Abstract This paper identifies various work-familyconflicts in the career path of women. It focuses on issues such as time restriction, psychological run-over from work to family and from family to work, cultural conflicts of women's roles and the fact that women are less likely to be promoted or tenured when they have small children. The paper then discusses what can be done to address these issues.
Table of Contents:
Purpose Of The Research
Research Questions
Importance Of The Research
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper "The methodology of the proposed study is one of a qualitative and phenomenological nature and is to be conducted in the form of a critical and extensive review of literature (Silverman, 2001) of academic and professional nature. A phenomenological approach is appropriate in understanding the experiences of a group of individuals. (Stewart, et al, 1998) The review of literature "shapes the study...and promote cumulative advances in knowledge." (Padgett, 1998) A qualitative review of literature is appropriates in the approach to conceptualization of social reality. (Punch, 2000) The literature review is stated to "serve four broad functions: (1) demonstrates the underlying assumptions behind the general research questions; (2) demonstrates that the researcher is knowledgeable about related research and the scholarly traditions that surround and support the study; (3) shows that the researcher has identified some gaps in previous research; and (4) refines and redefines the research questions by embedding them in larger traditions of inquiry." (Marshall and Rossman, 2006)"
Abstract The paper reviews a study done on one mid-western correctional facility that explored the possible antecedents of correctional staff work on familyconflict. The paper examines the measures of validity and reliability, as well as proposed changes in methodology for increased validity and reliability. The paper also looks at methodology for the reliability of future studies.
Outline:
Part 1: Validity and Reliability in General
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Predictive Validity
Construct Validity
Alternate-Forms Reliability
Inter-observer Reliability
Inter-item Reliability
Part 2: Improvements in Reliability and Validity
Replication of the Study
From the Paper "Self reporting studies are inherently, unless carefully crafted, in the areas of validity and reliability. When reviewing validity, the three measurement areas of idiosyncratic individual errors, generic individual errors, and method factors are all difficult to overcome in self reported studies. The perception of self and of surroundings can be as varied as the individuals self reporting the results to the researchers. Further, the motivation to be completely accurate and candid with the researchers is not evident, especially in this case where the researchers were paying for the results. The researchers chose to study only one correctional facility, and of the 450 possible respondents, received only 275 responses. (Lambert & Hogan, 2006, p.21) These factors lead to the low levels of validity and reliability further explored below."
Abstract This paper discusses conflict within the family in relation to married couples, courts, and adolescents. The paper further discusses the types of conflict resolution, and places focus on the concept of the win-win approach to conflict resolution within the family. Through research the paper discusses concepts that have been tested that provide information on positive outcomes in conflict resolution associated to this concept.
From the Paper "When conflict occurs within modern society it is often exhibited through two predominant types of confrontation. Destructive conflict involves outcomes that are based on competition during the conflict. In this instance there are generally two opposing forces that are determined to dominate the other, and the stakes become higher between the individuals as they attempt to take measures to inflict emotional pain on each other. Constructive conflict, however, allows individuals to learn, and grow through the experience that is progressed through the idea that both parties will ultimately "win" in the outcome of the exchange. Cahn (1994) contends that constructive conflict is, by nature, a method of developing socially, and maintaining intimacy between couples (p. 114). Cahn (1994) suggests that every person must possess his or her individualism, as well as the association with a family unit (p. 114)."
Abstract The authors examine the many themes and conflicts that surround the discussion of the family today. They reveal how the definition of "family" that the social elites construct is very different from what reality actually is. They show how economic realities, violence within the home, and discrimination on all levels, affect families in all walks of life. The authors do an excellent job in demonstrating how the division between men's and women's tasks have significantly changed since capitalism has become embedded within the society.
Abstract The paper examines the conflict between competing family members, Walter and Beneatha, for their version of dream fulfillment, as well as the conflict with social discrimination that the family experiences collectively in relation to the environment. The paper analyzes this interpersonal familyconflict and the social conflict that takes the form of racial discrimination. The paper then shows how what ultimately unites the family is the achievement of the matriarchal perspective that Mama espouses from the beginning.
From the Paper "The two conflicts visible in A Raisin in The Sun are the interpersonal conflicts between competing family members for their version of dream fulfillment, as far as what to do with the money, vs. the conflict with social discrimination that the family experiences collectively in relation to the environment and is specifically embodied in the offer of Mr. Lindner. In the two conflicts are visible interpersonal family conflict and social conflict in the form of racial discrimination. The conflict between Walter and his sister Beneatha is a personal conflict whereby each has a different notion of what they think should be done with the money. The conflict between Walter and Mama demonstrates the disparity between views within the family as far as what freedom really means and the real impact of dreams."
Abstract The theme of conflict in James Agee's most popular work, "A Death in the Family", is one of the most powerful motivating forces that serves to drive the plot. This paper assesses the extent of conflict in "A Death in the Family" and will demonstrate that conflict serves to develop the characters and press the plot forward.
Abstract This paper discusses the book, "Integrating Work and Family" written by Saroj Parasuraman, and examines the modern conflict between work and family from a number of perspectives. The paper explores specific types of work and familyconflicts and explains the impact that they have on the involved parties. The paper argues that these conflicts stem from changes in work and family situations during this century. The paper expresses the potential damage that can arise from clinging to old stereotypes of the nuclear family.
From the Paper "In Integrating Work and Family, Parasuraman attempts to examine the conflict between family and work from a variety of those impacted, including individuals, employers, consultants, and counselors. The book notes that while there has been a great deal of discussion about family/work conflicts, such conflicts remain a serious problem. Writes Parasuraman, "The problem of balancing work and family arises from work-family conflict, which reflects a mutual incompatibility between the demands of work role and the demands of the family role" (p. 3-4). Integrating Work and Family is made up of 21 chapters, and covers a wide range of topics. Parasuraman begins the book with a historic overview of the relationships between work and family, and discusses how this relationship has changed over time. The author then provides a number of different perspectives on the relationship between work and family, ranging from that of a person who struggles to maintain balance, to a counselor's perspective on managing tensions inherent in the conflict between work and family, to a view of the research surrounding work-family issues."
This paper identifies the types of data and variables contained in the research by Eric Lambert and Nancy Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on FamilyConflict'.
Abstract This paper explores an article that presents the exploratory research by Lambert and Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on FamilyConflict' and reported in a 2006 "Professional Issues in Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal". The author points out that the nominal level of measurement was the control variables labeled "Personal Characteristics", such as gender, age and position. The paper reports that the measures of the variables, other than those of the personal characteristics, were on a sliding scale, which could not be interpreted as ordinal data or variables. The author reports that the independent variables were the level of job danger, role ambiguity, role conflict, instrumental communication (performance feedback), integration, input to decision-making, supervision, job variety and organizational fairness; the dependent variable of work on familyconflict was rated at several different levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Nominal Data / Nominal Variables
Ordinal Data / Ordinal Variables
Interval Data / Interval Variables
Ratio Data / Ratio Level Variables
Methodology of Research
Proposed Version of Similar Research
From the Paper "The goal of yielding a bounty of ratio data would require an expansion of the dependent variable on the survey. In the present research, work on home conflict was limited to nine items varying from time conflict to strain or harm to family life. The researchers determined that only five of the independent variables had a statistically significant influence upon work on home conflict If it is desired to obtain more ratio data, then a new survey should be prepared emphasizing the five areas most likely to antecede work on home conflict and of those items rate the level of each area of work on home conflict established by the first survey."
From the Paper "One of the largest transformations in family life over the last decades has been the rise of the dual-earner family. The number of families which are dual-earner, married couple households has increased dramatically, having overtaken "traditional" breadwinner/homemaker families in number as early as the mid-70s, continuing into even through the late 1980s and 1990s. Despite the phenomenal growth in this segment of the population, very little has been done to meet the growing needs of dual-earner families. With the prevalence of mothers and fathers in the work force, inevitably we find that there is a conflict. Caregivers in the workforce face the difficult decision to choose between their family and their jobs, and unfortunately, most employers do not do enough to help."
Tags: squeeze, time, family, values, dual, earner, century
Abstract The following discusses the various aspects of family as a social institution with respect to the conflict and functionalist theoretical perspectives. It also points out the basis for social order and explains how social order can be maintained while at the same time allowing for necessary social conflict and/or change. Finally it discusses homosexuality and the ways in which it challenges the traditional definition of family.
Abstract This paper examines prejudism and families from the perspective of functionalists, symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists. The paper gives examples from the world today on a family from each of the three perspectives.
Abstract This paper explores the issue of working parents and the conflicts they face between juggling their family responsibilities with their work schedules. Specifically, the paper makes reference to a large number of studies conducted into this issue, including Chow and Berheide, Voydanoff, Frone, Russell and Cooper, Bronneberg, Hammer, Allen and Grigsby and Frone, Yardley, and Markel in 1997. The paper looks at working mothers and the effects on their own and their children's lives.
From the Paper "Research has been conducted in the field of work-family conflict for a number of years. Initially studies on family and work were being conducted as being two separate areas of research. But later research has focused to be dealing with the interrelationship between family and work and between work and family. Based on quantitative survey research, present research aims to promote a relationship between work, family and community."
Abstract This paper discusses a particular family and the problems within the family structure that are observable in the relationship between the sisters Terry and Maxine. The paper notes that, while the family has been guided for most of its existence by the mother of these siblings, the mother has died and the conflicts that have evolved throughout the family history between these two sisters have begun to affect the entire family. This is evident in the arguments over selling the house, the decision of the family to no longer have Sunday dinners and the severing of ties between family members after the mother's death.
Abstract This paper uses the Friedman Family Assessment Model (short form) as the basis for an analysis of a family consisting of a mixed-race and mixed religion cohabiting couple and their three-year-old child. The paper concludes that although the family is largely functional, it also has some conflicts that need to be reviewed and addressed, particularly in terms of communication between the adults.
From the Paper "The Friedman Family Assessment Model is consistent with the concept of family health care nursing treatment of an entire family for dysfunction within the unit. It examines the family from an environmental and cultural focus as well as from its internal structure. This model provides the opportunity for the health care provider to examine many areas of concern related to the family's dysfunction, while identifying foundations of strength upon which to build the treatment process. The Friedman Family Assessment Model The Friedman Family Assessment Model focuses on the structure and the functions of the family as well as the manner in which the family interacts with its community and the greater society (Mandleco, 2004, p. 22). Although the model itself is comprehensive and demands a great amount of detail, not all factors listed within it apply to all families."
Abstract This paper looks at how juvenile delinquency is linked to the families the offenders come from. Links are examined in regards to the abuse of children during childhood, low levels of family affection and high levels of familyconflict, the use of ineffective or inconsistent disciplinary practices and the structure of the family.
From the Paper "The first and most obvious cause in the family is most probably the lack of parental affection or parental rejection. This happens mostly in families whereby the parents are very busy, broken homes or those where arguments are part of a daily routine. Cernkovich and Giordano (1987) found that ?delinquent behavior in a large sample of high-school students was associated with parent-adolescent conflict, low parental acceptance and low parental caring and trust.? Children that feel rejected or unloved may sometimes find ways to attract attention. The ways children do so varies from just crying all day long or calling their parents every single second, to committing crimes. This is why some children of rejecting parents display aggressive behavior. Interactions between parents and child are also important to prevent the child from feeling rejected. J. Pincus said, ?Parenting that promotes interpersonal and communicative relations, academic and professional skills, as well as encourages the development of normative values and positive behavioral standards in children.? This positive interaction between parent and child is important in establishing a strong bond and the formation of appropriate behavioral characteristics in children."
