Abstract This paper discusses the economic weaknesses of modern Turkey as well as the political strife between Islamic Arabs and non-Islamic Arabs. The author provides the country's current demographic situation and looks at the problems of the economy in relation to the population rates. The paper also examines Turkey's shift from central planning to a market economy and other economic reforms implemented by the government.
From the Paper "Before beginning to look specifically at the nature of the country's current economic problems, it will be useful to provide the briefest sketch of its current cultural and political structures. Ironically, many of Turkey's current political and even cultural problems ? which feed into and in many cases worsen its economic problems ? are actually the result of genuine constitutional reforms made two generations ago.
"While we in the West like to think that constitutional reform that results in a more genuinely representational government must be a good thing, in fact in the case of Turkey such reform had unintended but still deeply troubling consequences. The constitutional reforms that went into effect in 1961 produced a system of electoral policy and governance that made it difficult (and in actual practice nearly impossible) for any one political party to gain the majority needed to enact effective legislation."
Tags: market, population, culture, islamic, arab, political, unrest, economics, turkey, international, european, union, united, nations, demographics, reform, structure
Abstract This page paper presents a detailed look at the attacks on Arab looking residents in the United States. The writer uses specific examples to outline what is happening to those who look Arabian in this country following the September 11, 2001 attack on this country.
From the Paper "The nation watched in horror on the morning of September 11, 2001 as the World Trade Center Towers in Manhattan were destroyed by terrorist attacks. As soon as the first attack occurred planes being driven into the Pentagon at full throttle traumatized us. Within minutes after all the attacks were over cries could be heard for revenge. The American people want revenge and they want it now. Unfortunately that translates into hate crimes for some. Those who look Arabian were in sudden and grave danger and they knew it. Many fled their homes to seek refuge with other family members, while some just refused to leave their house. While we counted the dead and realized it was going to be in the thousands our anger grew. That anger has now turned into a violent force in some cases and innocent people are being physically attacked(Melemed, 2001) . Their crime? Looking Arabic. President George W. Bush has asked again and again that we not attack private citizens. He instead wants us to put our energy behind supporting military strikes overseas. Most Americans are listening but there are a few who are bent on violence regardless of the innocence of their victims."
Abstract This paper looks at the historical events that culminated in the Holocaust. It traces the rise of Hitler to power, the Nuremberg Laws, Kristalnacht and finally the beginning and end stages of the Final Solution.
From the Paper "The Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent examples of human injustice in history today. During the period of 1939 to 1945, German Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, waged a vicious war against those, mainly Jews, that they considered to be below themselves. (Barber, 314)"
Tags: germany, holocaust, ii, jew, jewish, jews, nazi, war, world
Abstract This paper examines the historical facts of the slave trade in West Africa and its impact on the degradation of its society today. The paper illustrates how the European colonial slave trade affects current political, economic and social issues of the region.
From the Paper "According to recent studies, approximately 24 million Africans were abducted forcibly from West Africa alone and enslaved (Centre for Black & African Arts & Civilisation, 2002, 1). This paper endeavours to explore the ?impact of the slave trade on West Africa.? The historical injustices of the slave trade have undeniably affected West Africa detrimentally in the political, economic and social arenas. The gravity of such a negative impact is what leaders of nations historically involved in the slave trade are discussing as they determine what reparations can be made to the victims of this inhumane practice."
Abstract An examination of the social issues created by the influx of immigrant workers with a special focus on female workers from Asian countries. This paper looks at how these women have to fight for recognition on a number of fronts - being Asian, being immigrants and especially being women. The writer looks at two generations of these workers and asks if their personal attitudes have changed and whether society's attitudes have changed towards them, as well.
From the Paper "With the high level of susceptibility to gender and minority issue, Asian women immigrants have to cope with more challenge than their male fellows do. As immigrants, they need enough fortitude to get along with their new community besides fulfilling personal dreams.
"The problem of discrimination has been continuing since the first group came in America in the middle of 19th century. The earlier generation mainly worked as labors, domestic helpers, even prostitutes. The industrialization era commenced in America in 1870 had attracted mass movements of migrants from other countries and built long establishment after that."
A study of the Roma (gypsy) sub-culture in North America, the rejection of modern technology by the elder generation and how this effects medical and nursing intervention.
Abstract This paper examines the often unknown subculture of Romani ethnic group in North America. The paper shows how the elder generation are very suspicious of modern technology especially anything intrusive and how these fears and suspicions have to be over-come when providing this aging population with health care. The paper examines which cultural barriers exist for providing nursing and medical care to this group.
From the Paper "Minorities in the United States are the fastest growing groups of older adults (Wykle). These minority groups have often experienced prejudice, as Wykle says ?many of the older cohorts have faced a life of discriminatory practices, poor health services and culturally incompetent staff who were expected to provide appropriate care.? Because of this they tend to avoid health care and this results in generally poorer health than the general population. These groups are often classed together as minorities because of their dark skin but in fact include various different ethnic groups. One of these groups is the Roma. While commonly known as the Gypsy group, this is not the correct term. The correct terms for the Gypsy is the Roma or the Romani group. It should be noted that the group do not call themselves Gypsy and would likely find it offensive if they were called as such. The correct terms are "Romani, the adjective; Roma, plural noun; or Rom, singular noun" (Kemp)."
Tags: health, doctor, minority, nursing, care, medical, gypsy, roma, romani
Abstract In this paper, the storyline of "White Noise" is analyzed and the question is asked - how much of the truth needs to be exposed in certain situations. The story is of a professor of Nazi studies and the way that he twists the truth of his studies to have better dramatic exposure. The moralities of this situation are discussed.
From the Paper "We can thus see in this novel a living demonstration both of the stylistic considerations of postmodernism and deconstruction as well as of the deeper, more philosophical definitions of these movements. For Gladney defines for us a postmodern world in which language refers only to itself rather than to an "real" reality that exists beyond the margins of the text. In Gladney's postmodern world, there can easily exist multiple and even conflicting interpretations of a text. The best interpretation here is never the truest but rather the one that sells the best."
Abstract This paper examines the correlation between the holocaust and Zionism. The writer states that it is clear that the idea of a return to a Jewish homeland was strengthened and made more urgent by the holocaust, even as it is also clear that such ideas of a Jewish homeland existed long before the holocaust itself. A history of Zionism is given as well as events prior during and after the holocaust which happened to the Jews of Europe.
From the Paper "The facts of what occurred during the Holocaust are relatively clear and relatively simple. During the 19th century, European Jewry was being emancipated, and, in most European countries, Jews achieved some equality of status with non-Jews. Nonetheless, at times Jews were vilified and harassed by anti-Semitic groups. Indeed, some anti-Semites believed that Jewry was an alien "race" not assimilable into a European culture, but they did not formulate any coherent anti-Semitic campaign. When the Nazi regime came to power in Germany in January 1933, it immediately began to take systematic measures against the Jews. One early decree was a definition of the term Jew. Crucial in that determination was the religion of one's grandparents. Anyone with three or four Jewish grandparents was automatically a Jew, regardless of whether that individual was a member of the Jewish community."
Tags: holocaust, jew, zionism, state, israel, nationalism, zionist, zion, nazi, german
Abstract A look at the arrival of Jews in America from the early settlers to the main wave of immigration at the beginning of the 20th century. It discusses how the Jews have always been welcomed in the United States and how the country has become a place of great cultural and religious development recently for Judaism. It examines the trend of Jewish immigration parallel to the arrival of other religions to the United States.
From the Paper "America is a long way from the ancestral homes of the Jews, but this does not in any way mean that it is not been a welcoming place for the Jewish people who have, in many ways, thrived in the New World. But the story of the Jews in America is not entirely a successful one, or at least not a traditionally successful one, for much of the sense of Jewish identity has been lost in our semi-Melting Pot, and if Jews have not had in this nation to face the terrible persecutions that they have met in other nations then they have also intermarried at high rates and left the teachings and communities of their ancestors."
Tags: Jew, Judaism, United, States, freedom, immigration
Abstract An analysis of the history of India as compared to the histories of China and Turkey. The author concentrates on India's struggle for freedom, self-rule and independence with a fight for a recognition of its culture and religious beliefs of its people.
From the Paper "In Chapter 3 of Daniel Brower's book on World History, ?The World in the Twentieth Century: from Empires to Nations,? the author presents salient features of the post World War I histories of three countries: Turkey, India and China. Each of these countries reeling under the yoke of an oppressive combination of monarchies and colonial forces found a national voice for unification and self-governance (Brower, 2002)"
Tags: india, turkey, rule, foreign, history, china, communism, world, war
Abstract Critics continually ask whether or not students should continue to receive a traditional, content-based version of American history that may only serve to perpetuate certain myths and ideals they have about themselves? This research project addresses this question, and by so doing, offers an alternative version of the Grade 9 U.S. history curriculum. The writers, herein discussed, mutually agree on the need for the curriculum to encourage critical reflection in the students so that they may become more sensitive to, and even more outraged in the face of historical, social and political injustice.
From the Paper "The high school history classroom is not immune to the cultural wars that have swept through education, and through all society. The voices of the disenfranchised have demanded that history better reflect the lives of those who have been left out of cursory overviews in textbooks and survey courses. But what is the best solution? To start, history teachers will need to revise the way that history is written and spoken about. The curriculum will also need to give a fuller historical exposition of, for example, women, Native groups, Afro-Americans, and the role that certain minorities may have played in the building of America. As well, the curriculum will need to be more responsive to the so-called ?common man,? that is, those whose lives may have been important in the evolution of America but who have yet to reach the heroic status typically afforded to presidents and public figures. In addition, these changes should not be left to university seminars but should be widely integrated through all education, including the early high school years. Certainly, this sort of work has begun, to greater or lesser extent, but this project proposes yet another approach to the revision of the history curriculum, arguing for a shift in how students are going to be asked to read and engage with US history."
Abstract An examination of the multicultural web of American society with focus on the Italian-Americans. A look at the history of Italian-American immigrants, how they adjusted to life in the United States and the contributions they have made to our larger culture.
From the Paper "The United States is going through a period of debate about what it means to be "American." Some people want to emphasize their American status and don't speak of their immigrant roots in any specific ways. Others choose to specifically emphasize their ancestry as well as their country of choice. African-Americans have chosen that name (or Black-American) at least partly to give their heritage a dignified name after centuries of ethnic slurs. This may also be true of other groups. Hispanic-Americans were once called "Spics,' not in an affectionate way. Italian-Americans were once called "Wops" in a derogatory way."
This paper examines how the agriculture, hunting, social and economic advances that took place during the Neolithic revolution improved the way humans lived and how these changes continue to impact us today.
Abstract This paper lays out in great detail the various hunting, farming, social and military improvements that where created by humans during the Neolithic revolution. It further examines the methods used by these early people to domesticate animals, which was their new sources for food. The author also discusses the roles that men and women now had. It also discusses that since humans no longer needed to travel to look for food, they now began to live in communities called bands, which lead to the need for the first military and governing body.
From the Paper "For the bulk of pre-history, man has managed to live in harmony with all forms of life in the natural world. Even though we cannot be certain of much about our activities before the advent of written records, some conclusions can be deduced about ancient ways of life through the examination of archeological evidence. For most of the time humans have been around, stability rather than change have characterized their way of life. Pre-historic Humans relied on a combination of hunting animals and gathering plants for sustenance. They lived in small bands of about 25-50 people and were constantly mobile in their search for food. Though intermittent starvation may have been the fate of some, there is strong evidence that food was almost always in supply and there was never any need for accumulation or storage. Most people had very few possessions because extra goods would be an inconvenience in their mobile way of life; most people could carry everything that they owned. Furthermore, there was less of a distinction between private property and public property. What was the property of one member was the property of all and vice-versa."
Tags: agriculture, civilatization, ecology, environment, farming, hunting, neolithic, revolution, western
This paper discusses the impact of the Nazi party on the formation of a new German ideology which expanded and took advantage of a developed environment of anti-Semitism.
Abstract The following paper looks at how and why the Germans chose to opt for the "final solution" against Jews in the Second World War. It discusses why average Germans became perpetrators of a genocidal policy. This paper also looks at how the 'final solution' was carried out during the war. Darwin's Theory of Evolution, which itself evolved into Social Darwinism is made reference to in this paper with regards to what the Nazi's formulated their monstrous ideas from.
From the Paper "The Germans were not the first people to experience and participate in anti-Semitic thoughts and acts. Russians and Poles were famous for their pogroms; the Spanish for their inquisition; the history of the Diaspora of the Jews includes an unbroken continuity of persecutions, expulsions, and massacres. In fact, the times when the Jews were allowed to live in peace have been infrequent exceptions over the past 2000 years. However, analysis of the Nazi Final Solution must include the question of why an entire nation would follow a political ideology that encouraged murderous acts on an previously scale that went counter to the otherwise Christian ideals most Germans held as fundamental life structure."
This essay illustrates that the separation of law and morality is both possible and impossible, depending on how one defines the phrase "separation of law and morality".
Abstract The essay explores the legal positivist separation thesis. It approaches the question of whether it is possible to separate law and morality from two aspects- first, the content of the law and secondly, the judicial decision maing process. The writer makes reference to the policy of removing part-Aboriginal children from their families and communities, and placing them in special purpose institutions to support his argument.
From the Paper "It has been described as ;arguably the most tragic and shameful chapter in Australia";s history.; From the late nineteenth century to the late 1960's, Australian governments carried out the policy of removing part-Aboriginal children from their families and communities, placing them in special purpose institutions. Often, these removals were carried out by force. The purpose of this removal policy was to assimilate the part-Aboriginals with the white community as the full-blooded Aboriginals were believed to be a doomed race in the sense that they would die out. A large number of the children suffered physical and emotional mistreatment following the removal from their families. The children who were removed under this policy came to be known as ";the stolen generation" This sets the backdrop against which I will discuss whether it is possible to separate law and morality with respect to the Australian court"s law making power.4 The separation of law and morality is the foundation of legal positivism. Positivists often criticize natural law theorists for blurring the line between law and morals. This essay aims, by examining three stolen generation cases, to illustrate that the separation of law and morality is both possible and impossible, depending on how one defines the phrase ";separation of law and morality."
