Abstract The paper is divided up into three sections. The first section is a brief history of the events that led up to DeGaulle's decision to withdraw France from NATO. His opinions are given, as well as the pros and cons of having a European power leave NATO at the height of the Cold War. This section, as well as the entire paper, is written from the perspective that DeGaulle felt that the eventual Americanization of world affairs would only lead to disaster. The second section is an analysis of what happened to France politically after DeGaulle left NATO. Specific events, such as France becoming more autonomous in European affairs, are given, and how France began to rebuild the pride it had lost after World War II is discussed. Finally, the last section deals with DeGaulle as a politician. His strengths of verbal persuasion and commitment to returning France to a world power status are discussed, as is how he felt that NATO was standing in the way of French progress.
From the Paper "After World War II, the countries of Europe were ravaged by a war that caused millions of causalities and billions of dollars worth of damage to farms and businesses. France had suffered greatly due to the occupation of Nazi Germany, but upon the liberation of the country by The Allies and the appointment of the popular French resistance hero General Charles De Gaulle as head of the provisional government in 1945, a new Europe was looking to be born in the wake of the deadliest war in human history. Europe would be greatly influenced in the coming decades by the spread of communism and by both America's and The Soviet Union's foreign policies, but in the midst of this struggle for control over Europe, France would remain steadfast in it's political and social independence as Charles De Gaulle was passionate about making France a power in the world once more. This desire to return France to her past glory and De Gaulle's aspiration to remove American, British and Soviet influence from France's own foreign policy decisions were prime reasons for De Gaulle's displeasure with the NATO Alliance and which would eventually cause De Gaulle to remove and distance France from the complexity of entangling alliances after World War II. With France strongly against the NATO agreement that was signed in 1949, De Gaulle attempted to rebuild Europe with France being the main power instead of allowing "foreign meddling in France's political agenda"."
Abstract The paper argues that had Washington listened to CharlesdeGaulle's advice, the tragic American war in Vietnam could have been avoided. The paper discusses how chances for peace in Vietnam were present at several times during the nearly 15 years of American military involvement in the nation. The paper then shows how nearly all these opportunities were missed by US administrations, which saw only continued military escalation as the route for sustained peace. The paper asserts that had the US taken the admonitions of President deGaulle into real consideration, American prestige and credibility would have suffered far less than it did in the end. The paper uses footnotes in place of a bibliography.
From the Paper "Winston Churchill once famously noted that of all the crosses he had to bear during World War II, the Cross of Lorraine was the heaviest, meaning his relationship with France's General Charles de Gaulle was the hardest and most contentious of all. Over the next 30 years following the war, four US presidential administrations would also come to similar conclusions regarding de Gaulle, seeing him as arrogant, intractable and seemingly unwilling to cooperate on any initiative which did not place France as the first among equals in the world."
Tags: Nixon, Johnson, Ball, Pompidou, Kissinger, NATO, diplomacy, military
Abstract This paper is a biographical account of Charlesde Foucald. It briefly recounts his childhood, his early adult years, and the adventurous life he lead before he became a religious mystic. The paper then looks at the effect time spent in Africa had on Foucald and how it later led to his spiritual conversion. His devotion to his religion, his beliefs, and his writings are also covered in this paper. Finally, the paper looks at the religious fraternities inspired by Foucald and how the members of these fraternities live their lives according to Foucald's tradition.
From the Paper "Charles Eugenie de Foucauld (1858 -1916) was a French Missionary in the Sahara who underwent a spiritual conversion in the desert. He was a religious mystic who followed the "negative" mode of spiritual awareness. This means that he reduced his self-importance or ego in the face of a complete devotion to God. This spiritual method is called "Via Negativa" and is well-suited to desolate areas such as deserts and involves a way of understanding God, stressing humility and supplication to Divine Will. His life and work, credited with being the inspiration of a religious group known as the Congregation of the Little Brothers of Jesus, continued the ancient tradition of Desert Spirituality into the 20th century."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the reigns of Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire to that of Murad III, ruler of the Ottoman empire. The author states that the men were vastly different from one another. But despite their differences, there are many similarities in the reigns of Charles V and Murad III, as both men were mediocre leaders who achieved limited success in their roles. While both men certainly faced difficult circumstances during their rules, the paper describes them as also helping to orchestrate their own failings through personal weaknesses and poor decisions. The author concludes that Charles V and Murad III had similar results: both men left their empires weaker then they found them, and both men helped initiate or expand the process by which their empires decayed.
Outline:
Military Miscues
Unwise Policy Decisions
Underappreciated Threats
Worse than They Found It
Conclusion
From the Paper "Murad III, quite similarly, was challenged by internal and external forces, which largely went unchecked as he withdrew from affairs of state. Internally, he faced dissatisfaction publicly and within his inner circle as his harem exerted significant influence over political decisions. Further, his unwise monetary policy led to a revolt among his soldiers. Externally, the growth of the Ottoman Empire dove into stagnation during his rule, and the once-invincible military showed weakness during its conflicts with Persia and Austria."
Tags:Charles, V, Holy, Roman, Empire, Ottoman, Empire, Murad, III
Abstract On 13 September 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera launched a successful and bloodless coup d'etat, beginning seven years of dictatorship in Spain. Primo de Rivera was a maladroit politician filled with the fervor of Spanish patriotism thought sufficient to navigate his dictatorship through the murky waters of politics. This paper will argue that the regime was more of a developmental dictatorship than one based in the usual fundamentals of autocracy. It concerns itself instead with describing the political realities in which the Primo de Rivera dictatorship was based, before moving on to discuss the objectives and achievements of the regime. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which the dictatorship may have influenced the cataclysmic developments that drew the nation into Civil War less than a decade after the collapse of the Primo de Rivera regime.
Abstract This essay considers the life and philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir. A brief overview of de Beauvoir's life is offered here, followed by a critical consideration of de Beauvoir's relations to existentialism.
Abstract This paper is a biography of Charles V, Emperor of Europe, one of the most important rulers in European history. The paper describes Charles V's historical significance and how he affected the Renaissance and the Reformation. The paper also includes references to his family and blood line.
From the Paper "Emperor Charles V was one of the most important ruling personalities in European history. The lottery of birth placed Charles at the center of a genealogical network that covered half of Europe. His father Philip was Duke of Burgundy. His grandfather was Emperor Maximilian of Austria. His mother Joanna was daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand, Spain's Catholic monarchs."
Tags:Charles V, emperor, pope, Holy Roman emperor, catholic, reformation, Martin Luther, Muslin, Turkish invasion, sack of Rome, German princes, Protestants, renaissance.
Abstract Research centering on Alcide de Gasperi centers primarily upon secondary accounts of historical record in which the political decisions, speeches, and records are maintained. De Gasperi formed a new government coalition in consequence of his attitude in interior and foreign policy. Alcide de Gasperi oversaw Italy's entry into the Cold War. Within Italy, Gasperi was forced to deal with a polarized nation. The Christian Democrats were forced to change Italy into an actively Western state. Gasperi is credited with bringing Italy into the fold of Western capitalism and Democracy.
Abstract This paper examines how and why the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo protested to draw attention to the atrocities committed upon their children and their significant role in the international denunciation of the military regime of Argentina and its downfall.
From the Paper "The group that came to be known as the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo the Mothers demonstrates the power that a formerly voiceless sector of society can wield when it refuses to go unheard. The Mothers were able initially to avoid the ..."
Tags: The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo, Argentina
Abstract This paper describes the Mexican holiday known as Cinco de Mayo. It then goes on to place Cinco de May in its historical context, recounting the events that led to the Mexican victory at Puebla in 1862. Finally, it discusses Cinco de Mayo as a present day tradition and how it is celebrated both in Mexico and the United States.
From the Paper "The Mexican holiday of Cinco de Mayo is more than just a day of celebration, it is a day when Mexicans around the world recall, maintain and reaffirm their roots. It is a tradition that marks the Mexican victory at the Battle of Puebla over the French. Since that time no foreign power has ever invaded Mexico and Cinco de Mayo has come to symbolize an end to foreign intervention. According to the American Heritage Dictionary Fourth Edition a tradition is defined as ..."
Tags: Cinco, de, Mayo, Battle, of, Puebla, tradition
An in-depth look at the history of the Dutch Naval Wars, with England and the involvement of Charles the Second throughout. Particular emphasis is made on the third war.
Abstract The English and the Dutch fought three wars in the seventeenth century of which the first two were about trade and the third about King Charles II and his atempts to gain power. This essay outlines these wars and the impact they had on the trade, politics and religion of Europe at that time. It also allows us to understand better the motives and drive behind the English king engaging in various treaties, alliances and of course battle. Great detail is paid to historical fact.
From the Paper "The Dutch naval wars have been viewed as having lesser historical importance than many other events of the same time period, such as the English civil wars and the restoration of Charles II. However, these wars had a great impact on the trade, politics and religion of seventeenth century Europe. Three wars were fought between England and the Dutch Republic, the first two about trade. The third war, on which focus has been aimed, dealt with the monarch of England, Charles II, and his attempts to gain power. The third Dutch naval war failed to enhance Charles II's power because the war went badly and caused the treaty of Dover to backfire."
Tags:Charles, Dutch, England, history, naval, navy, war
Abstract This paper examines the life of Diane de Poitiers, the mistress of the sixteenth century French king, Henry II. The author notes that Diane de Poitiers emerged as a power in the French court of King Henry II because of her beauty, great insight, and political astuteness, and used them skillfully to forge an ever stronger relationship with the King. As the years passed she acquired so much influence that she became the queen of France in all but name, was the brains behind the throne, and was even placed in charge of educating the royal children of Henry and Catherine.
Tags: EUROPEAN STUDIES (HISTORY, CULTURE) / FRANCE, diane de poitiers
Abstract This is a write-up of a chemistry laboratory experiment looking at Charles' Law, which states that at constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional to each other. The paper describes two experiments: (1) a gas is heated and its temperature and volume change noted and compared; and (2) a candle is burned in an inverted test tube set in a pan of water. The paper describes that as the oxygen in the tube is used up, water rises in the tube, and when there is no more oxygen left the flame is extinguished.
Abstract This paper reviews the work of designer Charles Eames, focusing specifically on the Eames chair. The Eames chair is a relatively late modernist design that has become ubiquitous in offices, schools and many homes. This paper further discusses how this design has been an influence on the development of other furnishings expressing the same aesthetics and using many of the same materials and methods.
From the Paper "The modernist era extends from the 1920s to about the 1960s, with some dispute over when post-modernism begins and even what it entails. Modernism was an aesthetic development that became a movement once it was noticed and then deliberately practiced. Prior to that, Modernism began as part of an effort to create a new environment to replace the old around the beginning of the twentieth century, following in the wake of similar changes in political, social, literary, and other spheres of society. Modernism developed into a movement and by the 1920s was a conscious artistic expression manifested in painting, sculpture, drama, architecture, and design. "
Abstract This document discusses Charles Schwab from an employee performance, training and development perspective. The paper reviews company background information relevant to leadership, policy, human resources, employee training and development, as well as, a host of other performance aspects. The paper recommends that Schwab should utilize an integrated enterprise resource planning software solution to fully integrate its training and development functionality into all its operations across the full network of international offices.
From the Paper "Charles Schwab (Schwab) is a financial services provider with a wide selection of investment products, services, and information material available to both the institutional and individual investor. Among its diverse portfolio of products and services are: retail banking, financial products and services, retirement plan accounts, international investment products and devices, capital market access and training, as well as services targeted at investment professionals themselves (Charles, 2005b, p.4). Schwab recorded total assets in excess of $1,281b with more than $9b added in the first quarter of 2006 alone (Cole, 2006). "
