Abstract This paper uses three critical works to discuss the obscure setting of story line in this novel. The writer briefly describes the life of Baldwin growing up as a neglected child and never fitting in to the social circles he chose - black man in a white man's world. The plot of the story is also analyzed as to how it connects with the lifestyle of the author. The writer concludes that Baldwin's selection of a Parisian setting was larger due to his experiences as a gay black man.
From the Paper "To better understand the thematic importance of Paris and the room in this book, we need to begin with the author. Baldwin, who was born at Harlem Hospital to an unmarried, 20-year-old woman, was teased as a child because he was small and effeminate. When he was three, his mother married David Baldwin, a laborer and Baptist preacher who was often violent and abusive to his family. At age 24, James Baldwin was scared and unhappy about the way blacks were treated in America. He had only $40 in his pocket, but he escaped to Paris where he did much of his writing. His passion for issues regarding race and sexually prompted him to write and publish more than 22 books of essays, fiction, poetry and drama."
Abstract The paper shows that women's correctional facilities are a common feature in the American state and federal prison systems, but this was not always the case - in the early nineteenth century, women were imprisoned alongside the men in state facilities. The paper traces the history of the establishment of separate institutes as well as illustrates, with statistical data, the rise in female inmates. Finally, it looks at the future of these facilities and how they can be improved.
From the Paper "The number of women in prison has been increasing and is likely to continue to do so, especially so long as the drug trade attracts many women and so leaves them open to arrest. More women than men in prison are drug users, another reason for the large number of women imprisoned for drug offenses. There will be more pressure in the future for added protections for women in prison, such as providing for more women corrections officers to reduce sexual abuse. Better facilities for family visits and for keeping infant children with their mothers would also benefit the inmates, the children, and society at large."
Abstract The paper provides an overview of the topic of sexism and offensive messages in advertisements. It points out that the average American views up to 3000 advertisements a day and therefore the messages that come across have a huge impact on the viewer. The paper uses the example of De Beers diamond ads as an example of sexist advertising and offers suggestions, such as boycotting products, as a means to control offensive messages.
From the Paper "The ways in which women are stripped of their individuality through traditional advertising tropes can be seen in a DeBeers billboard that was recently easily spotted when driving on local freeways. What is so striking about this ad is that it manages to be offensive and sexist without actually portraying any women at all. But by trading on sexist stereotypes that should be long dead (or rather, should never have existed in the first place but most certainly have no business being brought in to play now) it qualifies as a perfect example of how are inundated with messages in the mass media that diminish women in a way that should make us all ashamed."
Abstract This paper analyzes the film "Boys Don't Cry" created in 1999, which explores how we identify gender and differentiate between the masculine and the feminine. The paper describes the story of the female Teena Brandon who masquerades herself as the male Brandon Teena. It illustrates visually that identity as male and female actually involves only a relative few visual and aural cues. The author writes that society does not tolerate that much freedom and that those who step too far outside the gender boundaries society has set are destroyed. The paper demonstrates how gender is not the only issue being tested in this film, for ideas about small towns, tolerance, and the threat of the outsider are also examined.
From the Paper "The film Boys Don't Cry (1999, Kimberly Peirce) is based on a true story and raises numerous real-world issues in its story of a murder case in middle America in which the victim was a girl who successfully passed herself off as a boy. The film delves into gender issues, questions of identity, and the ethics of interpersonal relationships. First, the viewer asks why so many people were fooled for such a long time by this masquerade."
Abstract This paper examines in-depth the use of sex in advertisements. The author writes that the use of sex in advertising is not a new concept but its strategy and openness are ever changing aspects of the hawking of wares. The paper uses many sources and sample advertisements to demonstrate the use of sex and our individual insecurities to sell products. As society has become more forward with sexual expression so has advertisement.
From the Paper "The world is becoming an increasingly competitive place. While the globalization process moves forward, and teenagers grow up faster than ever before marketing departments are scrambling to discover the secret to targeting the markets for their clients. Marketing departments have a very demanding position in the world of advertising. They must study many aspects of society in order to come up with and present in the best possible light the products they have been charged with selling. It is something that requires a deep understanding of human nature, a grasp on different markets, ages and interests, and the understanding of where the lines are drawn between offensive and alluring. The use of sex in advertising is not a new concept but its strategy and openness are ever changing aspects of the hawking of wares. Many of the changes over the years have to do with a more open societal acceptance of its use and its boundaries. Sex in advertising is not a new concept."
Abstract This paper shows how a sense of identity is developed and how this identity is then judged by the individual to create their level of self-esteem. The paper examines the three aspects of race, class and gender, with a focus on how this impacts self-esteem and how it creates an individual's identity.
From the Paper "Identity is a characteristic that defines a person and impacts everything they do, from the relationships they form, to the work they do and everything in between. Identity is the one characteristic of an individual that remains with them at all times, whether they are alone, socializing, working or with their families. Identity is a constant companion of an individual and determines how they see themselves and how they feel about themselves. This first part is self-image, the second part is self-esteem which is defined as one of the key components of an individuals personality (Seamon & Kenrick 398)."
Abstract This paper considers the status of women as a reflection of their sexuality and race. It looks at the social status of women in the period of slavery in the southern U.S., and highlights the differences between slaves and slaveholders. Women of the Victorian era, Colonial times, American Revolution and Native American women are also discussed.
From the Paper "Women have always maintained a different social position than men, and it has usually been based on their gender and sexuality. Women attain these positions in a wide variety of ways, from using marriage as a stepping-stone, to creating their own roles defined by their sexuality. "For example, Mary Jenkins Chambers, the mistress of a planter household, had worked her way into the highest echelons of southern society through the time-honored fashion of 'marrying up.' In 1831, while still a teenager, she married Joseph Hart, only to become widowed before her twenty-first birthday. In 1834, she married Elijah Barnett, whom she also outlived, and she married her final husband, Asa Chambers, of Montgomery County, at the age of forty-one in 1856. As the owner of twenty-one slaves and eight hundred acres of land, Chambers was one of Montgomery County's wealthiest men" (Bynum 16).
In the South, being a white woman in Southern society meant confronting the issue of slavery sometime during your life. "Because the institutions of the family and slavery were interlocked, white women occupied an important place in the cultural and economic life of southern society. Wives of slaveholders served as conduits for the transmission of power and property from one generation to the next. As caretakers of the family, they also oversaw much of the daily workings of the slave system. Finally, as the repository of a southern code of honor that regarded them as symbols of racial and sexual purity, white women maintained the racial distinctions that were crucial to the continued hegemony of white men" (Bynum 64). The planter's wives served as a beacon of gentility, and looked the other way when their husbands sired mulatto children with the slave women. Their place in society was accepted and secure, as long as they kept their mouths shut."
From the Paper "In our contemporary landscape, violence masquerading as the display of machismo and the relentless pursuit of beauty are celebrated. American boys and girls are constantly bombarded by a barrage of images that pressure them to fit into cultural stereotypes. While boys are mesmerized by the cold steel of modern weaponry in the gun culture, girls are dazzled by the vast array of fashion, beauty products, diet programs and plastic surgeries. The bottom line is that boys are judged by what they do and girls by how they look. This fundamental characteristic ultimately defines the crucial differentiation between the two genders and their social roles.
According to the typical masculine stereotype, men are not allowed to display their weak emotions, such as sadness and fear. Consequently, with the passage of time, the long-term.."
Abstract Nonverbal communication takes place in every social setting, though often it is not recognized for what it is or for what it means. Much research has been undertaken in recent years to analyze different kinds of nonverbal communication, and much of this research has addressed issues of interpersonal and inter-gender communication, addressing questions of interpersonal attraction, flirting, interactions in business situations, comparisons of male versus female interpretations of nonverbal behavior, and so on.
From the Paper "I. INTRODUCTION
Nonverbal communication takes place in every social setting, though often it is not recognized for what it is or for what it means. Much research has been undertaken in recent years to analyze different kinds of nonverbal communication, and much of this research has addressed issues of interpersonal and inter-gender communication, addressing questions of interpersonal attraction, flirting, interactions in business situations, comparisons of male versus female interpretations of nonverbal behavior, and so on. An examination of the literature shows some of the parameters of this research and suggests ways of interpreting the findings and applying them to different situations."
Abstract This paper examines the role of men and women as consumers. It looks at how they view shopping, use different products and think differently about coupons and sale prices. It evaluates the standard stereotypes, that women shop for food and clothes while men for cars and homes andshows how these sterotypes have not changed even though the roles of men and women in society is constantly changing.
From the Paper "Most women's main role is to take care of the family, even if they work, so they tend to do make a majority of purchases related to home and the family. This makes them more familiar with products, prices, sale times, and bargain hunting. In fact, more and more advertising is being geared to women, because advertisers realize they are responsible for the bulk of purchases for the family. Many more women are also taking responsibility for major purchases, such as homes and cars, and even investing, and advertising reflects this. Watching television advertising, you see more ads geared to women, including car ads, liquor ads and investing ads."
Abstract This paper attempts to dissect the concept of anger as a mixture of thoughts, feelings and emotions. It provides various definitions and interpretations and analyzes how it is caused. It shows how unexpressed anger can create problems leading to pathological portrayals of anger, such as passive-aggressive behavior and how anger turned inward may cause hypertension, high blood pressure or depression. It evaluates if anger is particularly gender specific since boys have more frequent temper tantrums than girls and discusses various forms of anger management giving examples from the Bible.
From the Paper "As culturally prescribed sex roles fade in our culture, the gender differences in aggressiveness may decline but will men become less aggressive or women more aggressive or both (mentalhelp.org)? The crime rate for women is increasing much more quickly than for men (mentalhelp.org). Also, experimental studies of punishment show women administering just as much electric shock to test subjects as men do (mentalhelp.org). Boys and men expect acting aggressive to pay off, girls and women don't (mentalhelp.org). Women experience more distress and guilt after aggressing than men do; they also are more sympathetic with the victim afterwards (mentalhelp.org). Some studies show that about 50% of college students both males and females account having been physically aggressive to some extent (from throwing something to beating up on someone) (mentalhelp.org)."
A research proposal to determine the effects on young people including an introduction, literature review, problem statement, method, questionnaire and conclusion.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, 1994, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Introduction
This research describes a proposal to identify the effects of sexual innuendoes in advertising in magazines on pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults, and to compare the effects on pre-teens and teenagers with the effects on young adults. This proposal includes a literature review, research problem statement, research method description, and conclusion.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sexual innuendo is widely used in magazine advertising (Hatfield, 1992, pp. 174-175). An emphasis on sex characterizes a high proportion of contemporary advertising directed specifically at teenagers and pre-teens. The use of explicit sexual stimuli in advertising is not without drawbacks, however, for advertisers. While research found that explicit sexual stimuli does not adversely..."
Abstract Analysis of Humphreys' book on the sociology of deviance. Book centers on a study of men from mainstream society (most married) who engaged in impersonal sex with other men in public bathrooms. Subculture. Risks involved (exposure, police) and reward (sexual satisfaction). Faults author's controversial research strategy (posing as a deviant to obtain information) & his methodology as violations of the freedom & privacy rights of his subjects, and as lacking depth. Praises book for its enlightening perspective.
From the Paper "In Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places, Laud Humphreys redefined the sociology of deviance by showing that men from mainstream society were the main participants of a highly deviant activity?impersonal sex in restrooms dubbed the tearoom (Rainwater in Humphreys, 1975, p. xiii). Unlike prevalent conceptions of deviant acts as belonging solely to a deviant subculture, such as the gay culture, tearoom sex involves men who are married and live with their wives (Humphreys, 1975, p. 105).
Depending on how far their deviant behavior deviated from the rest of their lives, these men faced different risks by participating in tearoom sex. Therefore, Humphreys (1975) discovered that married men with a respectable position in mainstream society compensated for their deviant behavior by..."
Abstract This paper discusses the basic issues of infertility. The statistics of infertility in the United States are presented and its causes are outlined. The paper illustrates and explains the different diagnostic procedures used to determine the causes of infertility. The paper claims that the majority of cases of infertility are treated with drugs or surgery. The emotional and psychological aspects of infertility are discussed. The issues discussed in this paper reveal that the condition is in fact a couple's problem that should be a public health matter.
Introduction
Occurrences of Infertility in the U.S. Population
Causes of Infertility
Treating Infertility
Medical and Health Issues Associated with Infertility
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "The desire to have children is almost universal. Thus, whether driven by biology, emotional needs, or social pressure, most adults will seek to have a child at some point in their lives, usually taking for granted that they will be able to do so by the usual biological route (Fidler & Bernstein, 494). However, the inability to conceive a child is a condition that affects millions of Americans each year and has a profound impact on a person's self-esteem, personal relationships, sense of value, and sense of purpose, her health and her pocketbook (Fidler & Bernstein, 494)."
Abstract The word "family" typically conjures up the image of an ideal household of two parents of opposite sex and their children. The paper shows that gay men and lesbians who seek to legalize their relationships in same-sex unions or gain custody of their children often face an uphill battle in their effort to form a family. Although gay men and lesbians merely want to exercise the rights enjoyed by heterosexual couples, conservatives view their effort to legalize same-sex unions as a campaign as a strategy to spread the practice of homosexuality and thus affect public morality. The paper shows that essentially, for the conservatives, the traditional definition of a family that has endured for over 6,000 years is at stake.
From the Paper "Various studies comparing the parenting styles of homosexual and heterosexual parents and the children's development in homosexual and heterosexual households have not been able to validate stereotypical conceptions of homosexual partners as inadequate parents. In fact, the studies frequently show that gay men and lesbians display a greater capacity for parenting (McNeill 3). Furthermore, studies on parent-children relationships have shown that gay fathers are more sensitive towards their children and try harder to be a better parent because of their own experiences (McNeill 7). Ultimately, these studies corroborate the fact that there are many same-sex couples who lead responsible and monogamous lives. The stereotypical perception of gay men and lesbians essentially denies the existence of committed same-sex couples who have formed a "family" for years, like many other heterosexual families."
