Abstract The paper provides a detailed analysis, as well as a personal review, of the oil and magna painting "Stepping Out' by artist Roy Lichtenstein, which is displayed in the The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The paper shows how "Stepping Out" is a work of Pop Art and seems to epitomize the superficiality of the dating experience in America. The paper also describes other works of art by Roy Lichtenstein.
From the Paper "Artists like Lichenstein and Warhol represented the natural creative progression of twentieth century art. Moving away from the abstract expressionist vogue they depicted the everyday reality of mass culture. Themselves emerging from a background in commercial art, they used familiar objects both to allow viewers to relate directly to art and to offer social satire.
Contemporaries, Lichtenstein and Warhol matured in their art under the heritage of American forerunners Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns who planted the seeds of Pop Art. Rauschenberg constructed collages from household objects and Johns repetitively painted American flags and bull's-eye targets. These artists in turn emerged under the influence of European forerunners like Richard Hamilton who produced Just What Is It That Makes Today's Home So Different, So Appealing? in 1956."
Abstract The paper examines the issue of the author Oscar Wilde's homosexuality, how it was portrayed in his writings, accepted by society, and how he was eventually taken to court and found guilty of gross indecency. It looks at how homosexuality was not "obvious" to Victorian society and Wilde often engaged with a kind of cat and mouse game with his reading public as a closeted homosexual author. Famously, the word "earnest" was slang in many circles for homosexuality and queerness and it reviews his play "The Importance of Being Earnest" as a heterosexual comedy of manners.
From the Paper "Throughout both of his trials, Wilde adopts a kind of insouciant, provocative pose that seems, to the modern eyes, to be a "typical" portrait of a flamboyant male homosexual. Because Oscar Wilde's artistic medium has become synonymous with such a posture it is difficult to re-read history with open eyes. However, the answer as to why Wilde thought he could ?get away with it,? would seem to be found, not so much in the actual, textual evidence of either the trials or Wilde's later works during and after his imprisonment. Rather it is the attitude by which sexuality in general, and homosexuality in particular, was viewed by Wilde's Victorian reading public."
Abstract This paper discusses how radical feminism today is not only harmful in image, but has its principles backwards with its continued passion for gender uniformity in America today. It examines the differences between inequality and discrimination with examples through history of female oppression and feminism. It looks at how certain types of militants are twisting feminism into a reverse discrimination that harms the integrity of the feminist movement itself. Men and women don?t need to be the same.
From the Paper "Looking through these centuries of structural and attitudinal oppression, it's easy to understand the fire with which female suffragists ignited their cause. Slowly, women began speaking. They began thinking. One historical example of the loss of intellectual inhibition was Dolly Madison's letters to her husband, President James Madison. Not only did she use sarcasm to poke at him, she was also quite frank and candid with her thoughts. She even urged President Madison to "remember the ladies" when constructing the new constitution. The culmination of these strides was the Seneca Falls convention of 1848. Female activists including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott gathered together to discuss and make plans for the future of feminine equality."
Tags: discrimination, equality, gloria, reverse, rights, steinem, women
Abstract The paper investigates a unique characteristic found within the development of male orangutans whereby the reaching of complete maturity and adulthood among a portion of orangutan males, both in the wild and captivity, is held off and slowed down by natural means. The paper explains how developmentally arrested orangutans remain subadults, smaller and less physically mature than their fully grown adult male counterparts. It explores a number of studies which have been conducted to attempt to determine the reasons and causes for what is often called bimaturism. The paper shows that because of the lower status of subadult males, female orangutans prefer to copulate with dominant, fully mature males. Often, in order to receive sexual gratification, subadult orangutans force unwilling females to have sex and the act of rape is extremely common among orangutans. The paper shows how a number of studies have been conducted in order to better understand the reasons for bimaturism and the effects of the trait on orangutan populations and the species as a whole.
From the Paper "Because of their solitary, illusive nature, it is often difficult to observe orangutans in the wild. It was previously believed that orangutan males reached puberty sometime between the ages of seven and nine. Researchers thought that developing males would spend a few years in an intermediate stage, before becoming a full grown adult sometime between twelve and fourteen. However, after populations were established in zoos, scientists noted that subadults would remain in the arrested development stage as long as a dominant male was present. When the fully mature male was removed, the subadult males would physically develop the traits of dominant males, most notably the wide cheek pads, and long, brightly colored hair."
This paper discusses issues of marriage and infidelity: Pervasiveness, history, causes, male-female differences, non-sexual and social aspects and future.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, 1980, $ 55.95
From the Paper Marriage and infidelity have gone hand in hand since probably the beginning of marriage as an institution. Its origins are elusive, yet at least one author blames Aristotle for at least part of the problem of infidelity, if it even is a problem. According to Suzanne Br(gger, Aristotle "was the first to promulgate the principles of Western logic--the identity axiom, for example, which implies that we can love only one person at a time . . . .".
This gets us into the reasons for infidelity. Br(gger's opinion is that infidelity got its start because of the prevailing philosophy that true love can handle only one person at a time. Having more than one "lover" indicates that one is really not in love with anyone. Br(gger disputes this saying ... "
Discusses negative effects of viewing & using pornography, emphasizing violence against women, distorted perceptions of sexuality, reduction of human beings to sexual objects, rise in aggression and sexual dysfunction.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 18 sources, 1989, $ 79.95
From the Paper " "I know all about you bitches, you're no different,
you're like all of them. I seen it in all the movies.
You love being beaten. (He then began punching the
victim violently). I just seen it again in that flick.
He beat the shit out of her while he raped her and she
told him she loved it; you know you love it, tell me
you love it" (Silbert & Pines, 1984).
This excerpt was taken from an interview with a woman who was recalling the comments of the violent assailant who raped (...)"
From the Paper "Male and female sex-roles are determined by a variety of biological and cultural influences on a society. The biological factor in gender role determination is arrived at through noting the physical differences which exist between the male and female bodies. Because men's bodies in general are physically stronger than women's bodies, it is assumed that men were intended by nature to serve as the hunters and warriors of a society. On the other hand, because women's bodies are uniquely designed to bear children, it is assumed that women were created for the purpose of caring for the home and family. This division of labor between the sexes has existed in one form or another since the earliest period of human history. However, the status of the male in society as the aggressive hunter who provides food for the family has caused men to traditionally be "more highly valued ... "
This paper discusses comparable worth, the concept of equal pay for women and men doing equal work: Background, legislation, politics, collective bargaining, legalities, economics and outlook.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, 1991, $ 95.95
From the Paper "Schuler reports that the statistics addressing the levels at which women and minorities are paid clearly demonstrate inequity. That is, female- and minority worker-occupations tend to garner wages and salaries that are consistently lower than in those occupations that are dominated by "White" male workers. Moreover, for those women and minorities that do somehow gain entrance to those occupations dominated by "White" males, there is the tendency to earn less on the average than their "White" male counterparts At issue here, as the topic of this research effort, is whether true worth can be established for jobs by workers who perform comparable duties; that is, can comparable worth become ingrained in public sector personnel ... "
A proposal for a study to determine if there is a relationship between the experience of sexual harassment and the experience of sexual revictimization.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, 1992, $ 31.95
From the Paper "Sexual Harassment and Sexual Revictimization
Background to the Study
Over the last two decades, research studies have documented significant rates of child sexual abuse among both female and male children. Estimates for female children under the age of 18 who have experienced at least one incident of abuse ranges from 1 in 4 to 1 in 2.5 among nonclinical samples (Kohn, 1987; Wyatt, 1985). Estimates for male children are approximately 1 in 8.
There are a number of effects that have been associated with childhood sexual abuse, including psychological, sexual, and interpersonal difficulties (Briere, 1992). One additional problem that has been associated with early abuse is sexual..."
From the Paper "Pornography and the First Amendment
Erotic literature, depictions, and displays have been common in all cultures since ancient times, with some of the earliest examples belonging to the ancient Greek civilization, which frequently celebrated the human form in art.1 Although not as prevalent as during the Greek period, erotic art continued to be produced throughout the Roman period, Middle Ages, and Renaissance.2 Throughout these times, little attempt was made by governments to censor or regulate these materials, except during the Puritan period in England and the American colonies during the 17th Century.3
Protected under. the First Amendment of the Constitution, there has been much debate as to what constitutes speech. It is generally agreed that conduct, in order to be protected, must..."
From the Paper "Relative-Percentage of Women in Senior Management
That discrimination against women in the management ranks exists is a given, when their relative percentage is considered. In support of this, the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that between 1981 and 1991, female participation in the work force rose from 45 percent to 46 percent. Within this same time span, the percentage of female managers increased from 27 percent to 41 percent. The percentage of women who are senior executives rose a mere two percent during this same time period, going from one percent to three percent (Segal, 1992, p. 74). With differing percentages, the U.S. Labor Department further confirms that women are relatively less represented in the upper-echelon ranks of management, although they have made considerable gains within the past two decades in lower-level management ranks. Note that ..."
The physical attributes differ significantly between males and females during the pubertal process, with no single, sudden event being accountable for such differences. That is, puberty entails a process that slowly unfolds beginning with conception through adulthood; thus, the onset and termination of this process is difficult to delineate. For this reason, there is difficulty in delineating the pubertal sequence, with individual variation being common. Moreover, there are age differences for the average male and female pubertal. Note that the pubertal sequence may begin at age 10 or as late as age 14 for males, with accelerated growth in the testicles (Petersen, 1979) and/or pubic hair (Tanner, 1970); while it may be at age 10 or as late as age ..."
From the Paper "Women and Aging: A Sociological Perspective
Women growing old in America today face a variety of issues and challenges. In fact, the needs of today's older woman have received increased attention in the media and in the halls of Congress. Yet, who are today's older women? Is there really a single definition of women growing old today? Are there differences within this group, and how do these differences account for the varying experiences known to old women? It is the purpose of this paper to answer some of these questions and, in particular, to explore ways in which aging women are affected by gender-specific concerns, demographic, economic, and physiological changes in late life.
Some of the experiences of the later stages of life are influenced by gender. According to Lou Glasse, researchers and..."
From the Paper "The effect of gender roles on television have been considered in recent years by sociologists and psychologists as well as media critics, in part based on a concern that the way women are portrayed in the media has a deleterious effect on the way women are viewed in society at large. Women's roles in society have been changing through the determined efforts of feminists and sympathetic political groups over the past two decades, and some of these changes are clearly reflected on television, in film, and in other media portrayals. At the same time, it is evident that progress in changing media portrayals is behind the curve as far as the degree of equality that should be depicted, the roles given to women in the media, and the roles women play behind the scenes in the media as well. Some areas of the media are more regressive than others in this regard, and a..."
From the Paper "Abstract
The increasing attention accorded to the issues of date rape and sexual harassment will provide the justification for a proposed research study that will investigate the function of gender as an explanatory variable in relation to differences in attitudes and values that lead to dating behaviors that culminate in sexual harassment or date rape. The literature indicates that males on the average begin dating an earlier age than do females in American society, tend to have more dating experience than do their female dating partners, and as a consequence, are more likely than are females to have established behavioral patterns that they tend to following all dating experiences regardless of who their partner may be, and without consideration for differing attitudes and values that may be held by a dating partner. The literature also indicated..."
