An exploration of the differences between the way men and women communicate, the roots of this communication and ways to communicate effectively together.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 3 sources, 2001, $ 75.95
Abstract This paper explores the differences in verbal and nonverbal communication between men and women. It explains the roots of these differences and how to alleviate the gender communication crisis.
From the Paper "Do you ever wonder if men and women inhabit different planets? Can men and women be categorized into separate semantic types? Almost everyone would acknowledge that men and women have differences in the way they communicate. The question is: how different are they? Are they so different that the two groups are necessarily polarized to extreme ends of the communication spectrum? This question continues to baffle psychologists, relationship experts and the general public. Some would say that the differences are so minute that the issue is not worth debating. On the other side of the fence, the belief is that these differences are too great that men and women can indeed be confined to opposite poles. John Gray, author of the best-selling book, Men are from Mars, Women are From Venus certainly believes in the latter. According to Gray, men and women are so different in the way they communicate that it is only logical to believe that they originate from entirely different planets (Gray 5)."
Abstract This paper examines the proposal for legalization of same-sex marriage, and how it is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. The author discusses the potential consequences of legalizing same-sex marriage, both positive and negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, and the social structure. Litigation and current laws regarding this issue are discussed. Arguments are made for the legalization of same-sex marriage.
From the Paper "Marriage has changed greatly throughout the years. In Western law, wives are now equal rather than subordinate partners; interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society; and marital failure itself, rather than the fault of one partner, may be grounds for a divorce. Social change has been felt in marriages in recent years as divorce rates have increased and have been integrated into upper class families. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriage or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in Europe and North America."
Abstract The writer looks at overt and covert advertising in order to give the reader a solid understanding of the basic theories that are used to sell products. The writer talks about the different places that new forms of advertising have been tested and show how these are used successfully to entice people to buy a specific product. According to this paper, sex is used in almost every type of advertising and its effect on today's youth is immense. The use of sex in advertising is not new, but the overt nature of it is, something, that this writer feels has now take on a life of its own and is having a negative affect on many people's self-image. The role of sex in today's society and as a result its influence on today's younger generation, is the message that this writer is trying to communicate.
From the Paper "Advertisers will embed the word, ?sex,? in a magazine picture that is not perceived by the human eye or will superimpose pictures of sexual objects on objects like ice cubes and it is not noticed until this is pointed out to people, they will not perceive this either. (Key 9 ? 12)
Whether or not subliminal advertising works is still a matter of debate.
Should sex be used in advertising? No! CNBC had run an ad that showed scantily dressed women, an ad for a topless club."
Abstract A discussion of the truth behind claims of diminishing gender inequalities. The author looks at why despite their increasing participation within the labor force, many women in today's world are still subject to unfair treatment in regard to pay, prospects and power. The findings are that society still condones a situation whereby women's pay remains lower than that of men; where women are disproportionately represented in managerial and senior positions; and where women's double burden of employment and child rearing results in the erosion of their employment rights and conditions.
From the Paper "The primary reason for writing a paper on the topic of Women in the Workplace is to establish the level of truth, or fallacy, that lies behind the increasingly widespread claims of diminishing gender inequalities. Few topics continue to provoke such a wealth of academic research, political discussion and controversial debate, as the lengthy battle for sexual equality and the ending of gender discrimination, yet there exists, within many areas of the public, a general misconception that the fight is now over. It is true that, during the last twenty-five years or so, a combination of government legislation and changing social attitudes, have contributed towards reducing the gulf of disparity that existed between men and women."
From the Paper "In every society, children learn from their parents the concept of "feminine" and "masculine" and what that means in a given culture. After all, much about these conceptions is not biological at all but cultural. The way we tend to think about men and women and their gender roles in society constitute the prevailing paradigm that influences our thinking. This may change over time, and in the last forty years or so we have seen the concept undergo considerable change in the face of the feminist movement and related efforts to challenge traditional attitudes and ideas with something more egalitarian.
At the same time, as we can all see in our own family situations, there are certain gender roles and attitudes that do not change that much. Men and women are differentiated biologically by sexual function and by the general role of women..."
Abstract Argues against institutionalizing single-sex marriages. Discusses societal views on legally sanctioned homosexual union. Benefits and problems for single-sex partners. Civil inequality involved. Changes in marriage over the years. Need to protect traditional marriage. Denfense of current marriage laws. Dangers of widening the definition of marriage structure.
From the Paper "This research provides a counterargument to advocacy of gay marriage. The research will set forth the cultural context in which the issue has arisen in recent years and then discuss reasons that prevent acceptance that institutionalizing gay marriage is either necessary to or desirable for the integrity or the benefit of American civil society.
An Associated Press poll conducted in 2000 found that by a thin majority (51%), Americans are opposed to single-sex marriage; 34% are said to approve of such marriages, while 41% are said to approve of single-sex "domestic partnerships." More than 50% of the poll sample supported the rights of homosexual couples to receive insurance, Social Security, and inheritance benefits from their partners (Barillas, 2001). Numbers may not suit the strongest advocates of gay marriage, but significant ..."
Abstract The situation of the HIV/AIDS client in the United States has changed dramatically in the past few years with the development of new drugs, which seem to promise an extended lifespan to the client. In many instances, however, clients are still too disabled to return to full-time employment in their old jobs. They may also have lost relationships, friends, houses, families, and many of the identifiers that gave their lives meaning. While all this loss may allow for re-creation or transformation of the self, this does not come easily. This paper focuses on the situation of HIV/AIDS clients and the application of existential therapy to their problems. It also provides a history and definition of this particular type of therapy and explains how it differs from the more conventional psychotherapy. The paper includes an outline.
From the Paper "There are two sets of problems associated with HIV/AIDS, the physiological problems and the psychosocial issues. The latter apply to all clients with HIV/AIDS, but there are some particular problems associated with the chosen population of gay males. This is still a stigmatized population (Weitz, 1991). While children and hemophiliacs are considered to be "innocent" victims of HIV/AIDS, this language implies that gay males are not innocent nor victims. Instead, there is a segment of the population that believes that gay males are primarily responsible for HIV/AIDS in this country, others who believe that only gay people get HIV/AIDS, and still others who believe that HIV/AIDS is a punishment from god."
Abstract In the classic tale "Rip van Winkle" by Washington Irving, the story of a man that sleeps through the American Revolutionary War is presented. Yet while the story is intended to be a work of humor, Irving also works to present the war of the sexes as manifest in the conflict between the character of Rip van Winkle and the various female characters that van Winkle encounters within the story. This paper investigates the gender roles in this story.
Abstract Discusses findings of several studies and articles regarding the accuracy of how the two genders communicate. Communication issues include women as instigators of discussion in relationship problems and the male tendency to close off discussion in intimate discussions.
From the Paper "Many studies indicate a difference in communication between men and women. Generally speaking, these findings depict women as the instigators of discussion when ..."
An analysis of male and female conversational styles based on Deborah Tannen's "You Just Don't Understand," which discusses how men and women act substantially differently in a number of ways - including conversational style.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, 2001, $ 28.95
Abstract This paper analyzes the book "You Just Don't Understand by the linguist Deborah Tannen. The sees it as a work of popular psychology written with the intention of analyzing and explaining the different conversational and linguistic styles of men and women. The author cites Tannen's central thesis that some of the difficulties in communication between men and women in the workplace and at home are the result of the inherently different conversational styles of the sexes.
From the Paper "Some of Tannen's theories tend to support common preconceived notions of gender norms. For instance, women are thought to emphasize collaboration and consensus when coming to a group decision. Men tend to use confrontation, even when they are in some form of basic agreement with the individual with whom they are speaking. This male, confrontational style, even when done in a friendly manner, can be alienating to women. Women, in contrast, often use conversation not as a means of communicating information but as a way of reaffirming interpersonal connections. This is why men often think that women are talking about nothing. The purpose of such traditionally female speech is not the topic of conversation that is at hand, rather it is to say, "Yes we're friends", or Yes we're together", or simply "I am here for you." This is why women are often taken aback when, in trying to talk about their day, the man in their life tries to solve the problem their words have brought up, rather than simply listening to them and acknowledging and affirming "Yes, you did have a problem at work today."
Tags: gender, male, female, sexual identity, sex role stereotype
Abstract This essay paints the title character in Stoker's tour de force as the real victim, a victim of society and of orient/occident culture clashes. It examines Dracula not merely as an undead ghoul who terrorizes the London socialites, but as the embodiment of repressed homosexuality in Victorian England at the turn of the century.
From the Paper "Dracula was the victim in Bram Stoker's Dracula. He was the victim of a society afraid of change, and as such, the character acts as an expression of the author's opinion about those who reside outside acceptable British society. Stoker's personal life was one in which the author could not forge a union with society for many reasons, including a childhood illness and an unacceptable lifestyle. It is believed by historians and critics that Stoker was unable to forge a union with society and this is expressed in his broken narrative form in the novel. Dracula the Vampire becomes a parallel to Stoker in the form of repressed homosexuality and an inability to relate to modern British society."
This paper reviews the existing literature and studies of the status of women's pay and position in a changing workplace to determine how it may be possible to further narrow and/or eliminate salary gender gaps.
Abstract The following paper discusses economic changes including the increasing service and technology sectors displacing manufacturing as dominant employers, increasingly more productive and better educated women, changing political and social mores and other issues which significantly place in question policies and situations in which a gender gap exists. This research proposes to review the factors toward recommendations of how businesses can improve productivity through equitable pay supporting workplace diversity and motivation.
From the Paper "In 1963, President Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law, making it unlawful to discriminate against a worker on the basis of sex. Since that time, the wage gap between men and women in the United States has narrowed by just 15 cents, now being 74 cents, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.Pay equality is most prevalent for the 16 to 24 age group, in which women earn more than 90 percent of what men do; however, the gap becomes 75 percent in the 25 to 54 year old group - those at the height of their careers and life responsibilities. ("How Equal is Equal Pay?" Teresa Brady, Management Review, March 1998)."
Abstract This paper begins by defining the term "dating violence" followed by the scope of problems associated with the issue. Furthermore, the paper discusses the risk factors involved in dating violence as well as the early warning signs. The paper further highlights the characteristics of both the victims and the perpetrators and what can be done about the issue. The paper then discusses the myths and realities associated to dating violence, backed by statistics and the recent findings by some of the best experts in the related field the research paper.
Table of Contents
Definition of Dating Violence
Genres of Dating Violence
Dating Violence: Indicators
Conclusion
From the Paper "Violence has many forms and every form is formidable. Heated debate and ongoing extensive research shows the alarmingly increasing rate of dating violence all over the world. In order to well comprehend the issue, it is essential to know the definition as well as the significant information regarding the subject.
"Dating violence has been defined in the following manner:
1) Dating violence can be defined as an error, a threat or a crime committed by one person of an unmarried couple on the other person according to the laws/statements related to dating relationship. Such violence includes any type of sexual abuse, physical violence, verbal or demonstrative abuse. (Sugarman)."
Abstract This paper examines whether or not gender bias plays a role in the courts decisions to convict women and sentence them to death for violent crimes. In order to try to answer these questions, the paper begins by giving a brief history of capital punishment in the United States. The author also discusses some different cases where women were convicted of violent crimes and received the death penalty. The author presents the many factors that were considered when deciding on the sentencing including how gender bias affects the courts' decision when handing down sentencing and how women are often viewed as being victims, as is often the case in domestic abuse, when charged with a crime. The final issue discussed is the role that politics plays in perpetuating how women and capital cases are often dealt with in America.
From the Paper "The case of Karla Faye Tucker has been famous. Karla had killed two people with a pickaxe in 1984. She was put on death row for fourteen years, and in that time, had claimed she found Jesus. She died by lethal injection on February 3rd, 1998. Why such a long wait? If Karla were a male, would the Supreme Court have to wait so long to prove an execution? Well, yes, actually. The courts want a long time to confirm the death sentence on a criminal so they can be precise and just. What perhaps happened to Karla was there were many pleas to free her and, since she was a woman, the court felt it should do something for her sake. For a while, no one had really paid a great deal of concentration to the gender bias until this recent case."
Abstract This paper examines the current situation in which homosexual couples wishing to adopt a child are discriminated against. The writer argues against this practice, stating that one's sexual morality should not take away from one's ability to be a good parent; and that this should be the major criteria for deciding who is fit to adopt.
From the Paper "A home. Two loving parents or at least one loving parent. Two or even one heart filled with unconditional love for a child. Surely this is something that every child should expect to come home to? Of course, not every child born in America today enjoys this luxury. But it is an ideal that every adoption and social service agency should aspire to create. Thus, homosexual parents and homosexual individuals should be allowed to adopt children. Currently, some states, such as Florida, bar gay adoption. Recently, a family overseen by two gay men was broken up by Florida's department of social services, because the law would not allow the couple to formally adopt the. ("Riveted to Rosie" Gay Parent Magazine, March Online Edition) Other states, such as California, do not prohibit gay adoption outright. However, although "a gay or lesbian couple is not legally barred from adopting a child" simply because of sexual orientation and ?it is still more difficult, as a practical matter, for gay and lesbian couples to adopt than for married couples.? (Guerlin & Glima, Chapter 1) Both legal and informal discrimination must cease. An individual's sexuality is not of paramount importance in his or her ability to provide a stable home life. Furthermore, an individual's fitness as a parent should be the primary criteria considered in the adoption process, not his or her morality outside of parental fitness. Lastly, good homes are too scarce for some children in today's adoption market, particularly for older, ailing, or less physically desirable children, to eliminate potential parents because of their sexuality."
