Abstract One of the most remarkable documents ever written on the subject of peace may be Aristophanes's play ,?Lysistrata.? It is a ribald, extremely sexual comedy about an extremely serious subject, namely, the subject of a war between close allies and neighbors. This paper analyzes the play and the theme of war and peace. It looks at the issue of war between the sexes and how this concept was seen through the eyes of an ancient Greek playwright.
From the Paper "Of course, in "Lysistrata" peace between Greeks is only created through war?namely a war between the sexes, ironically. The war is funny, of course, but it must be noted that even if the message of the play may be read as pacifist, it is not necessarily feminist. The women's main "weapons" at their disposal are those of their bodies, even their metaphors are of the home, of children, weaving, and yes, the marital bed. However, Lysistrata's spirit and her willingness to sacrifice what she loves"for Lysistrata does love sex, and love her husband"for a higher cause is seen as virtuous and noble by the playwright."
Abstract This paper reviews Jean Toomer's "Cane", including some powerful vignettes, which highlight just how damaging it can be for men when they do not understand and appreciate women as whole, three-dimensional beings. The paper stresses that each of the central male characters in Toomer's vignettes actually, themselves, create a distance and isolation from the very "thing" they obsess about: getting close to women. The author believes that looking at each of Toomer's vignettes and seeing how each of the male characters creates his own isolation by not seeing the whole woman clearly opens up new questions about the author himself. Maybe Toomer perceives women as flatly as some of his fictionalized male counterparts.
From the Paper "The anonymous "young men" and "old men" in "Karintha" all long in vain to have the lovely young beauty whose ?skin is like dusk, when the sun goes down.? Karintha is put on a pedestal, her idyllic beauty allowing men to project onto her all the ideals associated with beauty, like goodness and innocence. They ignore any aspect of her personality which doesn?t fit with their idea of Karintha; her mischievousness, even her proclivity for cruelty. The men adore Karintha blindly, faun over her and give her money, but instead of making her love them, they cause the opposite affect. We are told that Karintha ?has contempt for them.? "
Abstract This paper is a research into the current trends in HIV and AIDS in America, with the main focus on the demographics of people who are newly infected with the disease. Areas that are discussed include infection rates among various racial and age groups. The author also focuses on the growing sexual subculture with gay and bisexual minorities called the 'down low', which is changing the face of HIV and AIDS as many unsuspecting women are now getting HIV and AIDS from their husbands and boyfriends. Statistics are also provided to reinforce the fact that HIV and AIDS is changing its demographic path. Suggestions are also provided to help eliminate this impeding HIV and AIDS crisis.
From the Paper "HIV and AIDS have also increased in the Latino population. Approximately 40,000 people are infected with the HIV virus each year in the United States. 19 percent of these new cases are Latinos, even though they only comprise 13 percent of the population. HIV is the fourth leading cause of death for Latinos aged 25 to 44 in 2002. One factor that plays a role in this increase is that many people in the Latino community are in the United States illegally and are afraid to come forward for treatment and testing for fear of deportation. As a result of this fear, they are not as informed of the preventative measures that need to be taken to avoid being infected with HIV and AIDS. Another reason for this increase is the number of Latino men who are in prison and engaging in risky sexual activity while behind bars. They in turn infect their girlfriends or wives when they are released from prison. (Smith, 2004)."
Abstract This paper examines how nonverbal communication differs between the genders. This paper focuses on examining three forms of nonverbal communication, facial expressions, eye gazes, and the ability to "decode" the individual meanings behind these gestures. The paper also looks at how men and women use and interpret these gestures differently. The last part of this paper looks at the reasons behind the gender differences in nonverbal communication, focusing on the different socialization of men and women. In this part, the paper also makes recommendations regarding the implications of these gendered forms of nonverbal communication for daily interactions.
From the Paper "In their seminal work on facial movements, Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen argued that there are six basic human emotions -- fear, surprise, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise. Furthermore, the researchers argued that these emotions are expressed through universal facial gestures, using the same facial-muscle movements. People from different parts of the world use the same facial expressions, regardless of culture. However, later studies found significant differences in the degrees of expressiveness in the faces of male and female subjects."
Tags: feminsim, marriage, sex, gender, facial, expression, body, language
Abstract Martin Luther King, Jr. captured a dream that ideally would epitomize a color-blind and gender-blind society. That vision has not materialized, especially in American business practices. This paper shows that sexism and racism coexist with unemployment, underemployment, and poverty. These conditions flourish in our country and feed on one another to perpetuate a cycle of unfulfilled ambitions among women and minorities. The paper argues that the so-called "glass ceiling" is discrimination, and companies who adhere to this tradition are in direct violation of both Title IX and the Civil Rights Laws of 1964 and 1991. The paper comments that what businesses and their captains fail to recognize is that society, as well as the business community, is changing, and without the valuable input of women and minorities, their businesses may very well be in jeopardy.
From the Paper "A seventy- or eighty-hour work week is commonplace for CEOs, and many in this field believe that women are not willing to make that time commitment because their role in the family is to provide a second income and be the primary caretaker of the couple's children. In addition, many women choose not to build the foundation that would qualify them for upper management. For instance, women need an advanced education and need to willingly accept work duties that include making difficult choices, taking risks or performing unpleasant tasks. Oftentimes men adopt an attitude that women deserve lower pay because they simply don?t perform as well as their male counterparts. Moreover, men attribute women's failure to a lack of understanding of the corporate structure and cite this as their biggest stumbling block."
This paper argues that Megan's Law, which requires persons convicted of sexual crimes to register where they are living after being released from prison, is constitutional.
Abstract This paper explains that critics of Megan's Law, which has been adopted in some version of the original New Jersey statute in all fifty states, contend that the law infringes on the constitutional rights of the sex offenders. The author points out that sexual offenders question the registration requirements based on the fact that the offenders feel they are facing a type of double jeopardy. The paper relates that the problem with Megan's Law is not its constitutionally, but rather that the legal process for the law may have some flaws because legislatures tend to respond to horrifying sexual crimes through hurried legal responses.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Megan Kanka
First Megan's Law
Constitutionality
Legal Process
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper "?Megan's Law is named for 7-year-old Megan Kanka, a New Jersey girl who was raped and killed in 1994 by a child molester who moved in across the street from her house.? In July, 1994, Megan was sexually molested and brutally killed by a repeat sexual offender named Jesse Timmendequas. Timmendequas had been convicted two times of serious sexual offenses and he lived in a house with two other sex offenders right across the street from Megan Kanka. Timmendequas had recently been released from a New Jersey prison and treatment center for individuals with compulsive and repetitive sexual habits."
Abstract This paper explains that the moral legitimacy of marriage between same-sex partners hinges on marriage being perceived as a religious foundation or as a social, economic coupling. The author points out that, in countries that exclusively have monogamous marriages, some opponents argue that allowing same-sex marriage will promote the legalization of polyamorous marriage or other types of marriage they find objectionable. The paper relates that proponents of equal marriage rights for same-sex couples state that over 1,000 federal rights and benefits are denied same-sex couples by excluding them from legal marriage, which goes against the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which provides for equal protection under the law.
From the Paper "Same-sex marriage is marriage between partners of the same gender. This type of marriage is currently legal in only a few countries around the world. In the United States, the degree of legality of same-sex marriage varies between different states. In the U.S., the debate over whether or not to make same sex marriages legally binding remains one of the most controversial political debates of this century."
Abstract Gay and lesbian marriage has become a controversial debate in contemporary society. There are heated arguments for and against the legalization of marriage between couples of the same sex. This paper explains that the underlying assumption for those in favor of gay marriages is that the central aspects of love, relationship, and understanding should override all other issues. However, this paper argues that the situation is not quite that simple. There are numerous factors that militate against the acceptance of gay marriage as an institution in modern society. The paper points out that gay marriages have the potential to create serious problems with regard to a range of very important social and cultural issues that make marriages of this nature untenable in modern society.
From the Paper "The argument that I wish to propose is not based on any of these perceptions or views. The central argument against the institution of gay and lesbian marriage has nothing to do with assumptions and judgments about homosexuality, and neither do I wish to deprive people of their intrinsic and inalienable democratic rights. Rather the objection to same-sex marriage is simply based on the fact that it contributes to the downfall of society; more particularly the institution of the family - the foundation of society - and subsequently will impact negatively on the development of children within the society. Therefore, the argument against gay marriage that I propose is based purely on practical and societal considerations."
Abstract This paper explains that sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace is demonstrated not only by poor treatment of these employees but also in financial ways: Although equally qualified, male homosexuals are earning about twenty-two percent less than heterosexual men. The author points out that the Congress is considering the "Employment Non-Discrimination Act". The paper concludes that sexual discrimination could be reduced, if not eliminated, if employers trained and educated employees on sexual orientation, provided benefits for gay partners and allowed employees to form unions to voice their opinion.
From the Paper "Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees are discriminated against everyday in the working world. Although personal information, such as sexual orientation, should not be questioned in the workplace, employers are using this information to discriminate against certain people. Even employers that intend to help people have been known to discriminate. The Salvation Army is a perfect example of this. The Salvation Army in New York would pull its business out of the state rather than provide health insurance benefits to partners of gay employees. A law that will soon be enforced in New York states that all employers must provide health benefits to gay partners. Since the Salvation Army considers itself an "evangelical Christian church," it is against it's religion to promote homosexuality."
Abstract This paper discusses a case in which a female police officer is being subjected to verbal sexual harassment and identifies law impacting upon department response, particularly the hostile environment interpretation.
From the Paper "At issue herein is the appropriate response on the part of a police department administrator ..."
Tags: sexual harassment, hostile environment, EEOC
Abstract This paper explains that, in the Middle East, there is a societal belief in the superiority of men. The author explores the ways in which laws and customs based on religious beliefs and social and governmental policies violate women's human rights in Middle Eastern countries. The paper outlines the steps women have taken to attempt to protect these rights.
From the Paper "On December ..., the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Declaration sets forth thirty Articles that listed certain inalienable rights of all human beings."
Abstract This paper is divided into two parts, with one part discussing nonverbal communication and the other paper discussing the difference between men and women in conflict. The paper discusses the fact that all communication has non-verbal cues. It then discusses how men and women communicate differently and manage conflict in a different manner.
From the Paper "Nonverbal Communication "No matter how one can try, one cannot not communicate" because the body speaks clearly in nonverbal communication to others (Introduction in Nonverbal). Simple eye contact is nonverbal communication. Any and all communication involves some type of nonverbal communication. Whether a person is happy or sad, nonverbal communication lets the other person know how the person is feeling. The pervasiveness of nonverbal communication brings us to its second characteristics: It's virtually impossible to not communicate non-verbally. Even when a person tries to be pervasive, it is impossible not to non-verbally communicate."
Abstract This paper discusses the gender conflict in the play 'M Butterfly' by David Henry Hwang. According to the paper, this work is based on the romantic relationship of Song and Gallimard. In many ways, Gallimard offers a typical sexist male gender role behavior toward the typically female, Song. These gender norms appear to be colluding in unison for the couple, but are ultimately destroyed when Gallimard learns if his lovers true sex. This provides the foundation for gender norms, and Hwang reverses these roles in a clever plot twist through romance, espionage, and culture.
From the Paper "This drama study will analyze the gender conflict that arises within the play: M Butterfly by David Henry Hwang. Much of the play revolves around Song, and her unique ability to seduce Gallimard with her submissive and seemingly passive female behaviors. However, the backdrop to her femininity is merely a mask for the male gender intrigue that surrounds her real identity as a man. In this study, the basis of gender conflict within this story reveals the darker side of male-female relationships through the conflicting masquerades of character identity within this play by David Henry Hwang. The initial and defining role of Song in this play revolves around the imperialistic sexism of Rene Gallimard, a French diplomat traveling through China. "
An analysis of Phillipe Bourgois' representation of gendered identity in his anthropological field study, "In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio".
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, 2006, $ 62.95
Abstract While Phillippe Bourgois' anthropological field study "In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio" is heavily focused on issues of class, culture and economics in East Harlem, the issue of gender relations and gender construction within this cultural frame is also a prominent theme. This paper critically examines Bourgois' representation of gendered identity and how gender is constructed in El Barrio through public displays of forms of masculinity and femininity. It is argued that as traditional Puerto Rican patriarchal authority appears to be collapsing in El Barrio, the residents are improvising new gendered identities.
Abstract This paper looks at several Disney films such as "Cinderella", "Snow White", "Little Mermaid", "Aladdin" and "Shrek" among others. The progression from strict adherence to prescribed gender roles, as in "Cinderella" or "Snow White", to the noticeably different messages about gender in "Shrek" and the films in between that provided a bridge between the differing messages regarding gender norms, are analyzed. Messages regarding sexuality in Disney films and arguably appropriate content are discussed as well. There is an emphasis on the depiction of female characters and the roles they play in Disney films.
From the Paper "When looking at female roles in Disney films, it is important to look at the inspiration behind those roles, Walt Disney. Walt Disney was a product of the 1940's and his patriarchal views of femininity most certainly reflect those ideals in the roles and manner in which his female characters are portrayed (O'Brien 157). In many of the Disney films children love to watch, the female characters are marginalized. The females are in unimportant or at least less important positions than are their male counterparts. Henke and others have this to say of Disney's female characters, "These alleged heroines are helpless ornaments in need of protection, and when it comes to the action of the film, they are omitted" (235). We see examples of this in the story of Cinderella when her gentleness and goodness is defined by her lack of resistance to the abuse she receives from her stepfamily (Henke 235). "
