; the private sector; and the mixed, or social security, sector. The author points out that the demographic transition in Venezuela, which began with a decline in infant and child mortality, has resulted in the aging of the general population, with associated increases in chronic and degenerative diseases and disabilities. The paper relates that, even while the Venezuelan's social security system is completely destroyed, with a scarcity of drugs and an administrative collapse, there should be an improvement in the preventive policy, especially in the rural areas of the country and in regard to the indigenous people because the future of the epidemiological situation will depend on the country's effort to prevent and control it.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Health System
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cancer
Accident and External Causes
Communicable Diseases
Response of the Health System
Now, What Can Be Done?
From the Paper "Venezuela was affected by the economical and social crisis that hit Latin America in the 1980s and continued unto the 1990s. As a result, the population has been affected by growing poverty and violence, while the political system has weekend as well as corruption, which has become more widespread. The country's socio-economic situation has been adversely affected by an inflation rate of around 20 percent (13) resulting in a widening gap between the rich and the poor (up from 7.5% according to the indicators reported by the PAHO by 1995). This difference between the populations, together with a collapsed security system has increases the absolute risk of significant social problems, like accidents and violence. In Venezuela approximately 25 people day died due to common crime, this is more than what was killed in the war with Iraq."
Abstract This paper contends that Peter Marsden successfully brings several muddled issues into focus in his book, "The Taliban: War, Religion and the New World Order in Afghanistan". The paper claims that the author neither demonizes nor glorifies the Taliban in his constructive and scholarly overview of the movement. The paper discusses the book and considers it a useful starting point for a fruitful investigation of the Taliban, in particular, and radical Islam in general. The theme and tone of Marsden's book are diplomatic, and thus the book also allows students of international relations to grasp the objective and unbiased perspectives necessary to approach complex global issues. The Taliban, in fact, provide a prime example of the difficulties in forging dialogue between divergent cultures.
From the Paper "One of the main strengths of Marsden's book is his dedication to framing the Taliban within a broader historical, cultural, and religious framework. In addition to offering the background historical information in the early chapters of the book, describing how the Taliban eventually were able to take power in Kabul, the author also includes an outline of early and convergent Islamic movements in Chapter Six. Marsden compares and contrasts these movements, taking care to respect the specific ethnic and cultural traditions that support them. While Marsden does not treat Islam as a homogenous religious force, he does note the inevitable similarities between Islamic movements, especially as they draw upon religious scripture as the source for political policy. Indeed, one of the main difficulties in forming dialogue with radical Islamic movements is that those movements are informed directly by religion, whereas in European and North American secular societies, religion and politics inhabit separate spheres. Great difficulties arise when the religiously-grounded politics of the Taliban conflict with the secular morals and ethics of other cultures around the world."
Abstract Saudi Arabia endures a unique history. It is the heartland of the Islamic religion and holds strong to the original traditions and values of the nation. The paper explains that the government is based primarily on Islamic law, and while simple additions and implementations have modernized the country, they have not forfeited any of the country's values or Islamic heritage. Saudi Arabia's geography is quite rare and plays a role in its economy. It looks at how agricultural improvements, along with the stable and ever-improving oil industry, have benefited the economy greatly. It concludes that Saudi Arabia will open itself to modernization over time, but is safe in its endeavors, as it is intent on upholding strong Islamic heritage and practices above all else.
From the Paper "The first establishments of Saudi Arabia lied along the Arabian Peninsula in the early 18th century. The Middle East, of which Saudi Arabia lies, is the birthplace of civilization. Pioneers of the era set the stage for the climb of civilization in countries such as Babylon, Nineveh and Egypt through the early development of farming communities, developing agriculture, trading and the invention of writing. Evidence shows that trading along the Fertile Crescent (stretches from present-day Iraq to Turkey), as well as with Egypt and the Roman Empire, dates back to 3000 B.C. Early trade merchandise includes limited agricultural products, spices, textiles, gold and frankincense. Although Saudi Arabia experienced significant development in a short period, the country's most remarkable growth was during the 1930s due to oil discovery (Royal, 1)."
Abstract This paper focuses in great detail on the earthquake of 1886 that occurred in Charleston, South Carolina. It starts with introduction to the city and its brief in order to help better understand the calamity and its impact on the city. It then describes the tragedy and discusses how people of Charleston reacted to this natural disaster and how the city was rebuilt.
Outline
Introduction to the City
Charleston Brief History
Response of People to 1886 Natural Calamity
Rebuilding Process
From the Paper "It was certainly the worst time for Charleston to endure an earthquake. After the civil war, the city had been economically weak and in the next two decades, it continued suffering because of the commercial dominance of the North. In 1880s, North became very more economically superior when railroad system was established. Charleston, the city that once claimed to be the most powerful commercial hub of the South was experiencing some economically tough times when the earthquake struck and further relegated the process of recovery."
Abstract This paper covers the first medical maps made and includes copies of each map described. The paper describes the disease of malaria and how modern medical mapping is applied to the study of malaria.
Introduction
Medical Maps
Diseases around the World Being Mapped
Conclusion
From the Paper "Malaria kills a child every 30 seconds in developing nations. Despite numerous attempts to exterminate it, malaria is one of the few diseases that have been able to continue to spread. During the 1950's, the world health organization stated that Malaria would be eradicated by the use of DDT by the end of the decade. DDT, a miracle insecticide was found in the 1960's to continually decrease in effectiveness. DDT was able to stop large populations of mosquitoes from developing to adulthood. The extermination of mosquitoes, in theory, would destroy the carrier of Malaria, and the disease would die out. DDT was found to have adverse effects in the several environmental areas. The insecticide is soluble in fat. If fish take in the insecticide by consumption of food in an area that has been applied with DDT, then the DDT is concentrated in the fatty tissues of the fish. The fish then can be consumed by a bird, but the bird will most likely consume many fish in one day. This growth in concentration of DDT creates abnormal effects in animals that are high on the food chain. DDT was found to cause the calcium in bird eggs to leech out, making the egg walls very thin, and easily cracked. The cracking of eggs caused the decrease of many bird populations. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned its use n December of 1972 because of the adverse effects the DDT caused. The banning of the DDT chemical for broad use in many highly developed countries spurred the development of other ways to stop the spread of malaria. The extermination of mosquitoes became an unviable avenue. After the banning of DDT in the United State, the focus became clear that Malaria must be contained by the use of drugs that would be distributed to people."
Tags: drug, manufacturers, infections, evolving, resistant, doctors, geographers, world
Abstract This paper explains how and why hazard mitigation is our best defense against the power of tropical storms. The paper also describes and explains the technology and design used for hazard mitigation and that the use of technology and engineering are the best ways to integrate mitigation into buildings.
From the Paper "On August 24th, 1992, Hurricane Andrew appeared on the horizon, off of Florida's south eastern coastline. Winds of over 170 miles per hour blasted through Florida's peninsula while a seventeen foot storm surge caused severe coastal flooding to many of the major roadways and utilities (Provenzo, 2002). Figure 1 shows the pressure that can be created, per foot, by blowing winds. Florida would bear the brunt of the storm as it moved due west bisecting much of southern Florida, on August 25th, the storm finished movement over the peninsula, and turned north to Louisiana, a low lying area (Provenzo, 2002). The hurricane then would move north, and slowly dissipate as it reached the interior of the United States of America. When the storm was over, many families were in shock to see most of their houses destroyed, and many of the roadways inundated with standing water. The cost of the Hurricane in the United States was $26.5 billion in damage in the United States, of which $1 billion occurred in Louisiana and the rest in south Florida (Provenzo, 2002). The cost in human lives would also be high for the United States, twenty three people would die the day the hurricane first hit land, and thirty one people would die in the days after the hurricane initially made landfall. Eighteen of the 54 direct deaths attributed to Hurricane Andrew occurred during the recovery phase (Cook, 1995). Of those identified, eight were stress-induced heart attacks, three were either people falling in damaged buildings or hit by debris while cleaning up, and two were children who died in fires in damaged homes. This large number is placed into perspective when also confronted with the fact that nationwide, hurricanes annually account for an average of 17 deaths. The vast majority of the damage in Florida was due to the winds. Many of the house designs at the time overlooked the additional costs of adapted the most up to date techniques of home construction, which have a chance to mitigate the threat of a hurricane (Cook,1995). Those that did utilize construction techniques capable of coping with high winds returned to find many of their homes destroyed. Debris that reached over 85 miles an hour crashed into the house, puncturing the sides and allowing high pressures of wind to enter destroying the main structure by applying pressure from the inside out. Many people believed there seemed to be no way to cope with the power of the hurricane after hurricane Andrew. The aftermath of Hurricane Andrew jumpstarted the industry of engineering a home to survive the high powered winds, devastating storm surge, and heavy weighted debris that can accompany a hurricane. Many of the newest home designs would be tested, not in a computer, or in a wind tunnel, but in the middle of four hurricanes. One of the worst hurricane seasons ever recorded would occur twelve years after Hurricane Andrew, in September of 2004. Mitigation represents our best defense against the power of tropical storms, and the use of technology and engineering are the best ways to integrate mitigation into buildings."
This paper presents the history of the Railroad Station of Belmar, New Jersey, situated on the New Jersey Peninsula, as a potential site for preservation.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
Abstract This paper explains that the value of historic structures in this area is lucrative in terms of investment of any type and secure in terms of return-investment through return business in the form of tourists. The author stresses that the borough of Belmar and the surrounding and outlying areas are rich in the areas of science, military, government, social history, and architectural history. The paper concludes that, due to the small area of land that composes the borough of Belmar, the age of the building that constitutes the Belmar Railway Station, the location of the station, the going price of real estate in the area of Belmar on the Jersey Coast, and the immeasurable historical value of the station, any expenditures toward the preservation of the architectural structure of the nearly 100-year old station is a sound investment and should be strongly considered as a place of designation for historic structure grants. Many illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objective
A Town of Many Names
The History of Belmar
Belmar: The Beginning
Significance of Historical Value of Train Station in Belmar
Belmar: Unique in many Areas of Development
The Train Station in Belmar
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "The Jersey Shoreline is home of the boardwalk with something for everyone from fishing to swimming as well as being inclusive of Victorian walking tours and many other delights as sandcastle contests, waterfront promenades, chowder festivals, band concerts, and countless other tourist delights. There are paddleboat cruises along the Jersey shoreline and Belmar is the host of the annual New Jersey Seafood Festival that takes place each summer, which draws a crowd of tourists in the form of both families as well as college-aged individuals. Belmar's beaches are wide and Belmer is one of the main charter-fishing industries in the area being located on Shark River."
Abstract California, located in the western part of the United States, is the third largest state in the nation. This paper looks at the geography of California and the diversity of the region.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Regions
Klamath Mountains
Coastal Ranges
The Sierra Nevada
Central Valley
Cascade Mountains
Basin and Range Region
The Los Angeles Ranges
The San Diego Ranges
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Cascade Range stretches over 700 miles across Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and Southern British Columbia, running parallel to the Pacific, about 100-150 miles inland. Although often described as a northern continuation of the Sierra, Nevada Mountains, "the Cascades are not an extension of the Sierra Nevadas. They are a completely separate range with different origins. The Cascades are largely volcanic; the Sierras are fault block mountains." (Cletheroe). In California, there is still one active volcano called Lassen Peak located in the southern Cascades. In California, Mount Shasta is also part of the Cascade Range."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the unique make-up of the island of Jamaica. It begins by surveying its early history. It then looks at the issue of sugar farming and how this impacted the Jamaican slave trade. The history after slavery is detailed, looking at the period of independence in the 1930s.
From the Paper "While the people are generally of West African descent there is are also a large number of various minorities: these include East Indians, as well as Chinese, Europeans, Syrians and Lebanese. "Approximately 95 percent of all Jamaicans are of partial or total African descent, including 76 percent black, 15 percent mulatto, and 4 percent either black-East Indian or black-Chinese." (Hudson Rex A., and Seyler, Daniel J)
Religious activities also play an important part in the identity of the Jamaican people. There are a wide variety of denominations, including the popular Rastafarian regions group. One of the most striking trends in Jamaican religious life has been the increase of charismatic or evangelical Christian groups. (ibid) English is the official language of Jamaica. There is however a specific dialect spoken by many locals, which incorporates various African, French and Spanish elements."
Abstract This paper contends that the changing economic climate has had various impacts on the process of urban development in the United Arab Emirates' cities. The paper presents a research proposal to assess urban development options through a case study of urban projects in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, such as Palm Island in Dubai and Lulua Island in Abu Dhabi. The conceptual framework is the regulation theory.
Outline
Introduction
Objective
Findings of Importance
Methodology
Literature Review
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Just twenty years ago Dubai was a small trading port. The nineteenth century witnessed growth in the village when the Bani Yas tribe, in the number of around 800 individuals settled in Dubai. By the first of the 20th century Dubai had begun to witness settlers coming from Baluchistan, Iran and India due to the fact that Dubai contained 350 shops and was gaining in prosperity by this time. Dubai was said to be a "natural haven" (History of Dubai Online) for those who left Lingah, on the Persian coast. The Indian population that had made Dubai their home were active merchants and the village gained a "cosmopolitan atmosphere as well as an air of tolerance" and this began to draw more foreigners to the region. During the 1930's approximately one-fourth of the population were not native citizens or the amount of 20,000 member of the population plus, 2,000 Persians and 1,000 Baluchis."
Abstract This paper presents a country report of Russia in the wake of the break-up of the Soviet Union. The key recent developments in Russia are examined, as well as the main challenges or problems that are currently facing Putin. The paper explores various regional issues, including Russia's relations with neighboring countries and the obstacles to progress.
From the Paper "In the initial years after the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, President Boris Yeltsin faced vigorous opposition by the communist old guard in the government. Although Yeltsin managed to suppress communist opposition by adopting a new Russian constitution and consolidating his political power, Russia's transition to a market economy was extremely painful. Following a major economic collapse in 1998 , continuing economic problems and poor personal health, Yeltsin resigned on December 31, 1999 and appointed Vladimir Putin as his successor."
