Abstract This paper discusses and compares the books by Michel Foucault, "Discipline and Punish" and David Garland "Punishment and Welfare". The paper describes the way in which both explore similar historical and theoretical territory in their respective examinations of the evolution of the theory and practice of prisons and penalty since the eighteenth century. The essay demonstrates that while they often address similar issues Garland's text differs significantly from Foucault's in terms of both details and overall perspective upon the modern history of prisons.
From the Paper "Comparative Book Review: Foucault and Garland on the Theory and Practice of Punishment Introduction Michel Foucault, in Discipline and Punish, and David Garland in Punishment and Welfare, both explore similar historical and theoretical territory in their respective examinations of the evolution of the theory and practice of prisons and penalty since the eighteenth century. As this essay will demonstrate, while they often address similar issues, Garland's text differs significantly from Foucault's in terms of both details and overall perspective upon the modern history of prisons. The thesis will be argued that the key distinction between the two works lies in their respective identification of the key period in the evolution of modern theories of punishment and penalty."
Abstract This paper examines HamlinGarland's short story, "Under the Lion's Paw." It looks at his background, and gives an overview of his upbringing, that influenced his writings, and demonstrates how he used his writings as a platform for his beliefs. It also looks at the history of the period in which this story was written, and how the characters mirror actual events.
From the Paper "Garland thought the American settlers, much like his character, Haskins, were forced to settle cheap or free land in undeveloped areas because speculators, like Butler, held such vast amounts of land at such high prices. Garland's sentiments were so strong because he had seen the poor farmer's plight first-hand on his family's farm in South Dakota. Broadening his views, he also argued that this monopolization of land was hard on city people, forcing ?tenements, inflated rents, vice, crowding, and the dehumanization of laborers (who had to work like machines)? (qtd. "Single-Tax Land"). He reasoned that landlordship worked in the same manner in the city as it did in the country."
An analysis of the literary realism in HamlinGarland's short story 'Under the Lion's Paw" from his book, "Main Travelled Roads" and Theodore Dreiser's work, "Sister Carrie".
Abstract The paper examines Chapter XLV of Theodore Dreiser's "Sister Carrie" and describes the literary realism that depicts how the character of Hurstwood must survive the grim reality of poverty in the city. The paper also looks at HamlinGarland's short story "Under The Lion's Paw" from his work "Main Travelled Roads", which uses literary realism to reveal the grim reality of farm life.
From the Paper "The first reason why literary realism exists in the work of garland's "Under the Lion's Paw" is the way that he defines the life of farmer's, and the often brutal conditions that they must work within as poor workers of the land. The reality of the farmer's life is apparent in Mrs. Council's narrative:
""Yes, I do my own work," Mrs. Council was heard to say in the pause which followed. "I'm getting purty heavy t' be on m'laigs all day, but we can't afford t'hire (Garland, p.491)."
Abstract This paper discusses, summarizes and reviews Dudley Johnson's article "William Harris Garland: Mechanic of the Old South", describing the life led by the main character, William Harris Garland, the economic situation of the era and the character of Garland. The paper also discusses the importance that Johnson places on the role Garland played in American history along with the thousands of other like Garland.
From the Paper "Today, too many of us still think of "The Old South" at the beginning and middle of the Nineteenth Century as either made up of wealthy plantation owners, or slaves. Garland's experiences which he wrote down in a lot of letters were those of an itinerant mechanic, moving from place to place, trying to find work, and often trying to travel without a cent in his pocket. William Garland, as described in Johnson's article. Was one of "a number of skilled workmen in the South prior to the Civil War, and the work they did was vital to the region (Johnson 41). Like so many itinerant workmen today, "he and his friends had no interest in the political situation. They were more concerned with obtaining and keeping jobs and with reducing their financial insecurity" (41)."
Abstract Uses evidence from Rand's work and the novel to assert that the society in "The Beach" is collectivist and thereby reprehensible by objectivist standards. Emphasizes that all characters in the novel are what Rand would consider parasites, except for the Individualist, Jed, Who is the only redeeming element of the society. Implies that Garland, like Rand, admires Jed and recognizes the importance of the Individual as superior to the collective.
From the Paper "Just as a man can evade reality and act on the blind whim of any given moment, but can achieve nothing save progressive self-destruction"so a society can evade reality and establish a system ruled by the blind whims of its members or its leader. . . But such a society can achieve nothing save the rule of brute force and a state of progressive self-destruction. (Rand VOS 135)" Ayn Rand's comment on the unreasonable state of world politics in 1963, specifically communism, socialism, theocracy, and any other form of government that holds the collective above the individual, could have easily been written in a critical analysis of Alex Garland's The Beach, even though the novel was written thirty-four years later. According to Rand, and Randite Objectivists, the novel describes a society of parasites who have no concept of individualism" ?a central component of the Objectivist philosophy".
Abstract This paper examines Stephen L. Carter's "The Emperor of Ocean Park" about of a chain of events that begin with the death of a conservative African-American lawyer named Oliver Garland and how Oliver Garland's life has to some extent been ruined by the fact that he has lost a chance to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court. It shows how Carter, through his protagonist, explores contemporary American political and academic life ? and the nature of race, class, and power in the United States today. It discusses how the subjects that are debated by the characters are certainly not new ones, the effect that a person's race has on him or her, the extent to which inherited wealth affects one's life, what difference feminism has or has not made in the lives of American women and how feminism (and gender) intersect with race.
From the Paper "But a closer reading of the text, and further reflection upon the experiences of men like Carter himself as well as other conservative black jurists like Clarence Thomas makes us question our initial reaction. The view of the author and of his protagonist seem alien to us not because we are unaware of the fact that there are powerful, wealthy blacks in the United States ? or even that there are powerful, wealthy, conservative blacks in the United States. Any disbelief that we feel over Talcott's vision of the world as one in which personal connections among rich conservatives are what makes the political wheels go round stems not from a disbelief that there are blacks who think the way that Talcott does."
Abstract This paper explores the complex themes of "The Beach". It defines the main themes as discovery, the darkness in man's heart, and the conflict of man versus man and analyses these themes with concrete examples from the book.
From the Paper "The primary theme of this novel is discovery. This theme includes both self-discovery and the discovery of something new and unique; an unfound and undisturbed paradise. The beach is a legend amongst young travelers in Asia. It is rumoured to be a lagoon hidden from the sea, with white sane and coral gardens, freshwater falls surrounded by jungle and plants that have remained untouched by man for a thousand years. On this beach, there are said to be a few carefully selected internationals settle in a communal Eden. The narrator is Richard, a twenty-something man who has been subjected to far too many Vietnam War movies. He is adrift in Southeast Asia, Bangkok, and he desires something different, the ultimate travel spot unspoiled by man. Like most of the travelers he meets, Richard is bored with the usual dissonance of Thailand and craves something more exciting and risqu?. Richard is a regular, young, English man in his early twenties. Up until his recent journey to Bangkok, he has had no significant life-altering events in his life; he is a typical product of his technologically advanced environment and he wanted some action in his life."
Abstract This paper looks at the main characters of the books "Harry Potter", "The Wonderful World of Oz" and "The Hobbit". It argues that each of these characters are "unlikely heroes" which makes the story even more charming for young readers. These heroes are compared to each other.
From the paper:
"At the beginning of the Harry Potter saga, the reader is introduced to the boy who will become the epicenter of the Hogwarts world as a small, scarred baby nestled in the arms of a large, bury and uncouth gamekeeper.
Although the image of Dorothy Gale has largely been fixed in the world's mind as the luminous Judy Garland, crooning ?Somewhere Over the Rainbow,? in the actual first book in the Oz saga, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Frank Baum, the reader's first vision of Dorothy is somewhat different. In the book, Dorothy Gale is introduced as a poor, young girl on a depleted dust bowl farm in the middle of Kansas during difficult economic times. The land is flat and dry and her world is flat and dry.
The fantastic world of Middle Earth created by J.R.R. Tolkien is populated by creatures such as elves, wizards, and trolls. Yet the central, saving figure of his first book The Hobbit, the saving sort of creature who will take over the function of hero in the rest of the novels in The Lord of the Rings series is that of a Hobbit. A Hobbit is a small, furry, frequently hungry creature who at first seems to bear little resemblance to the ethereal elves or the wise wizards such as Gandalf. Hobbits have not even been awarded one of the great rings in the division of power that in Middle Earth. Yet it is a Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, who ultimately gains control over the ring that shall rule them all."
From the Paper " The Wizard of Oz, which made at MGM in 1939, is still on of the world's favorite films. It has remained special because it visualizes its own unique world. It inspired many films that followed, from Star Wars to Close Encounters of the Third Kind, because it constructed its own universe: one that could be enjoyed by adults and children alike.
Others films have borrowed more noticeably and directly from The Wizard of Oz. The opening sequence of Martin Scorsese's Alice Doesn?t Live Here Anymore shows the young Alice in a setting very much like Dorothy in the Kansas opener of Oz. The sci-fi epic Zardoz, directed by John Boorman, also borrows from the classic, starting with its title and the play (...)"
Abstract This paper is on the historically based opinions on "is pre-natal screening a new eugenics?" It includes the pros and cons, and composes a position piece. It also defines eugenics, describes the reality and the potential of pre-natal screening, and an opinion on whether this does or could constitute eugenics. It also has the references from Ruth Schwartz Cowan on pre-natal screening, and Garland Allen on the new eugenics.
Abstract Both Langston Hughes and Andrea Thompson go through social plights due to their minority status and they release their feelings about it in free verse. People always need to belong to a group: Personal identity is not enough. Skin color is not just the biological, visual complexion but a reflection of social identification. This paper examines how Andrea Thompson is more critical of the majority's biases than Langston Hughes. Hughes is also critical of the majority's biases, but he has a more optimistic tone and he chooses to focus on his race's heritage. Hughes has an alternative group and cultural heritage to turn to when rejected by society, whereas Thompson's native Canadian heritage has been destroyed.
From the Paper "The poem, "Mother to Son," strengthens Hughes' optimistic feeling by defining the racial pride mentioned in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "Epilogue [to The Weary Blues]." The mother, not the boy, in the poem symbolizes Hughes telling his fellow African Americans that the plight they have been experiencing will merely make them stronger. He explains that the numerous, steep stairs they climb to reach social equality are "... no crystal stair[s]," once they get to the top, they can reflect back on what they have accomplished and the "tacks," "splinters" that they have overcome (Hughes, "Mother" 3,4,20).""
Abstract This paper outlines Rosemarie Garland Thomson concept of 'dirt' and applies it to r Jonathan Lethem's novel "Motherless Brooklyn". The author points out that Douglas' concept is that society dreads things that fall outside its normative schema and disabled people are one of these 'things'. The paper relates that, applying Douglas' concept to the novel, it is evident that some of aspects of her work are more applicable than others.
From the Paper "The conjunction of Mary Douglas' theory of 'dirt' visa-vis society's treatment of the abnormal and aberrant with Jonathan Lethem's fine novel, Motherless Brooklyn, offers an uncommon opportunity for insight and understanding into the uneasy place occupied by disabled men, women and children in a society preoccupied with physical comeliness and 'beauty'. This paper, quite simply, explores the existence of Douglas' theory of 'dirt' - specifically the five strategies she believes societies employ in dealing with those who are anomalous - in Lethem's novel and suggest which characters, if any, incorporate the disabled into the larger mainstream world; this paper also explores what the existence of various strategies in the text suggests about the representation of disability in a society uneasy with such difference."
Abstract This paper discusses how Karl Marx and Jean Jacques Rousseau both used chain analogies in order to express and define the problems they believed plagued human society, but Marx primarily interpreted these problems from an economic and political perspective, while Rousseau primarily interpreted them from a social perspective. Consequently, Rousseau's statement, "We have spread garlands over the chains of our existence," differs significantly in meaning from Marx's statement, "Working men of all lands unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains!"
